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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During July 1978 an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease characterized by high fever, prostration, and pneumonia occurred at an Atlanta, Georgia, country club. All eight cases involved club members whose primary club activity was golfing. The degree of golfing activity during the likely exposure period was a risk factor for acquiring the illness. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from the evaporative condenser within the clubhouse. The fact that the stream of air blowing from the exhaust duct of the evaporative condenser was directed toward a nearby practice green and the 10th and 16th tees supports the hypothesis that this outbreak represents airborne dissemination of L. pneumophila from the evaporative condenser to an outdoor site where susceptible golfers contracted the illness.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease outbreak at an Atlanta, Georgia, Country Club: evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser. 737 85

Patients with sickle cell disease often develop acute chest syndrome (ACS). Signs of ACS include chest pain, fever, prostration, and pulmonary opacities. Pneumonia and infarction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Infarction as a result of microvascular occlusion and pneumonia are not easily differentiated with chest radiography or ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. The authors evaluated the ability of thin section (3-mm) chest computed tomography (CT) to help diagnose microvascular occlusion in ACS and thus help differentiate two of its most likely causes. CT scans of the chest of 10 patients with moderate to severe ACS were retrospectively reviewed by two observers, who listed the number of bronchopulmonary segments showing consolidation; areas of ground-glass attenuation due to early hemorrhagic edema; and paucity or absence of small vessels, arterioles, and venules. In all patients, the degree of hypoxia was out of proportion to the extent of consolidation evident at chest radiography. The CT scans showed microvascular occlusion and areas of ground-glass attenuation in nine patients. Infection was ruled out in eight patients. High-resolution CT may play an important role in the initial evaluation and timely selection of an appropriate treatment regimen aimed at improving tissue perfusion, thus forestalling irreversible organ damage and chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease.
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PMID:Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: CT evidence of microvascular occlusion. 845 35

Primary varicella-zoster infection is very common during childhood and few patients develop complications. The most frequent complications are bacterial infection of the lesions, laryngitis and varicella pneumonia. In the nervous system it can produce encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. We describe a case of primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis in a 5-year-old girl with mental retardation, microcephalia and mild diplegia who, in the context of varicella infection, presented extreme muscular weakness and prostration. Blood and urine tests showed high creatine phosphokinase concentrations and myoglobinuria. The patient received aggressive intravenous hydration. Evolution was favorable with no renal failure. Rhabdomyolysis can produce life-threatening complications such as renal failure, intravascular disseminated coagulation and hyperkaliemia. The disease can be precipitated by alcohol ingestion, compression injury and generalized seizures. Infectious etiology is less common. Few reports have been published on primary varicella-zoster induced rhabdomyolysis but, because creatine phosphokinase concentrations are not routinely performed in varicella infection, very mild cases might have been under-diagnosed. Despite its rarity, this disease should be considered in cases of infection, since early treatment with hyperhydration can prevent complications.
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PMID:[Varicella induced rhabdomyolysis]. 1157 48

A 6-year-old female pony died after 2 days of prostration. Clinical signs included hyperthermia and abnormal pulmonary auscultation sounds. Necropsy revealed diffuse severe necrohaemorrhagic colitis and splenitis, multiple visceral ecchymoses, petechial haemorrhages in the brain and lungs. Microscopical examination showed acute necrohaemorrhagic colitis, encephalitis, pneumonia and splenitis associated with fibrinoid vasculitis, thrombosis and fungal hyphae within and around vessels. Immunohistologically, concomitant aspergillosis (caused by Aspergillus fumigatus) and mucormycosis (causde by Absidia corymbifera) were identified in the colonic and pulmonary lesions, whereas pure mucormycosis was observed in cerebral and splenic lesions. Dual mycotic infections are very rarely described, and the present case emphasizes the need of immunohistochemistry in order to obtain a clear-cut diagnosis of mixed fungal infections.
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PMID:Disseminated acute concomitant aspergillosis and mucormycosis in a pony. 1583 42

