Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect T-factor was compared with that of computed tomography (CT) in 52 patients with primary lung cancer proven by surgery or autopsy, and the results were analyzed in relation to the operative and pathologic findings. In the diagnosis of tumor invasion of the heart and great vessels, MRI provided information as accurate as CT. The T1-weighted images in particular were of considerable value in separating the tumor from the mediastinal and hilar fat. Tumor extent in accompanying peripheral obstructive pneumonia or collapse was demarcated in 21% of the cases studied by CT and in 33% to 53% by MRI. On the other hand, the T2-weighted images obtained with longer echo time (TE) were useful in distinguishing the tumor from secondary changes.
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PMID:Detection of T-factor in lung cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. 336 28

We report our experience from January 1980 to December 1985 with the fibreoptic bronchoscope in the evaluation of bronchial disease, particularly bronchial neoplasm. Bronchoscopy was performed in 456 patients (329 men, 127 women) and the pathological results were analysed retrospectively. The main indications for bronchoscopy were the radiological findings of a central mass (22%), a peripheral mass (18%), lobar or segmental collapse (14%), unresolved pneumonia (13%), and haemoptysis as a symptom (15%). Abnormal bronchoscopic findings were noted in 167 patients. This was supported by histological examination in 136 patients (81%). In 43 patients (32%) the diagnosis was only made on cytology. The clinical predictive values of common indications were: central mass 0.53, lobar or segmental collapse 0.51, and superior vena cava obstruction 0.36. The fibreoptic bronchoscope is a highly efficient method for diagnosing bronchial malignancy. Bronchial brushing and aspiration should be performed in all cases to maximise the yield.
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PMID:The role of the fibreoptic bronchoscope in the diagnosis of bronchial neoplasm. 368 9

Thirteen infants underwent selective intubation of a mainstem bronchus (SBI) for lobar emphysema of varying etiologies. Seven infants had pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) with lobar hyperinflation secondary to hyaline membrane disease and mechanical ventilation. Six of these improved with SBI and five maintained permanent resolution upon cessation of SBI. Two infants with localized areas of emphysema who were subsequently shown to have histologic evidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia had unsuccessful SBI. SBI was also unsuccessful in permanently resolving congenital lobar emphysema although temporary collapse of the affected lobe occurred during SBI. Complications including hypoxia, bradycardia, right upper lobe atelectasis, pneumonia, and additional air leaks occurred during SBI in six cases. Follow-up xenon ventilation scans in four infants in whom SBI was successful revealed normal ventilation of the previously diseased lobes. SBI can be a useful alternative to surgical excision of the affected lobe in patients with localized lobar hyperinflation secondary to PIE. SBI is generally unsuccessful in permanently correcting congenital lobar emphysema, nor should it be used when chronic diffuse parenchymal damage is present.
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PMID:Selective bronchial intubation in infants with lobar emphysema: indications, complications, and long-term outcome. 371 41

Although varicella is a common infection in the United States, pregnant women are infrequently infected. Varicella pneumonia is an even rarer though potentially fatal complication during pregnancy. Fulminant respiratory collapse often ensues and is associated with greater than 40% mortality. We successfully treated three patients for varicella pneumonia in pregnancy. Critical points of management include prompt diagnosis of the disease and recognition of the complications, rapid transfer to a facility capable of providing intensive care (including ventilatory support) and early initiation of aggressive antiviral chemotherapy.
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PMID:Successful management of varicella pneumonia complicating pregnancy. A report of three cases. 374 81

Three infants presenting with respiratory distress required early ventilator support. With attempts at extubation recurrent airway obstruction occurred. The clinical course was marked by recurrent episodes of hyperinflation, atelectasis, and pneumonia. Bronchoscopy, bronchography, and chest fluoroscopy revealed extensive collapse of the trachea and main stem bronchi. Two of the infants had gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent aspiration. Treatment of tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) was carried out with a tracheostomy tube attached to a portable CPAP apparatus. Initially CPAP was maintained at 10 cm of water and subsequently weaning was achieved by gradual decreasing of both positive pressure and hours of treatment per day. Total treatment time ranged from 13 to 25 months. Feedings were carried out via gastrostomy. Two infants with severe gastroesophageal reflux underwent fundoplication. Each infant was successfully weaned from distending pressure and decanulated. The treatment of severe TBM with long-term CPAP appears to be a reasonable alternative or adjunct to surgical procedures such as tracheopexy, resection, external splinting and tracheobronchoplasty.
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PMID:Management of tracheobronchomalacia with continuous positive airway pressure. 390 98

An expandable stainless steel stent was formulated for use in the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis, tracheomalacia, and airway collapse following tracheal reconstruction. The stents were placed through an endotracheal tube into the trachea and bronchi of 11 healthy dogs. The stents expanded over time, substantially increasing the diameter of the lumen. Slight migration occasionally occurred, while an inflammatory reaction was noted in each animal. The stents were successfully used in the treatment of two cancer patients to dilate a postoperative bronchial stenosis that caused pneumonia and to support a tracheal graft that collapsed with respiration. Because of the stent migration in experimental studies, designs are being tested to develop stents with greater stability. These stents may be effective in overcoming stenosis caused by scarring, extrinsic compression, and collapse of reconstructed tracheobronchial structures.
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PMID:Tracheobronchial tree: expandable metallic stents used in experimental and clinical applications. Work in progress. 394 57

