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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes the clinical and pulmonary function manifestations found in a 37-yr-old commercial abalone diver who developed diffuse lipoid pneumonitis due to inhalation of aerosolized mineral oil contained in the unfiltered air generated from his surface air compressor. Four years later, the patient continued to be symptomatic with shortness of breath and dyspnea during exertion, and repeat physiologic evaluation continued to demonstrate findings of a restrictive ventilatory defect.
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PMID:Lipoid pneumonitis in a commercial abalone diver. 368 44

Forty patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 70% of whom were intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), were seen over a 20-month period (July 1, 1981, through Feb 28, 1983). Most of the patients came from two inner-city sections of New York City and from nearby correctional facilities. Eighty-five percent of the patients were black or Hispanic; only 15% were white. Unique features of AIDS in this mostly heterosexual population were the high incidence of opportunistic infections (90% of the patients), the low incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (10%), and the high mortality rate (34% died during initial hospitalization, 74% after one year of follow-up). Tuberculosis occurred in 10% of cases, preceding other opportunistic infections by four to 24 months. We found that AIDS was a common disease among inpatient IVDAs, and in one of the participating hospitals, its incidence was similar to that of infective endocarditis. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome should be considered as the underlying illness in all IVDAs with oral thrush, shortness of breath, pneumonia, or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in an economically disadvantaged population. 387 29

An unusual case of chronic interstitial fibrosis that developed as a sequela of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is described. Predominant manifestations included progressive exertional dyspnea, shortness of breath, persisting lung infiltrates, low lung volumes, and low pulmonary diffusing capacity. Open lung biopsy one year after the acute stage of mycoplasma pneumonia revealed focal interstitial fibrosis with early pleural thickening, hypertrophic alveolar lining cells, and peribronchiolar lymphoid cell infiltrates. Improvement in clinical manifestations, radiologic findings, and pulmonary function results occurred with steroid therapy.
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PMID:Chronic interstitial pulmonary fibrosis following Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. 402 79

All the 79 (7.4%) complications of 1066 fiberoptic bronchoscopies performed under standardized topical anaesthesia in in- and outpatients were analyzed retrospectively. With the 4.9 mm bronchoscope the transnasal route was possible in all cases, and with the 6.0 mm bronchoscope in 92%. There were no deaths and no major complications, with the exception of one tension-pneumothorax, one pneumonia, one pulmonary edema and one 500 ml hemorrhage. The most frequent complications were minor hemorrhages (4.1%) which occurred mainly after biopsies and were rarely recognized by the patients. laryngospasms (1.5%) and bronchospasms (1.4%). The rate of complications was higher in patients with a FEV1 of less than 60% predicted (p = 0.02) and in patients with a pO2 below 50 mm Hg (p = 0.06). We recommend the administration of oxygen during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Fever within 36 hours after bronchoscopy was observed in 12% and subsided without antibiotic therapy. In the light of these risks, patients should be informed prior to the procedure of the possible occurrence of shortness of breath, hemorrhage and fever.
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PMID:[How bothersome is fiber bronchoscopy under local anesthesia?]. 651 66

M. pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia. The diagnosis is suspected when the patient presents with symptoms suggesting primary atypical pneumonia including cough, fever, chills, headache, and malaise in association with a segmental or subsegmental pulmonary infiltrate(s), the white blood cell count is normal or only slightly elevated, and the Gram stain of the sputum (if any can be obtained) reveals polymorphonuclear leukocytes and few bacteria. The diagnosis is more difficult when the patient presents with symptoms not suggestive of pneumonia including lethargy, dyspnea, and a 1- to 4-week history of shortness of breath without cough or fever in association with diffuse reticulonodular or interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. The disease in the previously healthy host is usually benign and self-limiting. However, the course is shortened by the administration of tetracycline derivatives or erythromycin. M. pneumoniae pneumonia can occur in association with other diseases including sickle cell anemia, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin's disease, and various other immunodeficiency states. In these patients mycoplasma pneumonia can be very serious. Although there is no pathognomonic clinical or radiographic presentation, careful consideration of epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data are usually sufficient to suggest the diagnosis in most patients.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumonia. 676 79

