Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unusual form of spinal muscular atrophy presenting with respiratory failure was observed in four infants from two families. In one, whose death was attributed to pneumonia, the diagnosis was inferred retrospectively after two siblings died from an identical illness and were shown to have diaphragmatic paralysis and the typical electrophysiological and histological features of spinal muscular atrophy. Other signs of skeletal muscular weakness were absent or inconspicuous. The fourth, unrelated infant presented in an identical way but has survived for over a year on a ventilator. Two months after the onset of respiratory paralysis, more extensive skeletal muscular weakness was seen. Other infants, dying of unexplained respiratory illness, may have this disorder and some may be included in the miscellany of disorders that constitute the sudden infant death syndrome.
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PMID:Diaphragmatic paralysis due to spinal muscular atrophy. An unrecognised cause of respiratory failure in infancy? 397 87

Clinical features and immune status have been studied in seven previously healthy children with disseminated staphylococcal disease. Six of seven patients had a history of a viral-type illness before developing disseminated staphylococcal disease. Five patients had a petechial rash. Endocarditis occurred in three patients, two of whom had a cerebral embolism. All seven patients had an abnormal urinary sediment, and in two it was suggestive of glomerulonephritis. Two had transient renal failure. Three patients had evidence of pneumonia, one of the three developed pneumatoceles and one developed a pleural effusion. Four had osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis. All patients had a transient abnormality of intracellular bacterial killing by neutrophils. One patient died. Three patients have residual valvular heart disease; one of the three patients has weakness of one arm and another has a seizure disorder. Cellular and humoral immunity in all six surviving patients is normal. We speculate that an antecedent viral infection temporarily suppressed neutrophil function and predisposed these children to secondary and severe staphylococcal disease.
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PMID:Clinical features and abnormal neutrophil function in disseminated staphylococcal disease. 398 77

Forty-eight consecutive patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) attended by generalized weakness were treated by complete thymectomy, performed transsternally in 46 patients and through a left thoracotomy in two with thymomas. There were no operative deaths. A 12-year-old child with fulminating MG died of acute pneumonia shortly after hospital discharge. Of the remaining 47 evaluable patients, thymectomy resulted in complete remission in six, marked improvement with a reduced need for medication in 20, and mild improvement on the same dosage of medication in 18. Neither the age of the patient, nor the histopathology of the excised thymus, nor the postoperative change in acetylcholine receptor antibody titer were found to have a significant influence on the response to thymectomy. If the ten patients who were 20 years of age or younger were excluded, the patients with a shorter duration of MG achieved a better response to operation. The authors conclude that thymectomy is effective treatment for MG, regardless of the age of the patient or the type of thymic pathology.
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PMID:Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: 14-year experience. 399 35

A case of pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis occurring during long term treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride is described. The patient, a 68 year old woman, presented with severe dyspnoea and weakness 13 months after the institution of amiodarone therapy, 200 mg. bid 6 days/week. Chest x-ray showed patchy infiltrates involving the parahilar and medullary areas of both upper lobes. The clinical symptoms and the pulmonary signs improved only after amiodarone discontinuation and steroid treatment. Radiographic abnormalities gradually cleared over 45 days except for residual lines of fibrosis in the zones of previous alveolar consolidation still present 4 months later.
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PMID:Lung disease associated with amiodarone treatment. 405 92

Eleven autopsied cases of bronchiolar emphysema are reported. In all, both lungs were involved. Their pleural surfaces were finely bosselated, presenting an appearance resembling that of the liver in Laennec's cirrhosis. The lungs were firm, they cut with increased fibrous resistance, and the cut surfaces were honeycombed with cysts.Microscopically, the cysts originated in terminal bronchioles. Their walls were thickened with fibrous tissue, elastic fibres and prominent smooth muscle. Areas of lung parenchyma were replaced by fibrous tissue rich in elastic fibres.The etiology of this disease is unknown. Inherent weakness of the myoelastic wall of the respiratory bronchiole, hypoplasia of the distal segment of the respiratory unit, and superimposed recurrent respiratory infections probably are essential in its pathogenesis. The pulmonary changes cause interference with hemorespiratory gaseous exchange.Death was due to respiratory failure in seven cases, to cardiac failure in three and to superimposed staphylococcal pneumonia in one.
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PMID:Bronchiolar emphysema (diffuse bronchiolectasis)--so-called muscular cirrhosis of the lungs. 582 39