A swine influenza virus (H(1)N(1)) was isolated for the first time in Ontario from pigs one week to one and one-half years old during an epizootic which occurred between January and May 1981. Each herd outbreak was characterized by the sudden onset of marked respiratory distress, usually affecting the entire herd, accompanied by paroxysmal coughing, anorexia, prostration and temperatures as high as 41.5 degrees C and lasting for five to seven days. Morbidity was nearly 100%; mortality was less than 1%.Hematology, bacteriology and postmortem studies were conducted on 18 pigs from 11 farms. A lymphopenia and acute hematological inflammatory cellular responses characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift, hyperfibrinogenemia and a decreased plasma protein: fibrinogen ratio were found in 50% of the pigs. The cranial lobes of the lung were collapsed and red due to a bilateral cranioventral pneumonia which affected the cranial, middle, accessory and cranioventral aspects of the caudal lobes. Histologically, there was a necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with a neutrophilic cellular exudate. Pasteurella multocida was the species of bacterium most frequently isolated from the lung; however, mixed cultures of P. multocida frequently combined with Corynebacterium pyogenes and other species were usually identified in the lung and other organs of pigs submitted dead.
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PMID:An epizootic of Swine influenza in ontario. 1742 66

Two eight week old purebred female Bull Terrier puppies died within 24 hours of each other as a result of a septicemia caused by Salmonella dublin. The salient clinical features were: temperature of 41 degrees C; rapid breathing; fluid, blood-stained stools; prostration and death. Pathological findings included embolic pneumonia, splenitis, myocarditis, nephritis and meningoencephalitis. Salmonella dublin was isolated from the spleen, lung and kidneys of both puppies.
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PMID:Salmonella dublin Septicemia in Two Puppies. 1742 41

Twelve normal monkeys inoculated on the mucous membranes of the nose or nose and mouth with a strain of Bacillus influenzae; originally isolated in pure culture from the pleural exudate of a case of empyema following influenzal pneumonia in man and subsequently raised in virulence by animal passage, developed an acute self-limited respiratory disease of from 3 to 5 days duration, characterized by sudden onset with profound prostration, the development of rhinitis and tracheobronchitis, with sneezing, cough, and the outpouring of a scanty mucoid, or mucopurulent exudate, a variable febrile reaction, and either a leucopenia or no significant change in the leucocyte count. This disease was complicated in five instances by purulent sinusitis of one or both antra, in three by bronchopneumonia. Bacillus influenzae was recovered at autopsy from the lesions of the disease either in pure culture or in association with organisms that are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract of monkeys. Of ten normal monkeys injected intratracheally with the same strain of Bacillus influenzae, seven developed bronchopneumonia, two developed tracheobronchitis without pneumonia, and one resisted infection. The general symptoms and duration of the disease were similar to those of the preceding group. There were a severe cough and accelerated respirations. Bacillus influenzae was recovered in pure culture from the lungs, bronchi, or trachea in the animals killed during the active stage of the disease. It disappeared promptly from the respiratory tract with recovery. The significance of the first series of experiments in which monkeys were inoculated in the upper respiratory tract is twofold. First, they establish the fact that Bacillus influenzae can initiate in monkeys an acute infection of the normal mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract; that is, it can act as a primary incitant of respiratory infection without the assistance of a preceding or concomitant contributing cause. In this respect it differs radically from the pneumococcus and Streptococcus haemolyticus, since experiments previously reported(2, 4) have shown that neither of these organisms possesses the property of initiating an infection of the normal mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract of monkeys, even though the strains used were incalculably more virulent for monkeys than the strain of Bacillus influenzae used in the foregoing experiments. Secondly, the experiments show that Bacillus influenzae infection of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract may spread by continuity to the paranasal sinuses, setting up an acute sinusitis, that it spreads readily to the lower respiratory tract, producing a tracheobronchitis and permitting the ready invasion of secondary bacteria, and that it may penetrate as far as the terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, atria, and alveoli, there setting up a bronchiolitis and true bronchopneumonia. In these respects it likewise differs radically from the pneumococcus and Streptococcus haemolyticus which do not possess these pathogenic properties as previous experiments have shown.(2, 4) The bearing of these facts on the possible etiologic relation of Bacillus influenzae to influenza is important, since they show that Bacillus influenzae possesses certain definite primary pathogenic properties which distinguish it and therefore separate it from the group of recognized secondary organisms in influenzal complications, of which the pneumococcus and the streptococcus are the most frequent. The possible etiologic relation of Bacillus influenzae to influenza is further supported by the character of the respiratory disease that occurred in the monkeys. The sudden onset with profound prostration, the absence of leucocytosis or often a leucopenia, the congestion of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, the development on the 2nd or 3rd day of an irritative cough due to an inflammatory tracheitis or tracheobronchitis, the brief self-limited course of the infection, and the irregular febrile reactions are all characteristic of influenza. Many of these symptoms were in striking contrast with the symptoms and course of pneumococcus or streptococcus infections in monkeys in which there were no prostration at onset, invariable leucocytosis, and infrequent cough developing only late in the disease. While all the above features of the disease produced in monkeys are characteristic of influenza in man, none are pathognomonic and, in fact, it is doubtful whether uncomplicated influenza possesses any pathognomonic features by which it may be diagnosed certainly in the absence of an epidemic. Even during epidemic times many respiratory infections arise which, though presumably influenza, it is impossible to diagnose as such with certainty. Nor does pathology help in this respect, since there would appear to be no established distinctive lesions of uncomplicated influenza in man, nor for that matter of the complications of influenza, apart from the complications which have been ascribed by Pfeiffer,(5) MacCallum,(6) Wolbach,(7) and others to infection with Bacillus influenzae because of the association of Bacillus influenzae in pure culture with these complications. For these reasons, although the disease produced in monkeys appears to be essentially identical with influenza in man with respect to its clinical course and complications, it is impossible to determine certainly whether it is actually so. The experiments are advanced, therefore, as evidence in favor of the etiologic relation of Bacillus influenzae to influenza, though they do not permit of a definite conclusion in this respect. Their bearing upon the relation of Bacillus influenzae to certain of the complications of influenza would appear to be reasonably conclusive. The recovery of Bacillus influenzae in pure culture at autopsy from the antra, from the trachea and bronchi, and from the lungs in some of the animals developing sinusitis, bronchiolitis, and a characteristic type of bronchopneumonia confirms by animal experiment the etiologic relation of Bacillus influenzae to these complications of influenza, which hitherto has rested solely upon the frequent association of the influenza bacillus with these lesions in man. The production of tracheobronchitis and the same type of bronchopneumonia by the intratracheal injection of Bacillus influenzae in the second series of experiments serves as additional confirmation of this, but has no direct bearing on the etiologic relation of Bacillus influenzae to uncomplicated influenzae.
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PMID:STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA : IX. PRODUCTION IN MONKEYS OF AN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE RESEMBLING INFLUENZA BY INOCULATION WITH BACILLUS INFLUENZAE. 1986 70

