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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to study whether young children, originally immunoglobulin E (IgE) negative and who became sensitized to specific inhalation allergens, presented more frequently to their general practitioner (GP) with other allergy- and asthma-related symptoms than children who remained IgE negative. It was also investigated whether asthma was diagnosed more often in children who developed IgE to inhalant allergens. Coughing children, 1-5 years of age, visiting the participating GPs, were tested for IgE antibodies to mites, dogs, and cats by using radioallergosorbent testing (RAST). All IgE-negative (RAST < 0.2 IU/ml) children were re-tested after 2 years. The medical records of 162 children were reviewed on asthma- and allergy-related symptoms and on prescribed medication. After 30 months, 27 of the 162 children (17%) had become IgE positive for one or more allergens. Most children (93%) had visited their GP for treatment of respiratory symptoms during this period. However, the children who had become IgE positive had visited their GP more often than the children who remained IgE negative. Differences in visits were seen for: shortness of breath (52% IgE-positive vs. 19% IgE-negative children, respectively), wheeze (37% vs. 17%), allergic rhinitis (33% vs. 16%), and pneumonia (22% vs. 8%), but not for coughing (89% vs. 88%). The IgE-positive children were more frequently diagnosed by their GP as having asthma (48%) than were the IgE-negative children (23%). In a multivariate analysis, indicators of becoming IgE positive were: a visit for shortness of breath (odds ratio [OR] = 6.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1-23.1) and two or more visits for wheeze (OR = 6.0; 95% CI = 1.9-19.2), adjusted for breast-feeding, age, and asthma or allergy in the family. The positive predictive value (PPV) of being IgE positive with a diagnosis of asthma was 90% (whereas the negative predictive value was 48.0%) for a child attending their GP for treatment of wheeze. For recurrent coughing (six or more visits) and shortness of breath, the PPVs were 73% and 71%, respectively. The development of sensitization to common inhalant allergens is associated with specific allergy and asthma-related symptoms in young children. IgE-positive children were more frequently diagnosed as having asthma by their GP. This implies that in general practice it is possible to detect children at high risk for developing allergic asthma early in life by their respiratory symptoms and by subsequent testing for specific IgE to inhalant allergens.
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PMID:Development of specific immunoglobulin E in coughing toddlers: a medical records review of symptoms in general practice. 1147 78

Classical radiation pneumonitis has been described after single dose whole lung irradiation in experimental animals where above a threshold dose of irradiation, there is a sigmoid dose response curve with increasing morbidity and mortality. After clinical fractionated irradiation, however, acute radiation pneumonitis consisting of cough shortness of breath and patchy radiological changes, occurs in <10% of patients, has dyspnoea out of proportion to the volume of lung irradiated and usually resolves completely without long-term effects. There is increasing evidence that this represents a bilateral lymphocytic alveolitis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis and has been termed sporadic pneumonitis. Late radiation toxicity results in pulmonary fibrosis. This is a consequence of repair, which is initiated by tissue injury within the radiation portal. It follows release of chemotactic factors for fibroblasts including transforming growth factor-beta, fibronectin and platelet derived growth factor. Radiation fibrosis is the clinically more significant syndrome for patients. It may result in progressive dyspnoea and mortality in patients. The most predictable change in laboratory lung function tests is a decrease in transfer factor due to damage at the capillary-alveolar level. It also results in decreased lung compliance, which will affect the total lung capacity and the forced vital capacity. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s is less affected, although this seems to depend on the volume of lung irradiated. There is also a decrease in perfusion in the irradiated lung. Radiation fibrosis seems to depend, amongst other factors, on the volume of lung, which is irradiated above a threshold of 20-30 Gy. The morbidity of radiation fibrosis may therefore be minimized by the use of dose volume histogram to minimize the volume of normal lung irradiated in patients at high risk, e.g., patients with who present with poor lung function. The importance of the baseline perfusion in the irradiated areas continues to be studied.
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PMID:Lung toxicity following chest irradiation in patients with lung cancer. 1180 81

A 47-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of cough and shortness of breath. Chest radiography showed infiltration of the right lung and left pleural effusion, the eosinophil count increased notably in the peripheral blood, sputum, and pleural effusion. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the invasion of eosinophils like eosinophilic pneumonia. Heart failure easily developed in this patient after the intravenous infusion. Myocardial involvement was suspected, and hypereosinophilic syndrome was diagnosed. After prednisolone was administered, the peripheral blood eosinophil count normalized rapidly, and subsequently, the pleural effusion and infiltration shadows in the lung disappeared.
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PMID:[Pulmonary involvement, pleural effusion, and electrocardiographic abnormality in hypereosinophilic syndrome]. 1185 86

