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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between January 1981 and December 1990, 41 patients were operated on for hepatic hydatid disease, representing 18% of the overall surgery for liver disease performed in our institution during the same period of time. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 years (range 17-71 years), 24 were females and 17 males. The most common clinical sign was abdominal pain (59%) with 3 patients jaundiced at the time of admission. 2 patients suffered from acute rightsided pneumonia, one of them with a very important productive cough due to bronchial perforation of the hydatid cyst of the liver. One patient was admitted due to anaphylactic shock with collapse. For 14 patients (34%) the discovery of the disease was casual, either by clinical hepatomegaly or by X-ray investigations performed for other reasons. We performed 18 pericystectomies, 4 subtotal pericystectomies and 16 liver resections. Only 3 patients were treated by partial cystectomy with removal of the prominent part of the cyst. Several other surgical procedures were performed concomitantly, including 2 pulmonary lobectomies, 1 cystojejunostomy, and pericystectomies for other hepatic or extrahepatic localizations of hydatid cysts. Rupture of the cyst into the bile duct was diagnosed in 13 patients. One patient presented with a peritoneal rupture of the cyst and 2 patients had a fistula through the diaphragm into the pleural cavity. Our postoperative morbidity is acceptable (10 patients, 25%). A bilioma and a biliary leak were successfully treated by percutaneous drainage, a postoperative hemorrhage required surgical treatment, four patients experienced pulmonary complications and the three others minor wound abscesses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of hepatic hydatidosis]. 192 52

Primary ciliary dyskinesia represents a group of heritable disorders of cilia and sperm affecting between 1 in 15,000 and 1 in 30,000 persons. Those affected lack measurable mucociliary clearance and suffer the constant misery of rhinorrhea and chronic productive cough. Because mucociliary clearance constitutes one of the respiratory system's major lines of defense, these patients are vulnerable to chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and otitis media. Left untreated, these problems may progress to bronchiectasis, found frequently in adult patients, or pulmonary hypertension with eventual cor pulmonale. Screening for this disorder includes some simple and inexpensive methods as well as more exotic techniques requiring special camera equipment and an electron microscope to make a definitive diagnosis. Physiotherapy techniques can be taught to patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and go a long way toward making up for the lack of mucociliary clearance. Vigorous bronchopulmonary toilet and palliative measures may enable these patients to enjoy relatively normal lives.
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PMID:Primary ciliary dyskinesia. 194 76

An analysis of 500 consecutive pulmonary tuberculosis cases shows that lower lungfield tuberculosis occurs in 6.8 percent of the negroid population studied and therefore shows no racial predelection. The ratio of female to male involvement was 3:1. A clear association with young women and with pregnancy with or without other infections was demonstrated. Affected men were in the much older age group. Some association with diabetes and heart failure were also observed. The initial diagnosis of most of these patients was basal pneumonia or lung abscess. Therefore, the most useful clinical pointers were productive cough with or without haemoptysis unresponsive to various conventional antibiotics. The right base was most favoured and cavitation with fluid levels were frequent. We believe that the aetiological factors would include stress as could occur with pregnancies and poor basal tissue oxygenation due to diminished basal expansion in abdominal distension or cardiac failure.
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PMID:Lower lungfield tuberculosis in a rural African population. 206 90

On well defined criteria a total of 102 fiberoptic bronchoscopies (FB) were done on HIV-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. A microbiological agent was identified in 85 patients (83%). Pneumocystis carinii (PC) was histologically verified in 61 patients, bacteria cultured in 22 patients, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) cultured in 17 patients. A histological diagnosis of CMV was only established in 2/17 patients. In the present study, a CMV positive culture from bronchial lavage fluid did not appear related to the clinical picture. Patients with P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) had significantly higher IgA, lower CD4-count, more commonly dyspnea and an X-ray showing diffuse interstitial infiltration than patients without PCP. Patients with bacterial pneumonia had significantly higher CD4-count, lower IgA, more commonly productive cough and an X-ray showing focal infiltration. In more than 75% of the patients, microorganisms identified were responsible for the pulmonary symptoms leading to bronchoscopy. Mainly PC and bacterial pathogens, both of which are treatable, were responsible for these infections. Pulmonary infections of clinical relevance besides PCP and bacterial infections were rare (3%, 95% confidence limit 1-8%).
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PMID:Pulmonary pathogens in HIV-infected patients. 217 Nov 38

Bronchiectasis has come to be considered as a type of sinobronchial syndrome in Japan, but there exist some cases without chronic sinusitis. We studied the clinical features of 14 cases of bronchiectasis with definitely normal paranasal sinus roentgenogram, diagnosed during the past ten years. There were eleven middle-aged women and three men. Ten patients (71%) complained of hemoptysis, one (7%) of dry cough, one (7%) of productive cough, and the two (14%) had no complaint. In seven patients (50%) CT and bronchography showed localized cylindrical bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe and/or left upper lobe lingular division. They were considered to be middle lobe lingular syndrome. Three patients (22%) with localized varicose or cystic bronchiectasis had a history of pneumonia or pertussis in their infancy, so their bronchiectasis were considered secondary to infantile bronchopulmonary disease. Two patients (14%) had diffuse cystic bronchiectasis and were almost asymptomatic. They might be cases congenital bronchiectasis or Williams-Campbell syndrome. Pulmonary function tests were normal in most of the cases and sputum culture revealed no cases of persistent bacterial infection. These clinical features are quite different from those of bronchiectasis reported as sinobronchial syndrome, in which chronic productive cough, poor pulmonary function, persistent bacterial infection, etc. are significant. So we conclude that there are two distinct groups in bronchiectasis.
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PMID:[Bronchiectasis with normal paranasal sinus roentgenogram]. 221 98

