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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung volume reduction (LVR) is a new surgical approach designed to relieve shortness of breath and improve exercise tolerance in patients with severe lung emphysema. The aim of this study was to analyse surgical results and changes in the lung function, gas exchange, exercise tolerance and degree of dyspnoea until two years after LVR. From June 1994 to September 1997 ninety-four patients (31 women and 63 men, mean age 64 [35-79] years) with severe emphysema (12 with alpha 1-Pi-deficiency) underwent unilateral (n = 24) or bilateral (n = 70) LVR. 92 from 94 patients were extubated immediately after surgery. 30 days mortality was 2.2% (2/94), 90 days 3.3% (3/94) respectively. Most common postoperative complications were pneumonia (n = 15, 16%) and air leakage longer than 7 days (n = 22, 23.4%). One month after surgery there was a significant increase in forced expiratory vital capacity after one second (FEV1 59%) and significant decrease in total lung capacity (TLC 19%) and residual volume (RV 28%). Also significant changes were observed in paO2, paCO2, 6-minute walking distance, dyspnoea score and respiratory muscle function. Two years after LVR lung function tests in patients with smokers emphysema showed the benefit to be maintained (high responders). Patients with alpha 1-Pi-deficiency showed 6 to 12 months after surgery a remarkable deterioration of functional data (low responders). In selected patients with severe emphysema surgical LVR shows significant improved pulmonary function, gas exchange, dyspnoea and walking distance. The results are better after bilateral operation. Patients selection, rehabilitation program and interdisciplinary care resulted in a low operative morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:[Surgical and functional results after surgical lung volume reduction in 94 patients with severe emphysema]. 1020 48

A patient was admitted with a history of cough, shortness of breath and fever. After investigations, he was found to have a left-sided pneumonia with pleural effusion. Culture of the patient's sputum, pleural fluid and blood revealed Salmonella senftenberg. The patient was started on antibiotics according to the sensitivity report and responded to therapy. The past history revealed attempt at suicide by the intake of corrosive acid, which caused an esophageal stricture. The leak of gastric contents into the mediastinum lead to the infection of the pleural cavity and pneumonia.
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PMID:Pleuro pulmonary infection with Salmonella group E. 1045 84

We report the case of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) whose death occurred within 30 hours of hospitalization due to disseminated cryptococcosis, manifested by dizziness, cough, and shortness of breath. The clinical picture was consistent with pneumocystis pneumonia, and antibiotic therapy with corticosteroids was initiated. Despite initial improvement, the patient's condition quickly worsened, resulting in cardiorespiratory arrest and death. Autopsy revealed cryptococci in several organs. Sudden, rapid deterioration and death are rare consequences of disseminated cryptococcosis, and steroids may worsen the course of the disease. On the basis of this case and review of similar cases in the literature, we recommend early consideration of disseminated cryptococcosis in AIDS patients with pneumonia. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Rapid respiratory deterioration and sudden death due to disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 1049 75

Pneumonitis is a serious and unpredictable side-effect of treatment with methotrexate (MTX) that may become life-threatening. The clinical and histological features of nine cases of MTX pneumonitis are reported and the literature reviewed. The typical clinical symptoms include progressive shortness of breath and cough, often associated with fever. Hypoxaemia and tachypnoea are always present and crackles are frequently audible. Chest radiography reveals a diffuse interstitial or mixed interstitial and alveolar infiltrate, with a predilection for the lower lung fields. Pulmonary function tests show a restrictive pattern with diminished diffusion capacity. Lung biopsy reveals cellular interstitial infiltrates, granulomas or a diffuse alveolar damage pattern accompanied by perivascular inflammation. These clinical and pathological findings are not specific to MTX pneumonitis and can be seen with other drug-induced lung toxicities. It is important that all patients receiving methotrexate be educated concerning this potential adverse reaction and instructed to contact their physicians should significant new pulmonary symptoms develop while undergoing therapy. If methotrexate pneumonitis is suspected, methotrexate should be discontinued, supportive measures instituted and careful examination for different causes of respiratory distress conducted.
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PMID:Methotrexate pneumonitis: review of the literature and histopathological findings in nine patients. 1070 7

