Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in adults area described. In both patients, the clinical picture of the adult respiratory distress syndrome, with marked tachypnoea. hypoxaemia and bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, was present. One patient had systemic lupus erythematosus, while the other had chronic obstructive lung disease and was a heavy drinker of alcohol. Both patients survived and recovered after a prolonged stay in hospital.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in adults. 683 64

We examined the effect of cold vagal block on the functional residual lung capacity (FRC) in control rats and in rats with experimental pneumonia induced by intratracheal administration of the herbicide paraquat. The measurements were performed in a body plethysmograph in anaesthetized and intubated rats. Rats with pneumonia had tachypnoea and increased minute ventilation. Their FRC was 3.6 +/- 0.7 ml in comparison with 2.5 +/- 0.6 ml in controls (mean +/- SD). Cooling the cervical vagi, so that the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex was abolished (approximately 8 degrees C), resulted in a marked decrease of the rate of breathing and an increase of tidal volume in both groups of animals. The value of FRC did not change during vagal cooling (3.7 +/- 0.9 ml in rats with pneumonia, 2.8 +/- 0.8 ml in controls). In rats with model pneumonia, bilateral cervical vagotomy was followed by a normalization of the FRC (2.3 +/- 0.7 ml). In control animals, the FRC did not change after vagotomy (2.5 +/- 0.6 ml). We conclude that increased FRC in rats with paraquat pneumonia depends on intact conduction through thin, slowly conducting vagal fibres.
 ...
PMID:Effect of vagal cooling on lung functional residual capacity in rats with pneumonia. 685 Jan 43

To assess the value of routine chest radiography during acute first attacks of asthma, we studied 371 consecutive children over one year of age who presented with an initial episode of wheezing. Three hundred fifty children (94.3 per cent) had radiographic findings that were compatible with uncomplicated asthma and were considered negative. Twenty-one (5.7 per cent) had positive findings: atelectasis and pneumonia were noted in seven, segmental atelectasis in six, pneumonia in five, multiple areas of subsegmental atelectasis in two, and pneumomediastinum in one. The patients with positive films were more likely to have a respiratory rate above 60 or a pulse rate above 160 (P less than 0.001), localized rales or localized decreased breath sounds before treatment (P less than 0.01), and localized rales (P less than 0.005) and localized wheezing (P less than 0.02) after treatment; also, these patients were admitted to the hospital more often (P less than 0.001). Ninety-five per cent (20 of 21) of the children with positive films could be identified before treatment on the basis of a combination of tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, and localized rales or localized decreased breath sounds. Most first-time wheezers will not have positive radiographs; careful clinical evaluation should reveal which patients will have abnormal radiographs and will therefore benefit from the procedure.
 ...
PMID:The usefulness of chest radiographs in first asthma attacks. 686 69

Of 67 infants enrolled in a prospective study of infant pneumonia ten (14%) had evidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection. Diagnosis was achieved by demonstrating circulating P carinii antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in all ten cases and by histopathology in the only infant who underwent an open lung biopsy. Antigenemia did not occur in 64 control infants (P = .003), nor in 57 patients of similar age who were hospitalized with pneumonitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis, respiratory syncytial virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, and influenza A and influenza B viruses. None of the ten infants with P carinii pneumonitis had evidence of a primary immunodeficiency nor had any received immunosuppressive medication. These patients were hospitalized at a mean age of 6 weeks (range 2 to 12) and their illness was characterized by its afebrile course, presentation in crisis with severe respiratory distress, apnea, tachypnea, cough, increased IgM, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with hyperaeration. The clinical features of P carinii pneumonitis were indistinguishable from those of C trachomatis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated wtih rapid disappearance of circulating antigens; however, the small number of patients studied did not permit an analysis of its clinical efficacy. These results indicate that P carinii singly or in combination with other infectious agents may be an important cause of pneumonitis in young, immunocompetent infants with no underlying illnesses.
 ...
PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in young immunocompetent infants. 696 88

We have prospectively treated 36 patients with flail chest using a treatment protocol for limited use of mechanical ventilation. Age of the patients ranged from 6 months to 83 years. Patients were divided into three groups dependent upon their clinical presentation and need for respiratory support: Group I patients had severe pulmonary dysfunction-tachypnea, dyspnea, arterial PO2 less than or equal to 60 torr, arterial PCO2 greater than or equal to 50 torr or shunt fraction greater than or equal to 25%. Group II patients had no pulmonary dysfunction but did require temporary respirator support for an associated injury. Group III patients had no pulmonary dysfunction. Thirteen patients were assigned to Group I. They required respiratory support for an average of 10.5 days; 11 of the 13 had complications, and there were two deaths in this group resulting from a combination of respiratory failure and myocardial infarction. Seven patients were assigned to Group II. six patients were extubated immediately postoperatively; one patient with a head injury was hyperventilated for 48 hours to reduce intracranial pressure and then extubated. Sixteen patients were assigned to Group III. Fifteen required no ventilatory support. One 83-year-old man developed pneumonia and was mechanically ventilated for 31 days. Early effective pain control and chest physiotherapy were critical to success and were used in all patients. Increase in respiratory rate, fall in tidal volume or vital capacity, and increased pain were used as criteria for administration of analgesia. Nonventilatory therapy of flail chest reduces morbidity, mortality, and hospital cost.
 ...
PMID:Selective use of ventilator therapy in flail chest injury. 700 49

