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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 9-year-old boy with Hodgkin's disease developed measles 1 month after completing eight courses of intensive anti-cancer chemotherapy. The atypical nature of the rash and the absence of Koplik's spots indicated a high risk of progression to fatal giant cell pneumonia. Seven days nebulised and intravenous ribavirin therapy produced apparent recovery. Two weeks later the child presented with measles giant cell pneumonia diagnosed on open lung biopsy. Ribavirin therapy was again successful. The role of ribavirin in the treatment of measles in immunocompromised children is discussed.
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PMID:Ribavirin response in measles pneumonia. 234 31

A review study examined the clinical course of measles diagnosed in children being treated for malignant disease in Newcastle upon Tyne during 1973-86. Of the 17 cases diagnosed, five were fatal. Factors associated with a favourable outcome were a typical rash and Koplik's spots, which were accompanied by a detectable serum antibody response and the disappearance of measles giant cells from nasopharyngeal secretions. Pneumonitis severe enough to require assisted ventilation was invariably fatal. Pneumonitis and encephalitis were the main complications. Treatment included immunoglobulin, interferon, and ribavirin, but none could clearly be shown to be effective. The comparatively low mortality in this series may have been due to the extensive use of the fluorescent antibody technique in Newcastle during the study period and therefore detection of less severe cases as compared with other reports.
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PMID:Measles in children who have malignant disease. 311 96

The typical clinical presentation of measles in a normal immunocompetent host includes cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik's spots, and rash. However, in an immunocompromised host, measles may have an atypical clinical presentation and may be commonly associated with severe pneumonia or encephalitis. We report a fatal case of measles pneumonia without any clinical features that suggest measles in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Unusual presentation of measles giant cell pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 1117 Sep 72

A 33 year-old female was admitted with facial, trunk and limb eruptions, conjunctiva intrahemorrhage, Koplik's spots in the pharynx and severe hypoxemia after fever and upper respiratory tract symptom. Infiltrative shadow of the whole right lung was seen on chest radiography. Fine crackles were seen in the lower left lung and in the whole right lung. Severe inflammation and liver dysfunction were indicated by blood test. Measles antibody IgM was high. The abnormal interstitial shadows were confirmed in greater detail by chest computed tomography. Her condition was diagnosed as measles pneumonia. A combination therapy with steroid pulse, high dose vitamin A, and gamma globulin was started, after which the patient gradually improved, indicating the effectiveness of this combination therapy for severe adult measles pneumonia.
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PMID:[A case of severe adult measles pneumonia--efficacy of combination of steroid pulse therapy, high-dose vitamin A and gamma globulins]. 1176 83

Age distribution, history of vaccination against measles, clinical signs and symptoms were investigated among a total of 113 adult measles patients admitted in our hospital between January, 2000 and December, 2002. The maximum body temperature, duration of fever, presence of Koplik spot and exanthema among these adult inpatients were compared with those among 1-to-5-year-old inpatients having measles. Concerning age distribution, the peak was found at the age of 20-24 years. Most of adult inpatients had not contracted measles until then and had not been vaccinated against measles. The infection route was unknown except a small number of inpatients. Clinical signs and symptoms among adult inpatients were about the same of those in pediatric inpatients except a sore throat. Complications occurred in 17 cases out of 113 adult inpatients, 4 of them had encephalitis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the other 4 cases contracted pneumonia. Among the 45 child inpatients, whereas, 23 had complications, 13 of them had pneumonia, 3 contracted otitis media, and an additional 3 suffered from both pneumonia and otitis media. From the results it is reasonably concluded that clinical signs and symptoms among adults impatients with measles are comparable with those of pediatric measles inpatients or slightly severer.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation on adult inpatients contracted measles; comparing with pediatric measles inpatients]. 1460 14