Abstract Two cases are presented with diseases considered to be atypical measles as described by Fulginiti and Kempe. Two siblings, 8 and 9 years old, received measles vaccine in 1963 according to a schedule of 2 injections of killed vaccine 1 month apart followed by 1 injection of live vaccine. In 1967 they contracted natural measles infection and developed a serious illness with high fever, exanthem, pneumonia and prostration. The patients recovered within 2 weeks. One patient has persistent infiltration in his left lung as revealed by X-ray examination. The diagnoses were substantiated epidemiologically and confirmed serologically.
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PMID:Atypical measles after vaccination with killed vaccine. 2560 73

An adult Angus cow developed hyperthermia, prostration, and respiratory distress, dying 36 hours after the onset of clinical signs. The main finding during postmortem examination was a severe focally extensive pneumonia. Icterus and a chronic mastitis were also noticed. Histologic examination of the lungs detected fibrinonecrotic pneumonia, with large number of oat cells and intralesional Gram-negative bacterial colonies. Samples from lung lesions were collected, and a pure growth of Escherichia fergusonii was obtained. E. fergusonii is a member of Enterobacteriaceae, related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. In veterinary medicine, E. fergusonii has been reported in calves and sheep with clinical cases suggestive of salmonellosis; in a horse and a goat with enteritis and septicemia; and in ostriches with fibrinonecrotic typhlitis. To our knowledge, this report represents the first description of E. fergusonii associated with an acute pneumonia in cattle.
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PMID:Escherichia fergusonii Associated with Pneumonia in a Beef Cow. 2646 12

We herein report the case of a patient presenting with myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) who underwent treatment with surgery, proton beam therapy (PBT), and pazopanib. A 64-year-old male was diagnosed with MFS, which ranged from the posterior neck to the shoulder. Surgery was performed as an initial treatment; however, the primary tumor recurred 83 months after the initial treatment. We, therefore, administered PBT. Although most of the recurrent tumor disappeared after PBT, multiple lung metastases were identified 3 months after the completion of PBT. We initiated antiangiogenic treatment with pazopanib. Although long-term survival was achieved with the treatments, the patient suffered from a skin ulcer and soft tissue necrosis and eventually died of general prostration caused by infection, and complicated by pneumonia. Although PBT and pazopanib were effective for treating the local recurrence and lung metastases of MFS, respectively, clinicians must be cognizant of the fact that the combination of high-dose irradiation and angiogenesis inhibitors, even in nonconcurrent cases, can result in a severe skin ulcer and soft tissue necrosis.
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PMID:An unexpected skin ulcer and soft tissue necrosis after the nonconcurrent combination of proton beam therapy and pazopanib: A case of myxofibrosarcoma. 2752 16


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