In a study of 30 children with uncomplicated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonias, a high incidence of lobar collapse (8/30-26%) was noted. This involved the right upper lobe in seven patients and the left upper lobe in one patient. It is probably attributable to anatomical predispositions, sloughing of necrotic epithelium, and stimulation of mucus production. Lobar collapse should be considered part of the spectrum of RSV pneumonitis.
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PMID:Lobar collapse with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis. 400 Jul 51

The purpose of this study was to establish the proton NMR relaxation times of collapsed but otherwise normal lung tissue and to determine whether an inflammatory process within a collapsed lung can be detected by alterations in relaxation times. The lungs of three groups of rabbits were studied: group A (n = 7) had a sterile collapse of one lung for two days. The two other groups also had one lung collapsed, but with bacterial (group B, n = 6) or chemically induced (group C; n = 6) pneumonitis superimposed. The contralateral lung, which was acutely deflated at the time of thoracotomy, served as a control in each animal. T1, T2 and the total water content were measured on freshly excised lung samples. In group A, there was no significant difference in T1 (606 +/- 14* ms vs. 595 +/- 18 ms;* = SEM) or T2 (80.6 +/- 1.7 ms vs. 78.4 +/- 2.6 ms) between the collapsed and the control lung tissue. In each animal in groups B and C, T2 was longer in the collapsed lung with superimposed pneumonitis than in the control lung tissue (group B: 116.8 +/- 6.9 ms vs. 82.9 +/- 1.8 ms, P less than .001; group C: 120.5 +/- 5.9 ms vs. 86.0 +/- 1.5 ms, P less than .001). T1 changes were similar, but less marked. There was a linear relationship between the relaxation times and the total water content of the lung samples (T1:r = 0.87; T2:r = 0.91). It is concluded that proton NMR may have a potential in detecting disease such as inflammation in collapsed lung tissue based on differences in relaxation parameters compared with normal lung areas.
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PMID:The detection of inflammation in collapsed lung by alterations in proton nuclear magnetic relaxation times. 404 90

Thirteen infants and children with adenovirus type 7 infection proved by virus isolation are described. High fever, cough and dyspnea were the most frequent findings; in infants under 1 year of age wheezing was common. Four patients required artificial ventilation. Lobar collapse, consolidation and hyperinflation were frequent radiologic findings. None of the symptoms responded to antibiotic therapy or bronchodilator drugs. Three patients died (mortality rate of 23%). Pathologic findings were compatible with adenovirus type 7 pneumonia, and were characterized by a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis, patchy alveolar fibrinopurulent exudate and hyaline membrane formation. Some intra-alveolar epithelial cells showed strikingly abnormal nuclei and rare typical halo-outlined intranuclear inclusions were seen. Only one of eight survivors had evidence of significant chronic chest disease.
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PMID:An outbreak of adenovirus type 7 infection in children in Montreal. 434 82

Intensive immunosuppression (IIS) was compared with prednisolone alone over a 2-year period in the treatment of severe connective tissue diseases. IIS consisted of 15 daily infusions of 750 mg antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg/day, and prednisolone reducing from 150 mg, followed by maintenance azathioprine and prednisolone. The initial dose for prednisolone by itself was 60 mg and patients not responding to this regimen over a minimum of one month were then given IIS. Forty-one patients with life-threatening or severely disabling polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM), or systemic lupus erythematosus received one or other treatment. All 11 patients who received IIS for PAN remitted. Ten of these had renal impairment which was reversed or halted with IIS, and in 6 of these renal function had been deteriorating with prednisolone alone. One patient died of pneumonia in renal failure 9 months later but with PAN in remission. Two further patients, neither having renal involvement, achieved remission with prednisolone alone. Early cytotoxic treatment would seem to be indicated in PAN when there is renal involvement. Two patients with DM entered remission or prednisolone alone. The remaining 12, of whom 5 had failed steroid therapy, received IIS. Improvement or halting of deterioration was achieved in all 12 with best results in those without marked muscle wasting consequent to disease of long duration. The results suggest that IIS may be a useful adjunct in those patients failing to respond to prednisolone. IIS seemed no more effective than prednisolone alone in the treatment of the 14 patients with SLE and in particular lupus nephritis. Flares in disease activity were common in both groups and appeared to be related to prednisolone dosage. IIS was generally well tolerated, though infection occurred in 2 patients. Vertebral collapse or osteonecrosis of the femoral head occurred in 3 patients following IIS, all of whom had been previously receiving prednisolone for long periods.
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PMID:Intensive immunosuppression versus prednisolone in the treatment of connective tissue diseases. 612 61


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