Predictors of obstructive airways disease (OAD) have been identified, and models for estimating risk of developing OAD have been derived for the adult population of Tecumseh. Men and women 16 to 64 yr of age when first studied were reexamined after an average interval of 15 yr. Incidence rates of OAD increased with age and were higher in men than in women more than 45 yr of age. Incidence rates were significantly higher in men and women with low degrees of lung function initially, and in cigarette smokers, especially those who continued to smoke. Other risk factors included a physician's diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, or asthma, a history of cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, frequent upper or lower respiratory tract infections, bronchitis or pneumonia, leanness, and familial chronic bronchitis. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified combinations of risk factors that placed 70% of the male and 73% of the female incidence cases in the top 10% of the risk distribution. The excess risk of obstructive airways disease associated with cigarette smoking and reduced lung function and the benefits of stopping smoking are clearly apparent. For example, the risk of developing obstructive airways disease in the next 15 years is about 1 in 200 for a 45-yr-old male nonsmoker whose Vmax50 equals to 100% of predicted, if he doesn't take up smoking. The risk for a man of the same age who smokes 40 cigarettes a day and whose Vmax50 equals 80% of predicted is 1 in 5 or 6 if he doesn't cut down on his smoking and about 1 in 15 if he stops smoking.
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PMID:An index of risk for obstructive airways disease. 706 15

Six patients with breast cancer developed pulmonary toxicity following mitomycin therapy. The presenting symptoms were shortness of breath and a dry cough. The radiological pictures varied from a normal chest x-ray to extensive bilateral pneumonitis. The histological findings consisted of diffuse alveolar damage progressing to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in complete resolution of pneumonia in one patient. Respiratory symptoms improved in 3 patients following discontinuation of the drug. Two patients with extensive bilateral pneumonitis, who were not treated with steroids, died of respiratory failure. Mitomycin-induced lung toxicity appears to be reversible with the discontinuation of drug and the administration of corticosteroids. Lung biopsy is necessary in order to rule out other diagnoses.
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PMID:Pulmonary toxicity of mitomycin. 735 Oct 10

There is a broad spectrum of disease encompassed by the various forms of eosinophilic pneumonia. Variations in both clinical course and histologic picture make these conditions difficult to classify. A case is reported of an 18-year-old black female, seven weeks postpartum, who presented with distinctive subcutaneous nodules on her extremities. These progressed to include edema and pruritus of both feet and one arm. She had been taking only oral contraceptives for six weeks. While in the hospital, she developed fevers to 104 F, cough, shortness of breath, and eventual respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation and ventilatory assistance. Chest x-ray films revealed diffus infiltrates. Lung biopsy revealed chronic interstitial organizing pneumonia with vasculitis and marked eosinophilia. She responded dramatically to high dose steroids and recovered. After careful literature review, this case fits best in the category of Carrington chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. It is unusualy in its dermatologic presentation and its fulminant development of respiratory insufficiency.
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PMID:Eosinophilic pneumonia. 735 88

The purpose of this study was to compare the pathogens obtained by oropharyngeal suction (OPS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with chronic pulmonary infections. Forty-four children (mean age of 6.1 years; range 4 months to 15 years) were included in the study (27 children with recurrent localized lung infection, 5 with bronchiectasis, 5 with cystic fibrosis, 2 with foreign body aspiration, 2 with bronchiolitis obliterans, and 3 with recurrent episodes of cough and shortness of breath). In 27 out of 44 BAL samples (61%) bacterial cultures were positive. The sensitivity of OPS in detecting the same BAL pathogen was 89% (24/27 samples), the specificity was 94% (16/17 samples), and the predictive value was 91% (40/44 samples). Hemophilus influenzae beta-lactamase negative was the main organism recovered from BAL in non-cystic fibrosis patients with recurrent or persistent pneumonia. We conclude that OPS is a simple and efficient noninvasive procedure which may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent or chronic pulmonary infection.
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PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of oropharyngeal suction versus bronchoalveolar lavage in identifying respiratory tract pathogens in children with chronic pulmonary infection. 747 80

Several types of neoplastic conditions are included in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia. Bronchial obstruction with cancer can produce obstructive pneumonia that results in intractable infection. Bronchogenic carcinoma and metastatic cancer involving the airways may produce this clinical presentation. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a relatively common form of primary lung cancer that characteristically presents as a chronic infiltrate associated with cough, hypoxemia, shortness of breath, and mucus hypersecretion. This cancer has two distinct histological types with markedly different prognosis. The mucinous variety is much more likely to be multicentric and rapidly progressive whereas the nonmucinous variety may be localized. Lymphoproliferative diseases may also present in an infiltrative appearance. Kaposi's sarcoma infiltrating the lungs, particularly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, presents a diagnostic dilemma because of the high incidence of pulmonary infection in these patients.
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PMID:Neoplastic mimics of pneumonia. 748 Nov 27


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