The patient, a 78-year-old Asian male, was brought to the hospital because of acute shortness of breath that had progressively worsened over the course of the day. He complained of a nonproductive cough and claudication after walking 1 block. His past medical history was significant for mild renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 1.5--2.0 mg/dl), the etiology of which was never explored. Although there was a recent history of mild to moderate hypertension, at presentation his blood pressure was noted to be 240/118 mm Hg in both arms. His physical exam at the time of admission was remarkable for grade II hypertensive retinopathy, an S4 gallop, periumbilical systolic bruits, audible femoral arterial bruits and absent distal lower extremity pulses. Initial complete blood count, serum electrolytes and cardiac enzymes (including lactate dehydrogenase) were normal. His blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations were 51 and 3.6 mg/dl, respectively, and his urinalysis showed 1+ protein (both by dipstick and sulfasalicylic acid) with a "benign" sediment (0--1 WBC/HPE, 1--2 RBCs/HPF) with occasional granular casts. His electrocardiogram, apart from demonstrating left ventricular hypertrophy with secondary ST-T wave abnormalities, showed no acute changes; his chest X-ray demonstrated cardiomegaly and pulmonary vascular congestion. He was intubated and subsequently treated with increasing parenteral doses of furosemide (40--240 mg) and a nitroglycerine drip (up to 15 mcg/min). Over the course of the first 48 h, his blood pressure was gradually lowered to 170/100 mm Hg. His urine output increased from 20 ml/h to 125/ml/h, and his respiratory status improved, allowing him to be extubated. In spite of adequate control of his blood pressure in the ensuing days (150--170/80--90 mm Hg), his renal function continued to deteriorate. Renal sonography (without Doppler) demonstrated a right kidney of 9.6 cm and a left kidney of 9.3 cm in length without evidence of hydronephrosis. Both kidneys were noted to be echogenic. Assays for antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were negative, and the patient's serum complement levels were normal. For several days after his admission, his serum creatinine gradually rose to 10.7 mg/dl, and hemodialysis was initiated for uremic encephalopathy. Because of the high index of suspicion for renal artery stenosis as the case of both his hypertension and renal failure, a renal angiogram was performed. It revealed a 90% occlusion of the right renal artery with ostial involvement and a 70% occlusion of the left renal artery; both kidneys had poor distal renal vasculature and there was marked atherosclerotic disease of the aorta. After being hemodialyzed for 3 treatments, his renal function began to improve spontaneously. His serum creatinine returned to 3.4 mg/dl, and a subsequent 24-hour urine demonstrated a creatinine clearance of 20 ml/min and an excretion of 1.2 g of protein. Following his discharge from the hospital, his renal function remained unchanged for 3 years, and his blood pressure was easily controlled on monotherapy with a long-acting calcium channel blocker. He recently died from pneumonia.
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PMID:Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease. 1186 67

A 59-yr-old man developed fevers, shortness of breath, persistent cough and weight loss, shortly after initiation of therapy with interferon-alpha 2a and cytosine arabinoside for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Radiologic pulmonary infiltrates and lung tissue biopsy were consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). After discontinuation of the chemotherapeutic drugs, the pneumonic symptoms and chest roentgenogram infiltrates resolved. This report suggests that treatment with interferon-alpha, in combination with cytosine arabinoside, may produce the rare complication of BOOP.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia developing after initiation of interferon and cytosine arabinoside. 1187 80

Epidemic dropsy results from the consumption of edible oils adulterated with Argemone mexicana oil by unscrupulous traders. Twenty consecutive 'in-door' patients of dropsy were intensively studied during the recent Delhi epidemic. Samples of edible oil used by them, their urine and their serum samples tested positive for sanguinarine on thin layer chromatography. The illness starts as a gastro-enteric illness followed by oliguria and pedal oedema. The following are often observed: cutaneous erythema with blanching and tenderness on pressure; violacious pigmentation of the skin; shortness of breath with orthopnoea; right-sided heart failure with normal left ventricle (LV) functions; as well as severe anaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Renal function tests showed: bland urinary sediments; decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR); mild to moderate azotaemia; acute tubular necrosis; patchy pneumonitis; moderate hypoxia with respiratory alkalosis; and restrictive ventilatory defects on blood gas analysis; and spirometry suggestive of interstitial pulmonary oedema of non-cardiogenic origin. 99mTc colloid sulphur liver scans showed colloid shift. There was marked dilatation and proliferation of dermal capillaries in the absence of significant inflammation in the biopsy specimens. Toxic alkaloids of Argemone mexicana oil induce widespread capillary dilatation and permeability causing leakage of protein rich plasma into the interstitial tissues of various organs. A hypovolaemic state is thus induced producing renal hypoperfusion which may progress to acute tubular necrosis. Interstitial fluid in alveoli causes restrictive ventilatory dysfunction with hypertension and right-sided failure with well-preserved LV function. The hepatic venous congestion induces Kupffer's cell dysfunction, which results in colloid shift on a radionuclide liver scan.
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PMID:Epidemic dropsy: observations on pathophysiology and clinical features during the Delhi epidemic of 1998. 1193 Dec 4

