Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 62-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was examined at our hospital for a 2-week history of non-resolving fever, cough and malaise. Her chest radiograph revealed left lower lobe opacity. Various kinds of antibiotics were not effective and transbronchial biopsy revealed non-specific inflammatory alveolar lesions. Chest radiograph at 14 days after admission revealed migration of the pulmonary opacity, suggesting bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), which responded well clinically and radiologically to oral corticosteroid therapy. BOOP may be one of the possible non-hepatic complications of PBC especially in patients associated with other connective tissue diseases.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with prednisolone. 1219 78

The mysterious severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that has originated from the southern Chinese province of Guangdong appears to be a major public health threat and medical challenge. Laboratory studies of SARS patients in a number of countries identified the etiologic agent being a novel member of coronaviridae. High RNA concentrations of this virus in sputum make it as a highly infectious agent. Low concentrations of viral genome are also detectable in feces. Coronaviruses are ubiquitos. They cause disease in many animals including pigs, cattle, dogs, cats, and chickens. These viruses have been associated with upper respiratory infections and sometimes pneumonia in humans. SARS presents with fever, cough, malaise, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Chest radiographs from affected regions are associated with progressive airway disease. Clinical laboratory features of SARS include lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. Currently, there is no FDA approved pharmacologic treatment for SARS. To date, no convincing clinical data is available for treatment of SARS with ribavirin. While there are some controversies about the use of systemic corticosteroids, Martin et al, in this issue of MSM, present their views on the use of pentoxyfylline (PTX) as a potential agent to be considered for SARS treatment. Finally, our analytical approach to the risks of SARS will certainly enable us to
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PMID:Severe acute respiratory syndrome. 1282 56

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently described infectious entity with salient features of fever, headache and malaise, with rapid progression to pneumonitis. The etiology of SARS is likely a novel coronavirus. During the winter of 2003, an outbreak of SARS involving several hospitals occurred in Toronto, Canada. We describe a patient post liver transplant who contracted SARS and died during the outbreak, with subsequent infection of family and several health-care workers. A novel coronavirus was detected in respiratory specimens by PCR. Due to the potential severity of SARS in transplant recipients and the large number of cases of SARS in the community, in order to avoid transmission of SARS from a donor, we developed guidelines for SARS screening of organ donors. A screening tool based on potential hospital SARS exposure, clinical symptoms, and epidemiological exposure was used to stratify donors as high, intermediate or low risk for SARS. As SARS spreads throughout the world, it may become an increasingly significant problem for transplant patients and programs.
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PMID:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in a liver transplant recipient and guidelines for donor SARS screening. 1285 32

Converse, J. L. (U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), E. P. Lowe, M. W. Castleberry, G. P. Blundell, and A. R. Besemer. Pathogenesis of Coccidioides immitis in monkeys. J. Bacteriol. 83:871-878. 1962.-Respiratory exposure to arthrospores from the submerged growth of Coccidioides immitis, strain Cash, in liquid medium resulted in similar pathogenesis in monkeys to that of strain Silveira arthrospores harvested from solid medium. Infectivity of 100% was noted with doses of 50 to 10,000 arthrospores. The disease was characterized by loss of appetite and weight, malaise, and extreme respiratory distress accompanied by coughing, with the immediate cause of death being acute coccidioidal pneumonia. The pathological picture was one of extensive, progressive, destructive pulmonary disease in the higher dose levels and few, small, self-contained, fibrous lesions, with little destruction of lung tissue, in the low doses. This was correlated in general with the findings of serial X rays and serological tests. The presence of the parasitic phase (spherule and endospore) of the organism was noted in large numbers within the pulmonary lesions and bronchial exudates and was substantiated by cultural methods. Occasionally, hyphal elements of the saprophytic growth phase were noted around the periphery of residual cavitated areas of the lungs.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Coccidioides immitis in monkeys. 1388 Oct 8

Moulder, James W. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), Dorothy L. Novosel, and Julius E. Officer. Inhibition of the growth of agents of the psittacosis group by d-cycloserine and its specific reversal by d-alanine. J. Bacteriol. 85:707-711. 1963.-d-Cycloserine inhibited multiplication of four members of the psittacosis group in chick embryo yolk sac. d-Alanine reversed each inhibition. In infections with the agent of mouse pneumonitis, the most sensitive member of the psittacosis group tested, d-alanine competitively antagonized the growth inhibition produced by d-cycloserine. Of a number of other potential reversing agents, only dl-alanyl-dl-alanine reversed the effect of d-cycloserine on mouse pneumonitis agent. The significance of the susceptibility of the psittacosis group to d-cycloserine is discussed in light of the known mode of action of this antibiotic on bacteria.
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PMID:INHIBITION OF THE GROWTH OF AGENTS OF THE PSITTACOSIS GROUP BY D-CYCLOSERINE AND ITS SPECIFIC REVERSAL BY D-ALANINE. 1404 52

Moulder, James W. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), Dorothy L. Novosel, and Ilse I. E. Tribby. Changes in mouse pneumonitis agent associated with development of resistance to chlortetracycline. J. Bacteriol. 89:17-22. 1965.-A chlortetracycline-resistant mutant of mouse pneumonitis agent, a member of the psittacosis group of microorganisms, differed in several ways from the susceptible stock from which it had been derived by serial chick-embryo passage in the presence of the antibiotic. It was almost completely resistant to chlortetracycline, had a longer growth cycle, produced many more very large particles, was not neutralized by parent antiserum and vice versa, was 10 times as resistant to d-cycloserine, and was highly lethal to mice when inoculated intracerebrally. These changes probably do not occur independently of one another but are the reflection of some genetically controlled change in the surface structure of the mouse pneumonitis particle which enables the resistant mutant to multiply in the presence of chlortetracycline.
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PMID:CHANGES IN MOUSE PNEUMONITIS AGENT ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO CHLORTETRACYCLINE. 1425 60