This cross-sectional survey was conducted as Phase I of the Prairie Ecosystem Study (PECOS): Environmental Pesticide Exposure and Human Health. In November of 1995, community volunteers delivered a self-administered household questionnaire to 1185 rural households in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The survey provided a broad description of the general health and the physical environment of 511 men, 499 women, and 393 children (< 18 years of age) residing in 549 respondent households in the rural study area (population density of about one person/km2). Families in the respondent households resided on a farm, in town or both. Of the 369 households that operated a farm, 25.2% of the households did not list the farm as their primary household. Residents of both farming and non-farming households reported contact with pesticides and fertilizers through home or garden use. History of smoking was greater among men and women from non-farming households. The most commonly reported health problems among the children were a history of bronchitis, asthma, skin allergies, pneumonia, and hay fever. The most frequently reported health problems among the men were a history of high blood pressure, bronchitis, pneumonia, hearing problems, and stress; and among the women were a history of bronchitis, high blood pressure, shortness of breath, and pneumonia. Compared to farming households, more members of non-farming households reported a history of respiratory problems, particularly bronchitis among the women and children. Overall, there were important differences in the smoking history, the occupational use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the general health status between the farming and non-farming households and individuals in this rural population.
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PMID:Health and environment of rural families: results of a Community Canvass survey in the Prairie Ecosystem Study (PECOS). 1093 56

Pneumonitis with eosinophilia is one of the less common and severe adverse effects of minocycline. The disease evolves in days or weeks from the beginning of treatment, and is usually characterized by dyspnea, fever and bilateral infiltrates in the chest X-ray. With cessation of the antibiotic, and sometimes adding cortico-steroids, clinical and roentgenological resolution follow. We present a case given minocycline for folliculitis and 3 weeks later fever, cough and shortness of breath developed. The clinical and roentgenological course was consistent with minocycline pneumonitis accompanied by eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Minocycline pneumonitis and eosinophilia]. 1097 27

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been established recently as an important human respiratory pathogen. The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of C. pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia. We prospectively investigated adult patients who were treated as inpatients and outpatients. Acute and convalescent serum samples were obtained from each patient. Serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eighty paired sera were tested for C. pneumoniae-specific IgM, IgG and IgA. Twenty-one patients (26.2%) had serological results compatible with acute C. pneumoniae infection. Eighteen (85.7%) of these infected patients were C. pneumoniae-specific IgM positive, three had a seroconversion of IgA and two had a four-fold or greater increase in C. pneumoniae-specific IgG antibody titer. The most common clinical manifestations of community-acquired pneumonia due to C. pneumoniae were fever (100%), cough (100%), chest pain (47.6%) and shortness of breath (42.9%). Physical examination revealed crackle in 85.7 per cent of the cases. These findings suggest that C. pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in Thailand.
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PMID:Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia. 1128 3

Pneumomediastinum is termed spontaneous when not associated with trauma or other identifiable pathological process. There are several reports of pneumomediastinum following narcotic drug inhalation or smoking while applying positive pressure. We describe a 37-year-old male drug addict, hospitalized after having being found unconscious with shortness of breath. CT scan demonstrated bilateral pneumonia with pneumomediastinum. After a day of mechanical ventilation he gradually recovered and the mediastinal air disappeared. Pneumomediastinum may occur in addicts but usually has no dangerous clinical consequences. If there is respiratory deterioration another cause should be sought.
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PMID:[Pneumomediastinum following drug abuse]. 1134 Nov 82

Congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) is a rare disorder, first reported in 1953. Less than 100 cases are reported in the literature, mostly in young, asymptomatic male patients with involvement of the apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe. Patients may complain of fever, cough, or shortness of breath, symptoms that result from post-obstructive, sometimes recurrent, infections. Chest radiography and computed tomography reveal a tubular branching density representing mucus impaction or mucocele with surrounding focal hyperinflation. Surgical excision is reserved for symptomatic cases. We report an unusual case of CBA in a middle-aged man with a history of relapsing infections, who was found to have an atretic superior segment of the left lower lobe, with surrounding areas of organizing pneumonia.
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PMID:Bronchial atresia with relapsing pulmonary infection in a middle-aged man. 1135 49

Acute chest syndrome is a major cause of death and hospitalisation in children with sickle cell anaemia. It is often initiated by an infection, particularly pneumonia. Microbial agents previously not associated with acute chest syndrome are becoming increasingly important. Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is thought to be an uncommon cause of pneumonia in children with sickle cell anaemia. We report a 15-year-old African-American girl who presented with an acute chest event characterised by fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, right upper abdominal quadrant pain, jaundice and otitis media. Chest radiograph showed multi-lobar pneumonia with left pleural effusion. Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus was isolated from culture of pleural and middle ear fluids. She responded to therapy that included antibiotics, exchange blood transfusion, oxygen, thoracotomy chest tube drainage and decortication. In a child with sickle cell anaemia presenting with fever and an acute chest event, pneumonia should be considered and GABHS recognised as a possible aetiological agent. In addition, a chest X-ray should be obtained and antibiotics against agents causing community-acquired pneumonia instituted.
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PMID:Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal acute chest event in a child with sickle cell anaemia. 1147 Dec 64


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