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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Illness associated adenovirus infection is described in 15 immunocompromised patients. Patients were immunocompromised by severe underlying disease, immunosuppressive or corticosteroid therapy or by age (prematurity). Evidence of adenovirus infection was obtained by either viral isolation or, in two cases, characteristic adenovirus inclusion bodies at postmortem study. All clinical illness was associated with high fever (temperature greater than 39 degrees C). Eighty per cent of the patients had severe systemic complaints including malaise, lethargy, fatigue and night sweats; a similar number of gastrointestinal symptoms. Pulmonary complaints were described in 11 of 15 cases and included cough (67 per cent) and tachypnea (53 per cent). Roentgenologic evidence of pneumonia was demonstrated in 12 of 15 patients (80 per cent). Elevation of serum hepatic enzyme levels (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) occurred in eight of 11 patients (73 per cent) and was moderate to severe (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase greater than 450 IU/liter) in five of 11 (45 per cent). Nine patients died; seven after a rapid downhill course and two after a prolonged illness. Evidence of adenovirus infection microscopically by autopsy in the lung, liver or both is demonstrated in four patients with fulminant systemic illness. Adenovirus infection should be considered in the etiology of severe overwhelming illness in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:Adenovirus infection in the immunocompromised patient. 624 99

A subacute pneumonic disease of a young infant is described. Insidious onset, afebrile course, tachypnea, staccato cough, disseminated crepitations on auscultation, signs of infiltration and hyperexpansion on chest X-ray, eosinophilia as well as elevation of immunoglobulin fractions G and M suggested infection with chlamydia trachomatis. Microbiologic investigations, however, documented active infection with cytomegalovirus. Hence these symptoms were either caused by both organisms or constitute a rare monorganic manifestation of connatal cytomegalovirus disease. The syndrome of subacute pneumonia in the young infant might not necessarily depend on the infection with a specific organism.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus in subacute infant pneumonitis (author's transl)]. 627 75

Two commercial live virus infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccines for intranasal administration and an inactivated polyvalent calf pneumonia vaccine were compared for safety and efficacy in calves against experimental IBR infections. All three products were clinically safe for use in young calves; a mild, transient, febrile response was induced by one of the live vaccines. Vaccinal virus was recovered for up to 16 days after vaccination from nasal secretions of all calves given live vaccine. Both live vaccines stimulated a serum neutralising antibody response, but the inactivated vaccine failed to elicit any serological response. Following intranasal challenge four months after the first dose of vaccine, all live virus vaccinates remained systemically healthy. A slight nasal discharge and a few rapidly healing ulcers of the nasal mucosa were the only abnormalities observed. Both the group given the inactivated vaccine and the unvaccinated controls developed clinical IBR with pyrexia, ocular and nasal discharges, severe ulceration of the nasal mucosa and tracheitis and tachypnoea to varying degrees of severity. Parenteral administration of dexamethasone six months after challenge induced reactivation of virus shedding followed by a rise in humoral antibody titre irrespective of the original vaccination history.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of live and inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines. 628 8

Acute lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the less developed countries. Considering the urgent need for rational protocols for the management of these infections in children and how little is known about the clinical signs that might predict the need for antibiotic therapy in a primary health care setting, a prospective study of the clinical signs in 200 paediatric outpatients presenting with a cough, 100 age-matched controls without cough, and 50 children admitted to hospital with pneumonia was carried out.In children with cough, a respiratory rate greater than 40 or 50 per minute (or a qualitative impression of tachypnoea) is probably the best indicator of the need for starting antibiotic treatment by primary health workers. The presence of fever appeared to be a poor guide to the need for antibiotic therapy. The presence of chest indrawing is, however, a reliable indication that a child with cough should be admitted to a health centre or a hospital. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the ability of these clinical signs to predict the course of these infections.
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PMID:Acute lower respiratory tract infections in children: possible criteria for selection of patients for antibiotic therapy and hospital admission. 633 73

The process of adaptation for extrauterine life can be easily disturbed by respiratory insufficiency. The surfactant deficiency as well as anatomical and physiological immaturity of a newborn can be considered as etiological factors in some diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnoea (TT) syndrome, segmental atelectasis or pneumonia complicated by atelectasis. The widespread used method of treatment is based on mechanical increase of difference between alveolar and atmospheric pressure. So-called constant distending pressure (CDP) increases functional residual capacity (FRC), keeps alveoli open and finally increases oxygenation of arterial blood. During 3 years period continuous positive airway pressure by nasal route (n-CPAP) was used as only one method in 26 newborns. The newborns were treated because of RDS (15 cases) and pneumonia with atelectasis (11 cases). n-CPAP was starting with pressure 8 cm H2O (0.8 kPa) and FIO2 0.5, if atelectasis with severe dyspnea, hypoxia and forced hyperventilation were found. This method was very well tolerated. 22 newborns treated for 2-7 days--survived, 4 small-for-date babies--died. The most common cause of death was septicaemia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. The moderate hyperbilirubinemia, oliguria with tissue oedema was observed in many cases. The light nostril decubitus were only complications. No pneumothorax was detected. We found n-CPAP as a simple, safe method in treatment of atelectasis in newborns.
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PMID:[Continuous positive pressure respiration by nasal route (n-CPAP) as a preferred treatment method in various types of acute respiratory insufficiency in newborn infants]. 637 92

