Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-five patients with inoperable carcinoma and lymphoma were given pyrazofurin (pf) by iv bolus at a dose level ranging from 100 to 300 mg/m2 of estimated body surface area. In addition, five patients with acute leukemia were given PF by infusion at doses ranging from 250 mg/m2/24 hours to 1500 mg/m2/144 hours. PF was well tolerated by most patients at doses of 100 mg/m2 given as an iv bolus weekly or 250 mg/m2 given every 2-3 weeks. However, an infusion of 750 mg/m2 given over a period of 72-120 hours to leukemic patients resulted in severe but reversible toxicity; 1500 mg/m2 of PF given over a 144-hour period to one patient resulted in the development of severe mucocutaneous toxicity and leukopenia. The patient died of hemorrhagic pneumonitis. The major toxic effects observed were mucosal (oral pain, cheilosis, redness, and oral and lip ulcers), cutaneous (erythema, erosion, and bullae), and hematologic (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia). The mucosal manifestations appear to be the dose-limiting toxic factors in most patients. Toxic reactions were more pronounced in patients who had previously received radiotherapy; dose-limiting hematologic toxic reactions occurred in four. After treatment with PF, one of the four patients with breast carcinoma had a partial response (greater than 50% regression) lasting 5 weeks. Another patient with breast carcinoma improved for about 1 month.
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PMID:Initial clinical study with pyrazofurin. 87 39

The protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind fashion in 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine, administered in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, was glass-grown and contained 264 microgram of protein nitrogen/ml. Phosphate-buffered saline with formalin was injected as a control. Systemic reactions to injection were similar in both groups, but the percentage of vaccinees with erythema (51%) and induration (52%) at 24 hr was significantly greater than the percentage of controls (2%) with these reaction (P less than 0.001). Twenty-one (0.5%) of 3,930 vaccinees and 43 (1.1%) of the 3.931 placebo recipients were hospitalized with pneumonia (chi2=7.61; P less than 0.01). Ten of 21 vaccinees and seven of 43 controls with pneumonia had a positive pharyngeal culture for M. pneumoniae (chi2=1.69; P =0.20), and fourfold rises in titer of serum antibody were noted in five of 14 vaccinees and in 15 of 28 placebo recipients with pneumonia (chi2=7.90; P less 0.0005). Therefore, vaccine efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific pneumonia was 42% as determined by cultures and 67% by serologic tests. The vaccine showed no protective efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific bronchitis or for M. pneumoniae pharyngeal carriage in recrutis in training.
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PMID:Protective efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. 89 86

Inability to accurately diagnose infection in granulocytopenic patients is a major cause for morbidity and mortality, and prompted this study of 344 infections (pharyngitis, skin infection, pneumonia, anorectal infection, and urinary tract infection) in a select group of cancer patients. Strikingly similar alterations in clinical presentation were found for all infections that developed in profoundly granulocytopenic patients. Physical findings of exudate, fluctuation, ulceration or fissure, local heat, swelling, and regional adenopathy were all less prevalent in the granulocytopenic patient, while fever was much more common. Only erythema and local pain or tenderness were present in practically all patients regardless of site of infection or level of granulocyte count. A better understanding of how granulocytopenia affects the presentation of infection should lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis and potentially to more successful therapy.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of infection in granulocytopenic patients. 105 68