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and demographical features of adult measles cases admitted to our hospital, during the measles epidemic which emerged in Europe and in our country in the year 2001. A total of 35 adult measles cases (10 male, 25 female) ages between 16-36 (mean age: 23.1 +/- 4.6) years were detected between January and June 2001. The diagnosis was based on the clinical findings, however only 11 of the cases could be serologically confirmed with the presence of measles IgM antibody positivities. Fever (91.4%), cough (94.3%) and conjunctivitis (77.1%) were the most common symptoms. All of the patients had maculopapular rash, and the presence of Koplik spots, lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were observed in 77.1%, 57.1%, and 5.7% of patients, respectively. Leukopenia and elevated liver enzymes were detected in 28.5% and 37.2% of the patients, respectively. Pneumonia was the most common complication which was seen in 20% of the patients. Of the cases 2.9% exhibited otitis media and 17.1% diarrhea. Spontaneous abortus occurred in one of the three pregnant women. In conclusion, measles is still an important public health problem in our country, and since it may lead to severe complications and economic and labor loss, an effective elimination programme should be obtained by the use of vaccine in two doses and effective strategies for the immunization of the target populations.
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PMID:[Evaluation of 35 adult measles cases detected in a measles outbreak]. 1742 55

An active transmissible virus exists in the blood of measles patients during the eruptive stage of the disease. This virus produces in rabbits after intravenous injection a specific reaction analogous in all essential features to that of the human infection. Following a definite incubation period of from 2 to 5 days the animals infected show pyrexial, leucocytic, and cutaneous alterations. Fully 90 per cent of such inoculated rabbits react in a remarkable manner. The earliest constant symptom of the infection is a rise in temperature, which on the average occurs 4 days after inoculation and most probably marks the end of the incubation period. Concomitantly with this temperature rise there is a diminution in the total number of circulating leucocytes. This decrease in the number of white blood elements may be relative or may appear in the form of a well defined leucopenia. The most striking objective signs are the coryza, conjunctival injection, enanthemata, and exanthemata. The mucous membrane lesions are similar in their physical appearance to the so called Koplik spots seen in man. They occur on the buccal side of the oral cavity ranging in number from two to eight discrete hemorrhagic areas with paler centers. They appear as a rule coincidently with the temperature rise or shortly thereafter. The exanthematous lesions though occurring only in about 40 per cent of the infected animals complete the clinical syndrome in this particular experimental host. The rash may appear as early as the 3rd and as late as the 7th day after inoculation. In its early stage it is of the macular variety, appearing as a diffuse eruption which later develops into a more papular type of lesion. At this time the cutaneous manifestations appear as slightly raised, flattened, purplish red, discrete areas in the skin of the face, neck, chest, and abdomen. Repeated passage of the virus of measles through the rabbit seems to increase its virulence. A number of animals infected with such passage virus succumb in the fourth and subsequent generations, undoubtedly as the direct result of the action of the specific excitant, as in none of the animals was there cultural evidence of secondary intercurrent infection. In the animals dying presumably as a result of the specific virus grave nephritic changes were evident. It is a noteworthy fact that the pneumonia so common in fatal cases of human measles was not evident in any of the experimental animals. We believe this to be of considerable significance, especially in elucidating the direct etiological factor of the fatal pneumonias so often present in human measles cases. Apparently such infections in man can be explained purely on the basis of the destruction of normal defense barriers by the specific excitant of the infectious disease, and the lack of host resistance to the ordinary pyogenic microorganism.
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PMID:STUDIES UPON EXPERIMENTAL MEASLES : II. THE ENANTHEMATOUS, EXANTHEMATOUS, PYREXIAL, AND LEUCOCYTIC SYNDROME PRODUCED IN THE RABBIT BY INTRAVENOUS INOCULATION OF BLOOD FROM CASES OF HUMAN MEASLES. 1986 66

Measles is an acute febrile illness, potentially fatal and highly contagious, which is transmitted through the respiratory mode. Fever combined with one of the following: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis are the first manifestations of the disease. Koplik's spots may also appear on the buccal mucosa providing an opportunity to set the diagnosis even before the emergence of rash. Rash typically appears 3-4 days after the onset of fever, initially on the face and behind the ears, and its appearance is associated with the peak of the symptoms. Measles affects multiple systems, including the respiratory system, with pneumonia being one of the most lethal complications. Management involves best supportive care, correction of dehydration and nutritional deficiencies, treatment of secondary bacterial infections and provision of vitamin A. Importantly, given that measles present with lifelong immunity following infection or vaccination, prevention through measles vaccination has a cardinal role for measles' elimination. Indeed, public education and vaccination led to an estimated 79% decrease in global measles deaths from 2000 to 2015. Nonetheless, the last two years have seen a measles outbreak in several countries, partially due to the anti-vaccination movement. This article aims to present two cases of measles in our hospital and highlight the pressing need for vaccination in order to eradicate a potentially fatal disease.
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PMID:Measles pneumonitis. 3083 Sep 60