Pneumonic pasteurellosis has been reproduced in conventional, weaned, Friesian-cross calves using a strain of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 1 (P haemolytica A1) isolated from a pathologically confirmed incident of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. The major clinical findings were pyrexia, hyperpnoea, tachypnoea, nasal discharge and reduced appetite. Fibrinous pneumonia was present in the lungs of animals at necropsy on days 2 and 3 after initial infection while by days 9 and 10 after initial infection many of the areas of fibrinous pneumonia were confined by a fibrous capsule forming well defined nodules. During the experiment natural transmission of the infecting strain of P haemolytica A1 occurred in two control calves which developed a condition identical to that in the artificially infected calves. P haemolytica A1 was repeatedly recovered from the nasopharynx of infected calves and at necropsy throughout the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Seroconversion, as measured by indirect haemagglutination, to the organism developed in all infected calves by days 9 and 10 after initial infection. The clinical, microbiological and pathological findings were identical to those seen in field incidents of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis involving recently housed, weaned, single-suckled calves.
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PMID:Experimental production of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. 639 May 89

The phospholipid content of lung fluid taken from 77 babies during the first day of life was studied. Babies with hyaline membrane disease had low concentrations of the surfactant phospholipids phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The palmitic acid content in phosphatidylcholine was also lower than normal. Surfactant deficiency was not, however, specific for hyaline membrane disease, as similar phospholipid abnormalities were observed in babies with congenital pneumonia and transient tachypnoea of the newborn. These findings have important clinical implications. They are relevant to research into surfactant substitution and cast doubts on the value of the antenatal phospholipid lung profile of amniotic fluid in predicting the risk of hyaline membrane disease.
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PMID:Non-specificity of surfactant deficiency in neonatal respiratory disorders. 642 71

A 16-day infection of Dictyocaulus viviparus in two groups of calves was treated with levamisole and fenbendazole respectively. Five days afterwards the calves were reinfected with 4000 larvae and necropsied 21 days later. Although the lungworm burdens of the two groups of calves were reduced by about 70 per cent compared to a control group the clinical signs of dyspnoea, tachypnoea and coughing were indistinguishable from a primary infection. This was due to pulmonary emphysema, oedema and an acute epithelialising pneumonia apparently associated with the death and disintegration of lungworms in situ, the result of an incompletely developed immune response. The results are compared with those obtained with the lungworm vaccine. It was concluded that the outcome of any system of "control" which depends on drug therapy and reinfection is unpredictable and that vaccination offers the only effective method of prophylaxis.
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PMID:Control of parasitic bronchitis in calves: vaccination or treatment? 645 78

The chest films of 30 infants with autopsy-proved pulmonary infections were reviewed to assess the radiographic changes in neonatal pneumonia. The most common abnormality identified was bilateral alveolar densities, noted in 77% of cases. One-third of patients had characteristically extensive, dense alveolar changes with numerous air bronchograms. A pattern of radiographic abnormalities consistent with transient tachypnea of the newborn was found in 17% of cases, and a second pattern resembling hyaline membrane disease was found in 13%. Recognition of the spectrum of expected radiographic changes can aid in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia, particularly if this information is correlated with the clinical features.
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PMID:Radiographic findings in neonatal pneumonia. 661 Mar 24

The records of 264 pediatric patients with uncomplicated ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) were reviewed. Eighty-seven patients were younger than age 4 years at the time of cardiac catheterization. Subnormal weight gain, frequent pneumonia, cyanosis or tachypnea were present in 26 patients (30%). Of the 36 infants at catheterization, 17 (48%) had the previously described symptoms, including 12 (33%) who had congestive heart failure. Eight of the 36 infants were found to have closed their defect at a subsequent catheterization. Six of 18 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization between 1 and 2 years of age also had spontaneously closed their ASD at subsequent study. Statistical analysis of hemodynamic data revealed no difference (except a smaller shunt size) between ASDs that closed and those that did not in patients who were less than 4 years at initial catheterization. Analysis of hemodynamic data revealed no statistical differences between groups of patients with an ASD who were younger than and those older than 4 years at time of diagnostic study. Patients with ASDs that closed were significantly different from patients with atrial level shunting thought to be secondary to a valve-incompetent foramen ovale with respect to age at initial study (11 versus 2 months, p less than 0.001), mean left atrial pressure (7.7 versus 12.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.02) and difference between mean right and left atrial pressures (1.0 versus 4.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Spontaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect in infants and young children. 665 Apr 15


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