To develop criteria for a more efficient approach to the ordering of chest roentgenograms, patients with fever or respiratory symptoms who were being evaluated with this diagnostic test were prospectively monitored. During a six-month period, residents working in a pediatric emergency room collected data on 136 children, 3 months to 15 years of age. Pneumonia, defined by appropriate abnormal chest roentgenographic findings, occurred in 19 per cent. Of the 29 single symptoms or signs examined, the variable which was the best predictor of pneumonia was tachypnea. In addition, a cluster of pulmonary findings was also a good index, for pneumonia. If these clinical criteria had been applied to the patients under investigation, the number of chest roentgenograms obtained would have been reduced by 30 per cent.
 ...
PMID:Clinical predictors of pneumonia as a guide to ordering chest roentgenograms. 714 Jan 24

The radiologic changes of the chest X-ray of 270 newborns with respiratory distress were analyzed. In cases of Hyaline Membranes the chest X-ray showed finely granular evenly disseminated structures combined with signs of hypoventilation. Localized, patchy, streaky, homogenous and reticulonodular shadows were found in cases of pneumonia and hemorrhage. Hyperinflation were an additional sign for an inflammatory disease. This symptom was also demonstrated in pulmonary bleeding, but was less common. The bilateral interstitial augmentation of the pulmonary structure in combination with cardiomegaly was mainly a symptom for cardial insufficiency and transient tachypnea. The differentiation between fine granular and reticulo-nodular structures should create no problem if the chest X-ray if of good quality. Extrapulmonary air collections were found in a high percentage in the course of artificial ventilation as a consequence of the "baro-trauma." The radiologic diagnosis of BPD was no problem. The value of the chest X-ray lies in the demonstration of a pulmonary cause for the respiratory distress, in the demonstration of complications and in the radiological observation of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Most frequent causes, complications and differential diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress in chest x-ray]. 715 18

An acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. The clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. Some of the calves died. The pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. Interstitial emphysema was also present. Fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; in nine calves the rise was fourfold or greater. Respiratory syncytial virus was not isolated from the calves. There was no evidence of parainfluenza type 3 virus involvement. The adult cows being sucked by the calves remained clinically normal throughout the incident. Six calves examined six weeks after the outbreak started had a chronic cuffing pneumonia characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis; some of the calves also had bronchiolitis obliterans. Mycoplasma dispar was found in two of them.
 ...
PMID:Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 725 27

Transthoracic diaphragmatic plication is a simple and effective means of treatment for phrenic nerve injury and resultant diaphragmatic paralysis, and should be undertaken as soon as the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis is established in a child with substantial respiratory difficulty. Seven of more than 1,500 patients sustained phrenic nerve injury during operation for congenital heart disease at our institution over the past five years. All but 1 patient were less than 5 months old, and the average weight was 3.8 kg. Five of the 7 could not be weaned from the ventilator, and the other 2 had persistent postoperative tachypnea and stridor. Before 1980, 3 patients were intubated for an average of 16 days prior to diagnosis by fluoroscopy. Since then, 4 patients have been intubated for an average of 7.8 days before diagnosis. All 7 underwent transthoracic diaphragmatic plication and were extubated by 6 days after operation (mean, 3.7 days). Six patients survived and are doing well. The 1 death occurred in 1976 in a premature infant with multiple congenital cardiac lesions; diagnosis was delayed until the twenty-eighth day after intubation and transthoracic diaphragmatic plication, until the sixty-second day. This infant died of pneumonia one month after extubation. These data support our policy of establishing an early diagnosis of phrenic nerve injury and early treatment utilizing transthoracic diaphragmatic plication in symptomatic children.
 ...
PMID:Aggressive treatment of acquired phrenic nerve paralysis in infants and small children. 728 17

A report is given of a newborn who developed signs of hepatitis two weeks after a normal birth, and only later respiratory symptoms of pneumonia. The infant had pronounced tachypnea, incresed immunoglobulins, eosinophilia and leucocytosis. X-rays in the initial stages showed interstitial infiltrates with alveolar hyperaeration, and in the later stages patchy alveolar infiltrates. Chlamydia trachomatis was cultured from the tracheal secretion. In making a differential diagnosis in cases of neonatal pneumonia infection with trachomatis must thus also be considered.
 ...
PMID:[Chlamydia trachomatis as pathogen in pneumonia in a newborn infant (author's transl)]. 741 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>