Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In February, March, and April 1974, a severe epidemic of measles, with 71 cases and three deaths, occurred on the Cheyenne and Standing Rock Sioux Indian Reservations in South and North Dakota. The attack rate was 9.0 cases per 1,000 persons, and associated with the illness were 24 cases of pneumonia and ten cases of otitis media. Age-specific attack rates were highest in those under one year of age. Using secondary attack rates in persons under nine years of age who were vaccinated and unvaccinated family contacts of cases, vaccine efficacy was measured as 97.3% (95% confidence interval 80.1 to 99.9%).
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PMID:Measles vaccine efficacy determined from secondary attack rates during a severe epidemic. 83 Aug 78

A 41-year-old woman with a myelodysplastic syndrome complained of diarrhea with malabsorption and protein-losing enteropathy after splenectomy. No cause was found and various therapeutic regimens were not effective. Pathological examination of biopsies from stomach, small intestine, and large bowel showed infiltrations interpreted as inflammatory on routine technics. Blast cell infiltration was found on electron microscopy. Treatment by citarabine induced normalization of leukocytosis, and diarrhea disappeared. Six months after the onset of illness, she developed acute myeloblastic leukemia and died of infectious pneumonia. Blastic infiltration of the lamina propria could be responsible for the determinism of symptoms, because of the lack of another etiology, the intensity of the blastic infiltration and the effect of cytotoxic therapy, even in the absence of new biopsies.
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PMID:[Diarrhea with malabsorption and exudative enteropathy caused by intestinal myeloid involvement in a patient with myeloproliferative syndrome]. 152

As a result of complex hygienic, clinical and cancer epidemiologic studies, dust proved to be a major occupational hazard. Coke and graphite dust absorbs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benz(a)pyrene in concentrations exceeding maximum permitted levels. Screening of 746 graphite workers followed by clinical examination established increased incidence of diseases of the upper respiratory tract (chronic rhinitis pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc.), bronchi and lungs (chronic bronchitis or pneumonia) and skin (hyperkeratosis, naevi, etc.). Among respiratory diseases were hypertrophic laryngitis, papillomatous bronchitis and angiofibroma of the larynx which are now considered to be precancer. Cancer epidemiologic studies referred graphite workers to a group of high risk of cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the carcinogenic hazard in the manufacture of graphite articles]. 272 86

Some immunological tests were made and lipid peroxidation studied in 147 tuberculous, 76 lung cancer and 48 lingering pneumonia patients. Blast-transformation reaction proved inhibited, absolute and proportional number of large leukocytes was low, while circulating immune complexes grew in number, tuberculin specific tests appeared insignificant in all the above diseases. Both initial and end lipid peroxidation products (dienic conjugates and malonic dialdehyde, respectively) accumulate noticeably both in tuberculosis and pneumonia, whereas in cancer only dienic conjugates increased in number. In all the groups antioxidant activity of the serum and lymphocytes lowered and correlated with CIC levels.
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PMID:[Immune indices in tuberculosis, lung cancer and chronic pneumonias]. 812 30

Prior to and after administration of subcutaneous tuberculin (50 TU) 50 tuberculous and 84 patients with pulmonary tumors, pneumonia, cysts, echinococcosis were examined for immunologically active proteins (IgG, IgA, C3c) and individual serum proteins (alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitripsin, fibrinogen, acid alpha-glycoprotein). Blast-transformation and migration inhibition on PPI reactions were also conducted. It was established that the above tuberculin-provocative tests may be employed with different efficacy in different clinical situations. Tests for cell immunity are applicable in large well-equipped hospitals. Tests for immunologically active proteins and serum proteins of different functional groups are more suitable for wide practice.
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PMID:[Tuberculin-provocation immunological tests in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. 890 73

We sought to assess the degree of cross-protective immunity in a mouse model of chlamydial genital tract infection. Following resolution of genital infection with the mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis, mice were challenged intravaginally with either MoPn or human serovar E or L2. The majority of animals previously infected with MoPn were solidly immune to challenge with either of the two human biovars. Surprisingly, approximately 50% of animals became reinfected when homologously challenged with MoPn, although the secondary infection yielded significantly lower numbers of the organism isolated over a shorter duration than in the primary infection. Primary infection with serovar E also protected against challenge with MoPn or serovar L2, although the degree of immune protection was lower than that resulting from primary infection with MoPn. Blast transformation and assessment of delayed-type hypersensitivity indicated that mice previously infected with either human or murine biovars produced broadly cross-reactive T cells that recognized epitopes of either murine or human biovars of C. trachomatis. Immunoblotting demonstrated that primary MoPn infection produced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to antigens of MoPn as well as at least three distinct antigenic components of human serovar E, one of which was identical in molecular weight to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Primary infection with serovar E produced IgG antibody reactive against serovar E but not MoPn MOMP and against at least one ca. 60-kDa protein of both chlamydial strains. Our results indicate that primary genital infection of mice with murine C. trachomatis induces immunity against challenge with either of two human biovars.
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PMID:Prior genital tract infection with a murine or human biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis protects mice against heterotypic challenge infection. 1033 14

