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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pathologic findings in two patients with no previous history of atopic affections were apical pulmonary infiltration, a marked general syndrome with altered general state and hyperthermia, a productive cough, and a circulating eosinophilia. Clinical manifestations and the particular radiographic images of homogeneous condensation of the two apices in the form of "helmet crests", together with the typical course during corticoid treatment and histopathologic findings in one case, established a diagnosis of chronic eosinophil pneumonia. The principal characteristics of this affection, as exemplified by these two cases, are analyzed.
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PMID:[Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Apropos of 2 cases]. 687 14

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that formaldehyde be considered a potential occupational carcinogen and that appropriate measures be taken to reduce worker exposure. It is a colorless, flammable gas with a strong pungent odor. It is an important industrial chemical of major commercial use and is found throughout the environment. Formaldehyde is usually manufactured by reacting methanol vapor and air over a catalyst, and is sold mainly as an aqueous solution. 1/2 of the formaldehyde produced is in turn used to produce synthetic resins which are primarily used as adhesives. Its widespread use is due to its high reactivity, colorlessness, purity in commercial form, and low cost. Various products made with or containing formaldehyde are listed in a table. NIOSH estimated that 1.6 million workers were exposed to formaldehyde in a 2-year period (1972-74), and of these workers, 57,000 workers were exposed for 4 or more hours/day. The occupational groups exposed to formaldehyde are listed in Appendix 1. It was recommended by NIOSH in 1976 that employee exposure to formaldehyde in the work environment be no greater than 1.2 mg/cubic meter of air (1 ppm) for any 30-minute sampling period. This was prior to knowledge about the carcinogenic potential which was first reported in October 8, 1979, based on laboratory animal studies. Formaldehyde was carcinogenic in rats exposed to 15 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 16 months. Formaldehyde caused nasal cancer in these rats. Epidemiologic studies conducted to date do not permit a definitive evaluation of the carcinogenic risk to humans. However, a panel of scientists concluded that it would be wise to consider formaldehyde as posing a carcinogenic risk to humans. In addition, it has been known to be mutagenic. Other health effects include burning of the eyes, irritation to upper respiratory passages, pneumonitis, wheezing, productive cough, and dermatitis. NIOSH recommends that formaldehyde be handled in the workplace as a potential occupational carcinogen. Exposure to it should be decreased to reduce the probability of developing cancer. Appendices contain guidelines for minimizing worker exposure to formaldehyde, formaldehyde concentrations by industry, and a list of major formaldehyde manufacturers.
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PMID:Formaldehyde: evidence of carcinogenicity. 701 9

Two patients under long-term surveillance showed the similar clinical features of low-grade fever, scanty productive cough, progressive dyspnea, and roentgenologic findings of lung infiltrates. Both patients responded only to systemic corticosteroid therapy and suffered relapses when it was discontinued. In one patient, who was found to be IgA-deficient, the pulmonary disease followed an episode of subacute thyroiditis; in this patient the intake of cephalosporin and subsequent rechallenge with the drug aggravated the disease. Needle biopsies in both patients showed the features of organizing intra-alveolar pneumonia. The histopathologic findings and their relation to the clinical symptoms are discussed.
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PMID:Organizing pneumonia-like process: an unusual observation in steroid responsive cases with features of chronic interstitial pneumonia. 727 75

Influenza infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, but its importance in adult cancer patients is largely undescribed. We therefore conducted a prospective study of the incidence and clinical features of influenza infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. The cohort, which consisted of all adult leukemia patients undergoing remission-induction chemotherapy during the 1991-1992 influenza epidemic, was followed prospectively for development of signs and symptoms of acute infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Of these 294 patients, 111 received chemotherapy as inpatients and 183 as outpatients. Throat swabs and nasal washes for viral culture were obtained from all symptomatic patients, who were then followed until all signs and symptoms resolved. Symptoms of respiratory tract infection developed in 37 leukemia patients (13%). Among these, influenza (A/Beijing/ H3N2) caused 3 (21%) of the 14 infections that developed during hospitalization but only 1 (4%) of the 23 that developed in the community (P = 0.14). Influenza patients presented with fever, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, headache, and myalgia; those with other infections presented with signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (productive cough, rales, or rhonchi). Development of pneumonia was common in influenza patients, 1 of whom died from secondary fungal and gram-negative pneumonia. Influenza A virus infections accounted for a substantial portion of acute respiratory infections among adult leukemia patients during a community epidemic. Most infections appeared to be nosocomial and the most likely sources were visitors or hospital personnel. Immunization of household contacts and hospital staff may reduce the risk of influenza infection and its pulmonary complications in leukemia patients.
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PMID:Epidemiology of influenza A virus infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia. 765 81