A 1987 questionnaire sponsored by the Health and Welfare Ministry concerning the clinical subsets and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was distributed to 93 medial facilities. A clinical analysis of the outcome and treatments was accomplished on one thousand six hundred and fourteen SLE patients fulfilling ARA criteria. The outcome was evaluated into 6 categories, namely; complete remission, incomplete remission, no change, gradual worsening, rapid worsening and unknown. Treatments included (1) anti-inflammatory drugs, (2) initial dose of prednisolone (PSL) below 29 mg/day, (3) initial dose of PSL from 30 to 59 mg/day, (4) initial dose of PSL above 60 mg/day, (5) pulse therapy, (6) immunosuppressants, (7) plasmapheresis, and (8) hemodialysis. Statistical significances were determined with ridit analysis. The severity of the disease for 1,614 SLE patients was evaluated by the judgement of each medical facility independently, separating it into 3 grades. As a result, 16.8% was evaluated as severe, 54.6% was evaluated as moderate, and 28.6% was evaluated as mild. Clinical subsets were divided into 3 categories according to the outcome; (1) those with high complete remission rates (serositis, convulsion, oral ulcers, unconsciousness, hemolytic anemia and so on), (2) those with high incomplete remission rates (lupus nephritis, digital gangrene, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, erythema, Raynaud's phenomenon and so on), and (3) those with high rates of no change or worsening (aseptic bone necrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonitis, chronic renal failure and so on). SLE patients with persistent proteinuria below 3.4 g/day, pulmonary hypertension, or pneumonitis treated with large doses of PSL such as an initial dose of PSL above 60 mg/day and/or pulse therapy had a significantly higher remission rate than those treated with small dosages of PSL. Hereafter, the establishment of modes of treatments for increasing the remission rates of intractable clinical subsets in highly desired.
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PMID:[Studies on clinical subsets and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus based on a 1987 questionnaire conducted in Japan--clinical analysis of the outcome and treatments in clinical subsets]. 160 13

Bacterial mediastinal abscess or mediastinitis developed in nine (2.5%) of 361 consecutive patients who underwent isolated heart transplantation at the Texas Heart Institute. All nine patients had at least one predisposing factor that may have contributed to the development of mediastinitis. These included insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, repeat operation for postoperative mediastinal hemorrhage, Staphylococcus aureus pneumonitis, and cardiac allograft rejection in the early postoperative period (less than 30 days), necessitating steroid pulse therapy alone or in combination with murine-derived monoclonal antibody (OKT3). In six of the nine patients, the diagnosis of mediastinitis was made on the basis of clinical findings (unstable sternum and incisional erythema, with or without gross purulence), and in the other three patients, diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography of the chest. Culture data were unequivocal in all patients; S. aureus was the most frequent (five patients), followed by S. epidermidis (two patients), and Enterobacter cloacae (two patients). Computed tomography-directed percutaneous drainage and systemic antibiotics were successful in treating two of three patients who had stable sternums with mediastinal abscess. In the remaining seven patients, sternal and mediastinal debridement with rewiring of the sternum was successfully applied. No patient required muscle or omental flap coverage, and no patient experienced a recurrence of mediastinitis during an average follow-up period of 35 months (range, 12 to 46 months).
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PMID:Bacterial mediastinitis after heart transplantation. 1506 16

The incidence of systemic side effects under aerosolized pentamidine treatment or prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is low when compared to intravenous application. Erythema, hypotension, hypoglycemia, renal failure are infrequently seen. Local side effects--cough, bronchial spasm, metallic taste--are frequent complications of aerosolized pentamidine treatment. Cystic lung disease, pneumothorax, and atypical pneumonia may be a late sequelae of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and not a primary effect of pentamidine. Poor apical ventilation due to suboptimal inhalation technique etc. and decreased deposition of pentamidine in these areas may be of some consequence for the development of these unusual complications. Extrapulmonary pneumocystis infections under preventive pentamidine aerosol treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have been seen in single cases, a causal relationship to pentamidine application is not yet established.
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PMID:[Unwanted drug side effects with pentamidine inhalation]. 219 33

A 64-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with pneumococcal pneumonia that progressed to respiratory failure within one week, requiring mechanical ventilation. Despite a low minute ventilation and clear chest roentgenogram, multiple weaning attempts failed. Bronchoscopy revealed significant narrowing of the distal trachea with erythema, edema, and ulceration of the mucosa. Cytology of tracheal washings was consistent with herpes simplex virus, and the patient was successfully extubated following treatment with intravenous acyclovir. Bronchoscopy following acyclovir therapy demonstrated resolution of the inflammation and narrowing. Herpetic tracheitis is a rarely recognized reversible cause of tracheal stenosis, especially in a nonimmunocompromised patient. It should be suspected in patients without an obvious cause of failure to wean from mechanical ventilation, and can be successfully treated with acyclovir.
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PMID:Tracheal stenosis and failure to wean from mechanical ventilation due to herpetic tracheitis. 224 99

