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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When the body temperature of a small neonate falls below 35 degrees C, lassitude can be noted; severe derangements of cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, immunological, and hematological systems may also occur depending in part on the duration and severity of hypothermia. Diagnosis requires a low-reading thermometer, lacking which the diagnosis can be suspected, but most often is missed. Fatal cases of diagnosed cold injury commonly have terminal pneumonia or sepsis. Prevention involves identification and home visits to high-risk infants; intensive care of those with the diagnosis at Soroka Hospital Medical Center has reduced the case-fatality rate from 30% in 1971 to 3% in 1988-1989. During the same period in our region, the proportion of neonatal deaths occurring in winter months of December, January, and February has dropped from 55 to 27%. The expected proportion is 25%. We hypothesize that excess neonatal mortality during winter months, especially due to pneumonia and sepsis or sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is an indicator of missed cold injury syndrome. A preliminary evaluation was made form U.S. data by state, provided by the National Center for Health Statistics, which records no fatalities from cold injury during 1986. Contrasted with this are 26 cold injury deaths in Israel for 1977-1980. In the U.S., though, excess winter neonatal deaths in 1986 from SIDS, pneumonia, and sepsis are reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preventability of neonatal cold injury and its contribution to neonatal mortality. 195 41

The spread of influenza virus through a community typically causes large increases in medical visits for febrile respiratory disease. Increased school absenteeism occurs early in the epidemic, and school children appear to be important for disseminating the virus. Industrial absenteeism, hospitalizations of adults and infants for pneumonia, and deaths due to pneumonia-influenza all tend to peak later in the epidemic. Although influenza infection rates are highest in persons of school age, hospitalizations and deaths occur primarily in infants and in the elderly, particularly among those with pulmonary, cardiovascular, or other debilitating disorders. Influenza viruses can be spread by aerosol or contact. The primary target cells are those of the respiratory epithelium. In healthy adults, the typical influenza syndrome includes fever, cough, and general aches for three to seven days, but lassitude, cough, and evidence of small-airways disease may persist for weeks. Laryngotracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and unexplained fever are prominent manifestations of influenza that lead to hospitalization of young children. Adults are more likely to have complications of bacterial pneumonia and worsening of chronic pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure. Less frequent complications include myositis, various neurologic disorders, and Reye's syndrome. These consequences of influenza clearly justify strenuous efforts at prevention and control.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations and consequences of influenza. 359 13