A 49-year-old woman visited our hospital for further examination of abnormal lung shadows in September 1984. She had suffered from pneumonia at the age of 3 years and had been treated for bronchial asthma until the age of 15. Many thin-wall cystic shadows were seen on her chest X-ray film in 1983. In July 1984, a mass-like lesion with a meniscus sign appeared in one of the cystic shadows. The number and the size of similar lesions increased with worsening of productive cough. An infiltrative shadow was recognized in the left lower lobe in September 1987 and January 1988, but was resolved by treatment by ofloxacin. Frequent bacterial examinations of sputum and bronchial secretions revealed numerous Pseudomonas aeruginosa but no fungi. Serum antibody to Aspergillus fumigatus was negative and antifungal therapy was not effective. Bronchography showed many cystic dilated bronchi, which ballooned during inspiration and collapsed with expiration. The peripheral bronchi seemed to be normal. These findings along with her clinical course led us to make a diagnosis of Williams-Campbell syndrome. The mass-like shadows were considered to have arisen from viscid secretions that were rendered round by the characteristic movement of the ectatic bronchi.
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PMID:[Williams-Campbell syndrome complicated by multiple meniscus signs in an adult case; is it a characteristic finding?]. 223 75

Pleural aspergillosis is not a common disease and we recently experienced a case of Aspergillus empyema with bronchopleural fistula. A 76 year-old man was admitted to our hospital with productive cough and fever. Chest X-ray films showed infiltration in the right lower and left middle field and rather lucent area (clearing) in the right lower lung. Antibiotic therapy was administered but no improvement was obtained. Chest CT scan and right bronchography revealed empyema in the right back portion and bronchopleural fistula in the right lower lobe. Needle aspiration biopsy was performed and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from pus. A diagnosis of Aspergillus empyema with bronchopleural fistula was made. We began intrapleural administration of miconazole and empyema was improved partially. For the complete treatment, right lower lobectomy and decortication were performed, but unfortunately he died of acute pneumonia 16 days after operation.
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PMID:[A case of Aspergillus empyema with bronchopleural fistula]. 229 Feb 34

A retrospective chart review of 1120 antepartum admissions revealed the prevalence of antepartum pneumonia rose to 1 per 367 deliveries. A total of 26 cases in 9560 deliveries were identified with criteria of fever greater than 39 degrees C, productive cough, and radiologic findings of infiltrates or consolidation. Pregnancy-related outcome variables studied were prevalence of preterm labor or birth, birth weight, and trimester of occurrence. Pneumonia characteristics studied were rate and type of organisms recovered, seasonality, and severity of the illness and radiologic findings. Exposure variables relating to the development of pneumonia studied were underlying medical conditions, hematocrit, human immunodeficiency virus status, and drug use. Birth weight, hematocrit, human immunodeficiency virus status, and drug use were compared with a randomly selected sample of women drawn from the general population delivered of infants during the study time period. One patient experienced preterm delivery, which occurred 1 month after cure of pneumonia. Birth weight was significantly lower in the study group (2770 +/- 224 gm versus 3173 +/- 99 gm, p less than 0.01). The most common organism recovered was Streptococcus pneumoniae. A total of 42% of patients had multilobar involvement and two required intubation. Cocaine use (52% in the study group versus 10% in the general population, p less than 0.01) and human immunodeficiency virus positivity (24% in the study group versus 2% in the general population, p less than 0.01) were significant risk factors for antepartum pneumonia.
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PMID:Risk factors associated with the increasing prevalence of pneumonia during pregnancy. 240 78

A case of a 53-year-old man who developed acute pneumonitis after bleomycin and moderate oxygen administration is presented. The patient received bleomycin 189 U over five days for preoperative control of a squamous cell carcinoma of the right tongue and tonsil. Surgery to remove the remaining tumor was performed 19 days later. The highest intraoperative oxygen concentration was 33 percent, but 40 percent oxygen was administered for four days postoperatively. He became febrile and developed a productive cough and pulmonary infiltrates on postoperative day 4. Despite antibiotic therapy, his pulmonary function deteriorated and 100 percent oxygen was required to maintain adequate oxygenation. He sustained a myocardial infarction on postoperative day 7 and progressively deteriorated and expired five days later. Autopsy findings were consistent with bleomycin and oxygen-induced pulmonary damage. Oxygen potentiation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity is discussed.
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PMID:Bleomycin pneumonitis potentiated by oxygen administration. 241

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with abnormalities of humoral immunity that result in an increased incidence of bacterial pneumonia. From 2% to 10% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated pneumonia is caused by encapsulated bacteria. Clinical features are usually typical of community-acquired pneumonia and include fever, productive cough, and chest pain. Focal radiographic infiltrates, an elevated WBC count, and mild hypoxemia are commonly observed. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilis influenzae, other Streptococcus species, and Branhamella catarrhalis are the predominant organisms. Bacteremia is frequent, especially with S pneumoniae infections. Despite a rapid response to antibmicrobial agents, many patients experience recurrences. Prevention of bacterial infections with prophylactic antibiotics and immunizations is recommended for selected HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Bacterial pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 250 46


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