A 18-year-old man was admitted with fever, dry cough, erythema, conjunctivitis, and dyspnea. The case was diagnosed as measles because of the typical clinical course and the increase of measles viral antibody titre. Electrocardiogram showed transient ST-T abnormalities and the laboratory data showed transient increase of CPK. Therefore myocarditis was considered. However chest roentgenogram showed no abnormal findings. Arterial oxygen was low. The Ga scintigram revealed diffused uptake in both lungs. Microscopic examination of the transbronchial lung biopsy revealed alveolitis. In view of he above, measles pneumonia was diagnosed in this case.
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PMID:[A case of measles in adolescents with myocarditis and pneumonia]. 250 6

Thirty-seven children (median age, 2 years) with shigellosis in Bangladesh were subjected to postmortem examination to determine causes of death and the spectrum of intestinal histopathology. Infecting species were: Shigella dysenteriae 1, 7 cases; S. dysenteriae 2, 2 cases; Shigella flexneri, 23 cases; Shigella boydii, 4 cases; and mixed infection with Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei, 1 case. Complicating conditions detected before death included malnutrition in 25 cases, pneumonia in 11 cases and septicemia in 8 cases. In all 37 cases the colon showed gross colitis, consisting of mucosal erythema and edema; superficial ulcerations were visible in 15 cases. Microscopically in the colon the lamina propria showed inflammatory cellular infiltration in 27 cases and crypt abscesses were present in 22 cases. In 9 cases each there were colonic glands in the submucosa and branching of colonic crypts, indicating increased regenerative activity of crypt cells. Severe lesions were mucosal denudation and deep ulceration in 15 cases with a pseudomembrane in 7 and pseudopolyposis in 2 of these patients. The most common underlying cause of death was colitis, whereas the most common immediate and associated causes were, respectively, septicemia and pneumonia. These results indicated that fatal childhood shigellosis results from severe colitis, often complicated by septicemia and concomitant malnutrition and pneumonia.
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PMID:Causes of death and the histopathologic findings in fatal shigellosis. 259 52

From January, 1975 through June, 1986, 426 patients with mammary carcinomas were submitted to primary, breast-preserving therapy at the Gynecological Hospital of the University of Heidelberg. 212 women with a minimum observation time of twelve months fulfilled the criteria of a "typical" treatment: tumor size up to 3 cm, segment/quadrant resection and axillary lymphonodectomy with at least eight lymph nodes removed, radiotherapy of the residual breast with greater than or equal to 45 Gy, in case of histological lymph node manifestation adjuvant hormonal and/or chemotherapy. The average observation time was 38 months, the medium age 48 years. Patients with histological lymph node manifestations were compared with a matched control group of women treated treated by modified radical therapy. According to the error estimation of Kaplan and Meier (1958), no differences were found for local recurrence rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Patients treated by organ-preserving therapy with adjuvant chemotherapy were opposed to a matched control group of women treated only by surgical/radiological, organ-preserving therapy. In patients with chemotherapy, the incidence of cutaneous erythema (29% versus 24%), telangiectasia (34% versus 24%), hyperpigmentation (41% versus 34%) showed an upward tendency, but was not significantly increased. There was no difference in the incidence of clinically palpable fibroses (37% versus 42%) and fibroses shown by mammography (54% versus 51%). The frequency of pneumonitis/fibrosis of the retromammary lung area (22% versus 10%) after chemotherapy was two times higher than in the matched control group not treated by chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Breast-sparing therapy of breast cancer: on the combination of radiation therapy with adjuvant chemotherapy]. 329 Nov 60


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