A previously healthy 19-year-old Asian female without significant past medical history presented to the emergency room complaining of a sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, fever, swollen neck, malaise, and myalgia for three to four days. The patient was initially seen at an outside hospital, evaluated by an ear, nose, and throat physician (ENT), and was found to have desquamative pharyngitis. The patient was transferred to our hospital after she continued to experience progressively worsening shortness of breath and went into acute respiratory distress. The patient was found to have laryngeal edema on exam with greenish-black, necrotic-looking tissue extending to the hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. A culture was taken. ENT was consulted for tracheostomy placement. The patient refused to have tracheostomy placed. She went into severe respiratory distress and required urgent tracheostomy. A cardiac consult was obtained. A 2D echocardiogram performed one day after admission revealed an ejection fraction (EF) of 10-20%, normal left ventricular cavity size, normal wall thickness, and severe global systolic dysfunction. There was mild to moderate mitral regurgitation and trace tricuspid regurgitation. The inferior vena cava was dilated and a 1 cm x 1.5 cm questionable mass or thrombus was seen. The patient's throat culture was positive for diphtheria. The CDC was contacted, and the patient was treated with antitoxin with prompt resolution of cardiac symptoms. A repeat echo done five days post-treatment showed improved EF of 65%, normal left ventricular thickness and function, with no clot visualized. She was treated with ceftriaxone and flagyl for ocular motor neuritis, otitis media, and strep. pneumonia with gradual improvement. These were all secondary to the diphtheria toxins, however, the patient continues to be followed as an outpatient by ENT for ongoing problems with swallowing, speech, and trach management.
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PMID:Cardiac diphtheria in a previously immunized individual. 1452 57

The coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is transmitted mainly via respiratory droplets. Typical presenting symptoms are akin to those of ordinary pneumonia. Young patients start with fever, chills, malaise, headache, or myalgia; cough and dyspnoea follow. Older persons and those taking corticosteroids may have neither fever nor respiratory symptoms. Exceptional suspicion is needed to identify SARS early in the illness. During an outbreak, even patients with low suspicion of SARS should be promptly isolated, and all contacts quarantined. Health workers need training in the use of appropriate barriers against droplets and other body fluids. Any fever cluster in patients or carers requires immediate action: discharges, visits, and transfers between wards and hospitals should be stopped. Halting hospital admissions and ten-day quarantine of suspected cases create wide buffer zones. To counter a possible resurgence of SARS, a system of prepared isolation and quarantine facilities is important.
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PMID:Singapore's experience of SARS. 1460 45

An epidemic of Q fever was identified among soldiers from the Czech Republic serving in the U.N. Stabilization Force in Bosnia and Herzogovina in 1997. There were 26 serologically confirmed infections, or 4.6% of those exposed. There were 14 cases of febrile illness and 12 subclinical infections. Prodromal symptoms of malaise, headache, backache, and fatigue were followed by fever > or = 39 degrees C with an intermittent course. Physical findings were unremarkable except in five cases with radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Cases were treated with doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ceftriaxone and supportive care. Q fever occurred at four U.N. Stabilization Force bases with the highest incidence at Dolna Ljubija (attack rate 9.4% vs. 2.3% at other locations (risk ratio = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.7-5.9; p < 0.05). A sheep farm with active lambing was located 100 m from the base. Helicopter operations at a nearby landing zone may have generated infectious environmental aerosols and may have been a cause of the Q fever outbreak.
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PMID:Q fever outbreak during the Czech Army deployment in Bosnia. 1462 Jun 51

Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular, obligate aerobe, partially acid fast, gram-positive pathogen that causes cavitary pneumonia in animals and immunocompromised humans. We describe 8 cases of R. equi pneumonia in patients with advanced HIV infection (CD4 counts less than 100/mm3), 7 males and 1 female (mean age 30.8 years), observed between 1991 and 1994. A history of exposure to farm animals was found in 4 patients. The most common presenting symptoms were fever, malaise, dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis, chest pain and weight loss. Chest x-rays showed tipical focal area of consolidation throughout the lung (3 upper, 3 lower and 2 middle fields) associated with cavitation in 4 cases. The definitive diagnosis in our hands was delayed only in the first case in which conflicting data resulted from blood culture (Bacillus sp. isolation) and sputum examen (acid-fast bacterium in the Ziehl-Neelsen stain). Final microbiological diagnosis depended on blood cultures (n=5), bronchoalveolar lavage (n=1), sputum (n=1), lung biopsy (n=1). All the patients were treated with prolonged courses of antibiotic therapy (259 days, range 120-340 in 6 dead patients; more than one year and two months respectively in two patients alive). According to microbial susceptibility TMP/SMX, vancomycin, imipenem, rifampin, aminoglycosides, macrolides and quinolons were more frequently used. Resistant R. equi mutants were selected during therapy with TMP/SMX (n=2), rifampin (n=1) and erythromycin (n=1). Five patient underwent pulmonary lobectomy after exclusion of metastatic bacterial lesions. Only 2 patients are alive, one after 365 days of antibiotic therapy and upper lung lobectomy, one after 60 days of antibiotic therapy. Optimal antimicrobial therapy and the role of surgery remain, in our experience, uncertain.
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PMID:[Not Available]. 1503 8


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