The case history is described of an elderly man with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with sulfasalazine and the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib who presented with severe shortness of breath, cough, and decreased exercise tolerance. The chest radiograph showed unilateral alveolo-interstitial infiltrates and a biopsy specimen of the lung parenchyma showed changes consistent with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Antibiotic treatment was unsuccessful, but treatment with steroids and discontinuation of sulfasalazine and celecoxib resulted in a marked clinical improvement confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis. The condition may have developed as an adverse reaction either to sulfasalazine or to celecoxib, although hypersensitivity to the latter has not previously been reported.
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PMID:Migratory pulmonary infiltrates in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. 1197 28

Fluoroquinolones, which are widely used to treat community-acquired pneumonia, also have excellent in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adults with culture-confirmed tuberculosis to assess the effect of empiric fluoroquinolone therapy on delays in the treatment of tuberculosis. Sixteen (48%) of 33 patients received fluoroquinolones for presumed bacterial pneumonia before tuberculosis was diagnosed and treated. There were no differences between the group who did and the group who did not receive fluoroquinolones, except that patients who received fluoroquinolones were more likely to present with shortness of breath. Among patients treated empirically with fluoroquinolones, the median time between presentation to the hospital and initiation of antituberculosis treatment was 21 days (interquartile range, 5-32 days); among those who were not, it was 5 days (interquartile range, 1-16 days; P=.04). Initial empiric therapy with a fluoroquinolone was associated with a delay in the initiation of appropriate antituberculosis treatment.
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PMID:Empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia with fluoroquinolones, and delays in the treatment of tuberculosis. 1247 84

The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the postoperative problems, evaluation and response of symptoms, and functional status (physiologic and psychosocial functioning) during the early recovery period (2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery) in 35 individuals who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (n=24) or minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (n=11). The most frequent postoperative problem reported by the coronary artery bypass grafting group was an incisional infection (either sternal or leg); 26% reported infection at 2 and 4 weeks, and 21% at 6 weeks after surgery. Respiratory problems (pleural effusion, pneumonia) were the second most frequently reported problem, reported by 10% of the subjects at 2 and 4 weeks and by 16% at 6 weeks. Other, less frequent problems were severe nervousness, rhythm problems, and pericarditis. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass patients reported fewer postoperative or cardiac-related problems, as only 5% indicated a problem with heart failure at both 2 and 4 weeks, and 36% reported being very nervous or having emotional problems at 4 weeks. Unlike postoperative problems, there were numerous similarities in postprocedural symptoms between these two groups. Fatigue, shortness of breath, and pain were the major symptoms reported postdischarge by both groups in this study. In addition, sleeping problems were also fairly prevalent in the coronary artery bypass grafting group, which is understandable, considering the fatigue ratings. Physiologic and psychosocial functioning varied minimally between the two procedures. While there were many similarities in the recovery patterns of both groups, the occurrence of postprocedural problems and symptoms of these two patient groups should be considered by clinicians to further tailor patient education.
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PMID:Comparison of recovery patterns for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass in the early discharge period. 1209 62

A 57-year-old man with a history of liver disease had shortness of breath, fever, and pleuritic chest pain. Ascites was not present. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a large unilateral pleural effusion, compressive atelectasis, and no evidence of consolidation. Culture of the pleural fluid grew Enterococcus faecalis. Treatment with ampicillin in conjunction with tube thoracostomy resulted in clinical improvement. This case illustrates the development of spontaneous monomicrobial empyema due to E. faecalis in a patient with liver disease, in the absence of pneumonia and peritonitis.
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PMID:Enterococcus faecalis causing empyema in a patient with liver disease. 1242 9


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