Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 63-year-old man with Eaton-Lambert syndrome manifested by marked respiratory failure was reported. He began to notice blepharoptosis and diplopia in September, 1987, followed by weakness and easy fatigability in bulbar, neck and limb muscles in association with impotence by February, 1988. On admission in August, 1988, Gowers' sign, decreased tendon reflexes and muscle weakness improved by the injection of edrophonium were found. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody was negative. Single muscle action potential evoked in the thenar muscle was abnormally low in amplitude with the stimulation of the median nerve: repetitive nerve stimulation study revealed the waning at the low rates, but the waxing at the high rate (30 Hz), suggesting the diagnosis of Eaton-Lambert syndrome. Early gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) was diagnosed from needle biopsy specimens in August, 1988, but no other neoplasm including thymoma or lung cancer was found. After subtotal gastric resection in September, 1988, he failed into respiratory failure, requiring artificial ventilation for seven months. Plasmapheresis and drugs such as anticholinesterase, guanidine hydrochloride, and corticosteroid were ineffective for the recovery from weakness in respiratory muscle. Lung cancer was suspected, based on a chest X-ray in March, 1989, and one month later he died of pneumonia. At autopsy, small cell carcinoma of the lung was observed, but there was neither recurrence nor metastasis of the gastric cancer. Emphasis was placed on the respiratory failure in Eaton-Lambert syndrome which has rarely been reported.
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PMID:[Eaton-Lambert syndrome manifested by respiratory failure associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung]. 217 52

Aspiration, or soiling of the tracheobronchial tree, can produce life-threatening pulmonary disease. Intermittent or persistent aspiration may cause symptoms including cough, intermittent fever, recurrent tracheobronchitis, atelectasis, pneumonia, and/or empyema. The pulmonary disease may be associated with weight loss, cachexia, and dehydration. In many cases the aspiration is caused by laryngeal dysfunction, allowing pulmonary contamination by swallowed material. In other cases the aspiration is caused by a dysfunction of the oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal phases of swallowing. In some cases the aspiration is caused by a combination of laryngeal and swallowing dysfunction. Geriatric patients are more likely to experience aspiration, since muscle weakness causing mechanical disability and neurologic impairment are more common in this age group. Therefore, with the ever-increasing aging of our population, these disabilities will be on the rise, with an associated increase in pulmonary disease and death. The approach to evaluation and management of these disorders must be based on an understanding of the underlying functional impairment.
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PMID:Approaches to the patient with aspiration and swallowing disabilities. 224 88

A retrospective study of 44 patients who were involved in combination with chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis provided better understanding of the etiology in the relationship between upper air ways tract and lower air way tract. The incidence of bronchictasis was found in 5%, 3 out of 60 cases with chronic sinusitis and that of chronic sinusitis in 45%, 44 out of 98 cases with idiopathic bronchiectasis. Both side involvements of the paranasal sinus and the lung were statistically high in sinobronchiectasis compared to chronic sinusitis or bronchiectasis involved alone. The past history of the patients with sinobronchiectasis showed high occurrence of bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis, habitual angina of the throat, acute otitis media and pneumonia. A chest X. Ray evaluation of 70 patients with chronic sinusitis alone revealed relatively high incidence of abnormal fibro-nodular shadow in the lung compared to 70 patients without chronic sinusitis. It was thought that weakness of air-way tract to infection in the patients with sinobronchiectasis might play some role on break down of sino-bronchial syndrome, a combination disease of chronic sinusitis and chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:[Correlation between upper airway tract and lower airway tract in the break down of sinobronchiectasis]. 229 49

Forty-five African children with SMA were seen over a period of five years. Fifteen had severe infantile form (Group 1), 19 intermediate (Group 2), 9 juvenile (Group 3) and 2 cervical type. A positive family history was obtained in only 9% of patients. The female/male ratio was 1:1.7. The age of onset was under four months in Group 1, between 5-24 months in Group 2. In 77% of Group 3 onset was between 5-24 months, 22% between 25-48 months. The lower limbs were more severely affected than upper limbs in all except the two patients with cervical SMA, proximal muscles more than distal in 82% and proximal and distal muscle were equally affected in 18%. Bulbar weakness was present in 73% and facial weakness in 80% of Group 1 patients only. Fasciculation of tongue occurred in 50% of Group 1, 42% of Group 2 and 44% of Group 3 patients. Tremor of hands was seen in none of the patients in Group 1, 58% in Group 2 and 66% in Group 3. Tendon reflexes were absent or depressed in all except one patient in Group 2 and were normal in the legs of the two patients with cervical SMA. The blood CK was elevated in 26% of patients. An ECG "tremor" was present in 26% of patients in Group 1, 68% in Group 2 and 66% in Group 3. Four patients (all in Group 1) died of pneumonia; the outcome in the others is not known.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Spinal muscular atrophy in African children. 231 55

The medical records and autopsy data of patients over the age of 70 years at death with a diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the Yokufukai Geriatric Hospital were reviewed. All cases with ICH caused by head injury, rupture aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations were excluded from this study. There were 73 autopsied cases with spontaneous ICH from January 1978 to September 1988. There were 33 men and 40 women. Fourteen percent of the patients had a stroke while hospitalized for another disorder. Their ages at death ranged from 70 to 99 years with a mean of 81.8 years. Of these, 48 cases (66%) were 70 years or older at the time of ICH. In the senile ICH (over 70 years), the following characteristics were observed; (1) the most common location was the thalamus, which accounted for 33.3% of the hemorrhage. (2) subcortical and cerebellar hemorrhage accounted for 16.6% and 14.6% of the total, respectively. (3) there was no pontine hemorrhage. Fifty-seven percent had anamnestic hypertension before the stroke. The ages at which they became bedridden state ranged from 62 to 92 years with a mean of 79.5 years. This study revealed that the non-organic factors such as insidious generalized muscular weakness or decreased spontaneity were important as causes of the deterioration of ADL in the chronic stage of the senile ICH. Within one year after becoming bedridden state, 76.1% of all patients died. The bedridden state in the elderly with the residuals of ICH indicated a poor prognosis. As causes of death, pneumonia occurred in 28.8% of all patients, brain death in 19.2%, and sudden death in 12.3%.
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PMID:[Cerebrovascular disease in the elderly--a clinicopathological study of 73 autopsied cases with intracerebral hemorrhage]. 236 29