Pertussis or whooping cough is caused by Bordetella pertussis. Complications of pertussis include pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy and death. Diagnostic tests include pernasal swab culture, serology, direct immuno-fluorescent assay (DFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). At present, the majority of cases are diagnosed clinically. DTaP immunisation uptake has considerably reduced disease incidence. We describe national and NEHB reported cases of pertussis over a 13 year period from 1988 to 2000 inclusive and we also describe in detail all pertussis admissions to Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda from 1998 to 2000 inclusive. From 1988 to 2000 inclusive, all pertussis cases notified nationally and in the NEHB region were tabulated and studied from data obtained from the Department of Public Health, NEHB and the NDSC, together with national and NEHB DTaP immunisation rates. All admissions to Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda with a diagnosis of pertussis from 1998 to 2000 inclusive were studied in detail by retrospective medical record review and the results were later analysed using the Epi-Info Version 6.0 statistical package. National notified pertussis cases had fallen from 1170 cases in 1988 to 150 cases in 2000. There was a striking rise in pertussis nationally in 1989 to 2217 cases and this directly related to the sharp fall in DTaP immunisation uptake at that time due to adverse publicity. Current 5-in-1 immunisation rates are between 80% to 85% nationally, and 88% for the NEHB region. NEHB pertussis notifications rose from 72 cases in 1988 to 328 in 1989 and this directly reflected the national trend; in 2000 there were only 13 notifications. In the NEHB region between 1998 and 2000 inclusive, there were only 26 notified cases of pertussis, 17 of which were admitted to hospital. Only 1/17 (6%) had a positive pernasal swab culture. There were no deaths. Pertussis is under-diagnosed and is still largely a clinical diagnosis. There has been an approximate ten-fold decrease in pertussis incidence rates over the 13 year study period both nationally and in the NEHB region. Current DTaP immunisation rates in the NEHB region of 88%, and of between 80% to 85% nationally are insufficient to confer 'herd immunity' and thus young infants will continue to be at risk.
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PMID:Pertussis--going, going, but not gone: thirteen year trends in the incidence of pertussis in the Republic of Ireland and North Eastern Health Board. 1513 68

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death in young children in Pakistan, responsible for 20-30% of all child deaths under age 5 years. This paper summarizes the research and technical development efforts over the last 15 years which have contributed to improving the effectiveness of the case management strategy to reduce mortality from pneumonia in children in Pakistan. Community intervention is viable, effective and practical. Rising antimicrobial resistance among commonly used and low-cost oral agents is of significant concern. Appropriate monitoring and evaluation of the impact of the ARI control programme is lacking. Lack of funding for programmatic activities, lack of coordination with other child survival programs, inadequate training for community health workers and general practitioners in the private sector, lack of public awareness about seeking timely and appropriate care, and insufficient planning and support for ARI programmatic activities at provincial and district levels are major hindrances in decreasing the burden of ARI in the country. The recent introduction of the community-based Lady Health Worker (LHW) Programme and WHO and UNICEF-sponsored integrated management of childhood illness initiative present ideal opportunities for re-emphasizing early case detection and appropriate case management of ARI. Ultimately, focusing on preventive strategies such as improving nutrition, reducing indoor pollution, improving mass vaccination, as well as introduction of new vaccines effective against important respiratory pathogens will likely have the most impact on reducing severe ARI and deaths from severe disease.
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PMID:Acute respiratory infections in Pakistan: have we made any progress? 1527 53

The biological activity of methanolic the extracts of leaves, roots, leaf-derived callus, root-derived callus, ginkolide A, ginkgolide B, bilobalide and a commercial Ginkgo product (Tanakan) was assessed. Bioassays consisted of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced potato tumor assay and a Kirby-Bauer microbial sensitivity assay with pure strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methanolic extracts of leaves, leaf-derived callus, root-derived callus, bilobalide and Tanakan inhibited tumor formation significantly, but more weakly than the positive control, camptothecin. No activity against E. coli was detected, but extracts from both callus types inhibited the growth of K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. All extracts and reference compounds inhibited the growth of S. pyogenes. Leaf and root tissues contained the highest levels of ginkgolide A, as compared to the callus tissues; leaf tissue contained more of all three marker compounds than the callus tissues.
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PMID:Biological activities of Ginkgo extracts. 1589 10

Jam-C(-/-) mice exhibit growth retardation and multilobular pneumonia concomitant with poor survival of the mice under conventional housing conditions. The deficient mice present a mega-oesophagus and have altered airway responsiveness. In addition, the number of circulating granulocytes is increased in Jam-C(-/-) mice as compared to control animals. These phenotypes probably reflect the different functions of JAM-C expressed by endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Indeed, the deregulation in the number of circulating granulocytes is caused by the lack of JAM-C expression on endothelial cells since rescuing endothelial expression of the protein in the Jam-C(-/-) mice is sufficient to restore homeostasis. More importantly, the rescue of vascular JAM-C expression is accompanied by better survival of deficient mice, suggesting that endothelial expression of JAM-C is mandatory for animal survival from opportunistic infections and fatal pneumonia.
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PMID:Pulmonary dysfunction and impaired granulocyte homeostasis result in poor survival of Jam-C-deficient mice. 1745 69


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