A case of pulmonary tuberculosis manifested as infected bulla complicating with tuberculous pneumonia is reported. A 63-year-old male visited our hospital because of chest X-ray abnormality detected by his home doctor. He complained of pyrexia and productive cough. Chest X-ray showed large bulla with air-fluid level, associated with surrounding infiltration at right upper lobe. On the diagnosis of infected bulla empirical antibiotic therapy was started on out-patient basis and continued after admission, but chest X-ray findings worsened, although subjective symptoms were once relieved. Surgical intervention was recommended, but after short interval pulmonary infiltrates rapidly worsened and expanded to other lobes. Sputum was reexamined and Mycobacterium, later proved as Mycobacterium tuberculosis with DNA probe method, was detected in the sputum specimen. Anti-mycobacterial drugs were administered and subjective symptoms, laboratory, and chest X-ray findings improved. Infected bulla caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare, but when it is resistant to common empirical therapy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be considered as one of its causative agents.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with infected bulla]. 776 May 40

We describe the first known case of pneumonia caused by a mucoid Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Xanthomonas maltophilia) strain in a patient with bronchiectasis. The patient was admitted because of mild hemoptysis and productive cough with infiltrative shadow in the right lower lung field on chest X ray. The clinical symptoms were mild, and treatment with minocycline was effective.
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PMID:Pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a mucoid phenotype. 785 87

A 70-year-old woman was admitted for productive cough and infiltrative shadows in the right lower lung field on chest X-ray film. Eosinophilia (17%) in blood, an abnormally high percentage of eosinophiles (7%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and eosinophilic infiltration with proliferated goblet cells in transbronchial lung biopsy specimens led to the diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia. Laboratory data on admission also revealed a high level of CEA (17.1 ng/ml) in serum. After administration of prednisolone (30 mg/day), the symptoms ameliorated and the CEA levels were normalized. The proliferated goblet cells were immunohistochemically positive for CEA, which suggests that the high levels of CEA were caused by excessive CEA secretion from the goblet cells associated with eosinophilic pneumonia. These studies showed that serum CEA also may be a marker for disease activity in eosinophilic pneumonia.
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PMID:[A case of eosinophilic pneumonia with elevated levels of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA)]. 785 78

Airway obstruction due to oppression by the right aortic arch is relatively common in the newborn, but has never been reported in the adult. We reported an aged case of right main bronchial stenosis due to the oppression by the right aortic arch, performed successful bronchodilatation using the stent. A 92-year-old male complained of fever and productive cough and hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Close examinations revealed that his right main bronchus was stenotic due to oppression by the right aortic arch. Bronchodilatation was performed successfully using a Gianuturco-type expandable metallic stent. No endoluminal stenosis was found during 12 months follow up. For the treatment of bronchial deformity by the extrabronchial oppression, implantation of the Gianturco-type expandable metallic stent is considered to be very useful method.
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PMID:[An adult case of bronchodilation using stents for right aortic arch]. 786 Oct 72

We report a case of minocycline-induced pneumonitis. A 30-year-old woman was treated with minocycline for mycoplasma pneumonia of the right upper lobe. About 15 days after starting treatment, she developed a productive cough, stridor, and dyspnea. The chest X-ray film showed pulmonary infiltration in the left middle lung field. Based on the clinical history and the detection of eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar fluid, drug-induced pneumonitis was suspected. Treatment with minocycline was discontinued and prednisolone (20 mg/day) was started, after which her symptoms subsided and there was marked regression of the pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray films. The lymphocyte stimulation test for minocycline was negative, but the diagnosis was confirmed by a positive oral provocation test.
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PMID:[A case of minocycline-induced pneumonitis with bronchial asthma]. 796 42

Hospital admission rates for asthma in the 5 to 14 yr age group are three times higher in Fiji Indians than in Melanesian Fijians. Conversely, admission rates for pneumonia are three times higher for Fijians than Indians. To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and atopy, a questionnaire in three languages was distributed to 2,173 Suva City school children (mean age 9.6 yr), half of whom were sampled for histamine inhalation and skin-prick allergen tests. Prevalence of wheeze in the previous 12 mo was identical in both ethnic groups (20.6%). Productive cough was more common in Fijians (29%) than Indians (17%, p < 0.0001). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was twice as common in Indians (30%) as Fijians (15%), relative risk 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 to 2.8), p < 0.0001. The combination of current wheeze and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was found in nearly three times as many Indian children (11.3%) as Fijians (4.0%), and the mean bronchial dose-response slope to histamine was steeper in Indians than Fijians. Prevalence of atopy was similar in Fijians (36%) and Indians (38%). Wheeze was significantly associated with atopy and a steeper dose-response slope to histamine, but productive cough was not. Indians may have more severe asthma than Fijians due to genetic or environmental factors acting independently of atopy. The higher prevalence of productive cough in Fijians is consistent with a greater burden of respiratory infection, and is associated with domestic crowding.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and atopy in Fijian and Indian children. 804 24


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