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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The indices of P a-A CO2, P A-a O2 and VD/VT were evaluated in a group of children treated with controlled ventilation (IPPV) for: pneumonia, congenital heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome or central nervous system diseases. The P A-a O2 index is regarded as the most useful one, since it enables the possibility to select a F IO2 value for obtaining an optimal P aO2. For calculation of VD/VT according to Bohr's formula during connection of the child to respirator P ECO2 was determined planimetrically from the capnographic curve. P a-A CO2 was recognized as a less useful index and difficult to interpret.
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PMID:Evaluation of P a-A CO2, P A-a O2 and VD/VT measurements during controlled respiration in children. Preliminary communication. 79 76

During the first week of March 1974, a hospitalized patient being evaluated for hyperproteinemia and hypertension experienced fever, chills, and myalgia and showed pulmonary signs consistent with diffuse pneumonia. Subsequently, the findings from serologic tests confirmed that the patient had viral influenza. Seven other compromised hosts on the same ward developed symptoms of pneumonic influenza, and serologic data on three of the seven confirmed influenza A2. Additionally, a previously healthy young adult admitted with acute respiratory distress died of nonbacterial complications and was shown to have community-acquired influenza. The unusual features of the epidemic were the intrahospital localization of the epidemic in compromised hosts, the high rate of pneumonic complications, the low rate of secondary bacterial infection, and the severity of the viral pneumonia in the community-acquired case.
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PMID:A nosocomial outbreak of influenza A. 85 36

The clinical and radiographic features of 27 newborn infants with early onset Group B streptococcal infection as documented by blood culture have been reviewed. Initial chest radiographs revealed a wide spectrum of patterns. These included changes usually associated with the respiratory distress syndrome, extensive pneumonia, and small infiltrates as well as a normal appearance. Premature birth and a fatal outcome were associated with extensive radiographic changes. At autopsy some of the infants with a radiographic appearance of respiratory distress syndrome had pathologic features of Group B streptococcal infection with no apparent evidence of coexisting respiratory distress syndrome.
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PMID:The radiographic features of early onset Group B streptococcal neonatal sepsis. 88 72

We performed a retrospective study of the morbidity and mortality rates of 125 infants, born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and admitted to the newborn intensive-care unit for observation. A comparison was made of maternal age, history of toxemia, type of anesthesia, duration of analgesia, presence of cord complications, abnormalities of fetal heart rate, duration of meconium staining, birth weight, gestational age, 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, and type of resuscitation between infants who were symptomatic or asymptomatic in the unit. Forty-three developed respiratory distress (symptomatic) and eight died; 82 were asymptomatic. The only difference between the two groups was a history of immediate tracheal suction in the delivery room. Of 97 infants receiving immediate tracheal suction, 27 became symptomatic and one died--an infant with Down's syndrome and endocardial cushion defect. On the other hand, of 28 infants who did not receive immediate tracheal suction, 16 became symptomatic and seven died of massive meconium aspiration pneumonitis (P less than 0.001). We concluded that in infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid, immediate tracheal suction is a safe procedure that significantly lowers the morbidity and mortality rates and produces no further respiratory depression of the infant.
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PMID:Tracheal suction in meconium aspiration. 115 18

In order to facilitate for the general physicians the making of a suitable selection of babies who are in the most urgent need of specialized treatment at cardiac centres, simple methods for diagnosing and qualifying congenital cardiovascular diseases were elaborated. The following "minor" criteria were taken for suspecting a CHD: 1) cardiorespiratory distress following birth, 2) sequentially repeated Apgar score below normal, 3) "pneumonia" symptoms with respiratory distress, dyspnoea and cyanosis, attacks of unconsciousness, 4) feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, inexplicable irritability, 5) presence of other congenital anomalies. The almost certain presence of serious heart disease should be recognized in children, showing the following "major" symptoms: 1) permanent cyanosis, pallor or greyish colour, 2) cardiorespiratory failure (resembling usually symptoms of pneumonia), 3) ECG patterns indicating ventricular hypertrophy signs, 4) other significantly abnormal ECG patterns (e.g. AV and intraventricular conduction disturbances), 5) cardiac enlargement and lung vascularity abnormalities in chest X-rays, 6) weak, or impalpable arterial, particularly femoral pulses, femoral arterial pressures significantly lower, than at upper extremities, bounding pulses and high-pressure amplitude in arms and legs, 7) abnormal heart sounds and pathologic heart and vascular murmurs. A diagnostic "key", based upon evaluation of the "major criteria" facilitates the diagnosis and differentiation of the most important CHD's at neonatal and infantile age. When using this "key" one should keep in mind the relative frequency of incidence of particular lesions. The initial diagnoses by the above "key" were verified in 354 patients by cardiovascular catherisation, angiocardiography, surgical exploration, and for by autopsy. The diagnoses were perfectly accurate in 83.6% cases, in further 11.3% cases being also accurate but were supplemented by some details, and had to be corrected in only 5.1% cases.
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PMID:[Congenital heart diseases in newborns and infants; early detection, differentiation and accuracy of clinical diagnoses (author's transl)]. 122 66