A case of connatal polyneuropathy is described in a boy who died of pneumonia at the age of 2 years, and from whom sural nerve biopsies had been taken when he was 4 and 16 months old. Clinically, his disease was characterized by motor weakness and muscular flaccidity in the presence of normal intellectual development. The evolution of the connatal peripheral nerve lesion could be followed from the age of 4 months to death: The first biopsy evidenced the most serious pathologic changes. The findings were reminiscent of those encountered in a fetal nerve at 18 weeks of gestation. Furthermore, it showed numerous filamentous inclusions in Schwann cells. The second biopsy showed a sparsely myelinated nerve with bands of basement membrane apparently unrelated to cells arranged around the nerve's fibers. A few Schwann cells containing filamentous inclusions were still present. At autopsy, the findings were identical to those of the second biopsy. The possibility that this patient was transitionally exposed to a neurotoxic agent during pregnancy and that the biopsy findings represent a lesion that is still florid in the first and in a residual state in the second biopsy is considered.
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PMID:Connatal polyneuropathy -- a case with proliferated microfilaments in Schwann cells. 629 5

We studied 53 patients with proximal myopathy to determine at what level of muscle weakness hypercapnic respiratory failure is likely, and which tests of pulmonary function or respiratory muscle strength would best suggest this development. Respiratory muscle strength was determined from maximal static efforts and in half the patients, both inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengths were less than 50% of normal. In the 37 patients without lung disease respiratory muscle weakness was accompanied by significant decreases in vital capacity, total lung capacity, and maximum voluntary ventilation; by significant increases in residual volume and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2); and greater likelihood of dependence on ventilators, atelectasis, and pneumonia. Hypercapnia was particularly likely when respiratory muscle strength was less than 30% of normal in uncomplicated myopathy, and when vital capacity was less than 55% of the predicted value in any patient.
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PMID:Respiratory muscle and pulmonary function in polymyositis and other proximal myopathies. 641 85

Fifty one cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriaemia observed during the last 12 years are reported. Thirty five patients were over fifty years old; 92 p. cent were admitted for several days and about 50 p. cent were in post-operative period. A previous antibiotherapy and an impaired status are promotive factors. The respiratory or peritoneal origins are the most frequent. All patients were feverish; 24 have had an infectious shock which was inaugural in 12 cases. Seven pneumonitis, 3 endocarditis, one pericarditis and 2 osteitis were observed. An ecthyma gangrenosum was noted in three patients. Mortality was 70 p. cent. Comparison between recovered and died patients improved bad prognosis of old age, post operative period, neoplasic, previous organica weakness and pulmonary or peritoneal origins. Used alone, colimycin has seemed to be more effective than aminosid antibiotics; but their association with betalactamins was better. An in vitro study of the susceptibility of 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains has proved the interest of piperacillin and cefsulodin; azlocillin, cefoperazone and ceftriaxone are just less effective.
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PMID:[Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriaemia: new clinical and therapeutic aspects ]. 681 7

Amiodarone hydrochloride, used for prophylaxis of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias that are resistant to other agents, may cause toxic pulmonary reactions associated with abnormal chest radiographs. The authors review four new cases of amiodarone-induced toxicity and eight cases reported in the literature. Peripheral areas of consolidation, predominantly in the upper lobes and resembling chronic eosinophilic pneumonia or tuberculosis, and diffuse interstitial disease were seen. Clinical symptoms included dyspnea on exertion, weakness, and occasionally pleuritic pain. Radiographic abnormalities developed after a median latency period of six months on the drug (600 to 800 mg daily). Pathologic findings suggested a possible toxic effect of the drug on phospholipid metabolism in the lung. Amiodarone toxicity may lead to significant pulmonary insufficiency. The clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were completely reversible upon cessation of drug use and institution of corticosteroid treatment. Resolution generally occurs within three months.
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PMID:Lung disease caused by amiodarone, a new antiarrythmic agent. 683 14

Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (large-colony type) was isolated from the lungs of a goat with pneumonia. Clinical signs included inappetence, weakness, listlessness, coughing, dyspnea, pyrexia, slight nasal discharge, and lameness. Tylosin (4 mg/kg of body weight) was administered each day for 4 days, resulting in slow recovery. Three weeks later, the clinical signs recurred and the kid was anemic. It was given a single blood transfusion and tylosin was administered daily. The kid's health status was steadily declined and it died after 6 days' treatment. At necropsy, the lungs were edematous and congested. Histopathologic findings were those of septicemia and pneumonia.
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PMID:Pneumonia in goats caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. 700 31


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