There has been increased recognition of adenosquamous lung carcinoma since the 1982 modification of World Health Organization (WHO) histologic criteria. However, data on clinical features of this histologic subtype were nonexistent. Medical records of 127 patients with adenosquamous lung carcinoma were reviewed to determine the clinical features, namely, age, race, sex, smoking history, asbestos exposure, symptoms present at the time of diagnosis, stage, treatments, and survival. The age distribution was: less than 40 yr, 3%; 40 to 49, 17%; 50 to 59, 28%; 60 to 69, 32%; 70 to 79, 18%; greater than or equal to 80, 2%. Men constituted 72%, and 90% were smokers. Four smokers had documented asbestos exposure. The symptoms in order of decreasing frequency were cough, weight loss, expectoration, anorexia, chest pain, dyspnea, weakness, hemoptysis, pneumonia, fever, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and chills. Stage could be ascertained in 120 (95%) patients. Local stage constituted 10%, regional constituted 30%, and distant constituted 60%. Local stage had the best survival, with a projected 5-yr survival of 62%. Median survivals in regional and distant stages were 8 and 4 months, respectively. Symptoms of adenosquamous lung carcinoma were similar to other histologies. Most patients present in regional or distant stages. Local-stage patients had a good long-term survival after surgical excision of the tumor.
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PMID:Clinical features of adenosquamous lung carcinoma in 127 patients. 236 69

A case in reported of the clinical syndrome of polymyositis in a young man. The syndrome masked pulmonary tuberculosis. Sudden appearance of pains and weakness of the muscles of the shoulder and abdominal muscles was accompanied by fever up to 40 degrees C, and macular rash on the trunk and extremities. During the disease right-sided pneumonia developed and regressed after treatment with antibiotics (tetracyclines, penicillin). Laboratory investigations showed high ESR, high leucocyte count, high levels of transaminases, CPK and LDH, and in cutaneo-muscular++ biopsy specimen scan subepidermal infiltrations were present. The patient was treated with corticosteroids with a striking improvement of the general condition. During this treatment left-sided pleural effusion developed. Bacteriological examination of the pleural fluid, including tests for acid-fast bacilli, was negative in direct examination, but these bacilli were cultured from fluid. No malignant cells were found. After antituberculous treatment the condition of the patient and the biochemical parameters became normal.
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PMID:[Polymyositis in pulmonary tuberculosis]. 262 70

A case of Kaposi's sarcoma in a 86-year female farmer is presented in view of the epidemiological data, currently changed biology of Kaposi's sarcoma, and its importance related to an association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this particular case, the clinical course of the disease was very rapid with skin lesions on the upper and lower extremities and on mucous membranes of the oral cavity and epiglottis. Immunologic disorders caused afebrile pneumonia, prolonged healing of the post-traumatic wound and fracture of the shaft of the radius and ulna. Progressive cachexia and weakness have led to the loss of the waking ability and self-care.
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PMID:[Kaposi's sarcoma ]. 263 32

During 1988, pulmonary mycosis was diagnosed in four of 116 farmed deer examined on suspicion of tuberculosis. The histopathology showed allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the agent was identified as a zygomycete, probably Absidia corymbifera, by immunofluorescence staining. Three fallow deer (Dama dama) had invasive necrotizing mycotic pneumonia and progressive exudative mycotic alveolitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. In the red deer, weakness due to paratuberculosis had probably promoted the mycotic infection. The three fallow deer were bred on another farm, where predisposing factors included mouldy straw and incorrect management.
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PMID:Pulmonary mycosis in farmed deer: allergic zygomycosis and invasive aspergillosis. 268 23

Two cases of manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) were described. Case 1. The 41 year-old woman presented gait disturbance at the age of 40. She had two sons. The first son died of pneumonia soon after birth. The second son developed DMD and died of heart failure when he was 17 years old. Neurological examination revealed mild muscle weakness in neck flexors, gluteus maximus (left side dominance) and hamstrings (right side dominance) as well as bilateral calf pseudohypertrophy. Electromyography showed myopathic changes and serum creatine kinase (CK) was elevated (1941IU/l). The karyotype was 46XX. Computed tomography (CT) of skeletal muscles showed that the following muscles were partly replaced by fatty tissue: bilateral paravertebral muscles, left gluteus maximus, left quadriceps femoris, right adductor magnus, long head of right biceps femoris, bilateral peroneus longus and medial head of left gastrocnemius. Histological examination of left quadriceps femoris revealed only minimal change of focal endomysial proliferation and fiber size variation, demonstrating no necrotic fiber or no abnormalities in fiber type. Case 2. The 42 year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of dyspnea and palpitation. The disease was initially diagnosed as myocardial infarction based on cardiomegaly, ECG abnormality (Q in aVL, V5,6., ST depression and negative T in V5,6, ST elevation in I, aVL) and elevated serum CK. However, the diagnosis was rejected due to the lack of subsequent changes in ECG and the continued elevation of serum CK even after her complaints had disappeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Asymmetrical patchy muscle involvement in manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy--computed tomographical and histological study]. 274 85


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