The neonatal outcomes in 109 pregnancies complicated by prolonged rupture of the fetal membranes were studied over a 3-year period. The overall neonatal mortality was 29 (26.6%). Nineteen of these deaths were from infections, of which 12 were pneumonia. There was also a high morbidity rate of 68.8%. Neonatal sepsis, cardiorespiratory depression at birth and prematurity were the most significant complications. Forty-eight (44%) of the infants in the study group had an infection, in contrast with three (2.9%) in the control group (p < 0.0001). No protective effect or benefit from prolonged rupture of fetal membranes in relation to the development of respiratory distress syndrome was demonstrated.
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PMID:Prolonged rupture of membranes and neonatal outcome in a developing country. 128 44

We studied serum sodium, plasma osmolality and urinary sodium and osmolality on days 1, 3 and 5 of hospitalization of 100 children aged from 1 month to 12 years admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Hyponatraemia (serum sodium concentration < or = 130 mmol/l) was found in 31 patients at the time of admission. The probable cause of hyponatraemia in 94% of cases was the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Symptoms and signs indicative of severe pneumonia were two to three times more frequent and the mean duration of tachypnoea, chest-wall retraction and hospital stay about one and a half times longer in children with hyponatraemia. Four children died (two on day 1, one on day 5 and one on day 8); all four had a serum sodium concentration < or = 125 mmol/l which persisted until death. Of the remaining 27 hyponatraemic children, serum sodium concentrations returned to normal on day 3 in 26, while in one hyponatraemia persisted until day 7. The recovery from hyponatraemia showed a good correlation with improvement in clinical signs of respiratory distress. The SIADH occurred in about one-third of the children hospitalized for pneumonia, and was associated with a more severe disease and a poorer outcome. Perhaps fluid restriction in these cases may improve the outcome.
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PMID:Hyponatraemia and the inappropriate ADH syndrome in pneumonia. 128 78

A serial determination of pulmonary surfactant apoprotein-A (SP-A) was made on tracheal aspirates from seven intubated infants with different types of respiratory failure in the first week of life. A two-site immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies was adopted to determine the SP-A concentration. The concentrations of albumin in the same samples were also assayed, and these data were expressed as the ratio of SP-A to albumin (SP-A/albumin ratio), and evaluated against clinical data such as the arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/APO2) or ventilatory index. In infants with respiratory distress syndrome, the SP-A/albumin ratio was initially low, and increased gradually in the first few days of life with the improvement of a/APO2 and ventilatory index. The complication of pulmonary hemorrhage due to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) resulted in a temporary decrease in the ratio. The infant with transient tachypnea of the newborn showed higher concentration from the first day of life and, in the course of PDA without pulmonary hemorrhage, the ratio did not decrease. The cases of congenital pneumonia showed the SP-A/albumin ratio remaining low while the infection was evident. These data suggest that the SP-A/albumin ratio of the tracheal aspirate can be used for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of endogenous pulmonary surfactant in newborn infants with different respiratory disorders.
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PMID:Pulmonary surfactant apoprotein-A in neonates with different respiratory disorders. 128 11

The effect of intratracheal surfactant instillation on pulmonary function in rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was investigated. In these animals which developed PCP with severe respiratory failure after s.c. administration of cortisone acetate over 8-12 weeks, pulmonary function could be improved by surfactant instillation, as measured by an increase in PaO2. Histological examination showed that alveoli of rats with PCP which received no surfactant treatment are filled with foamy edema, whereas after surfactant treatment alveoli are stabilized and well-aerated. These results indicate that surfactant therapy could be used in patients with severe PCP to overcome an acute stage of respiratory distress while at the same time surfactant could serve as a carrier substance for antimicrobial drugs to attain high intra-alveolar and low systemic antimicrobial drug concentrations.
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PMID:Improvement of pulmonary gas exchange after surfactant replacement in rats with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 128 89

In order to investigate the potential involvement of pseudorabies virus (PRV) in swine respiratory disease, nine week old pigs were intranasally inoculated with the PRV strain 4892. Two doses of infection were used: 10(4.5) median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50)/pig and 10(3.5) TCID50/pig, with ten pigs per group. In the group of pigs inoculated with 10(4.5) TCID50, seven out of ten pigs died within six days after inoculation. The mortality rate in the group of pigs inoculated with the lower dose was only two out of ten and, there were several pigs in this group that showed signs of respiratory distress besides some mild nervous signs. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from various tissues collected postmortem, including alveolar macrophages. Virus localization in tissues was also detected by in situ hybridization. The histopathological examination of the respiratory tract tissues revealed a pathological process that was progressing from mild pneumonia to severe suppurative bronchopneumonia. The isolation of virus from alveolar macrophages provides support to the hypothesis that replication of PRV during the course of infection produces an impairment of the defense mechanisms in the respiratory tract.
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PMID:Study of the potential involvement of pseudorabies virus in swine respiratory disease. 131 99


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