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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-seven patients were treated with moxalactam in a noncomparative trial of hospitalized patients; 32 had endometritis or chorioamnionitis, 12 had skin and soft tissue infections, 5 had osteomyelitis, 5 had pneumonia, 5 had urinary tract infections, 4 had arthritis, 2 had sepsis from an unknown source, 1 had endocarditis, and 1 had peritonitis. Bacteremia was present in 12 of these patients. Patients were given 3 to 12 g of moxalactam per day (mean, 6.24 g/day) in divided doses every 6 to 8 h. Seven patients were given intramuscular treatment for 3 to 20 days for part or all of their therapy. The rest were given intravenous treatment exclusively. Treatment was continued for 2 to 42 days (mean, 10 days). The dose and the duration of therapy were determined by the type of infection and the response of each patient. There were four treatment failures and one enterococcal-clostridial superinfection. Moxalactam was well tolerated. Allergic reactions led to the discontinuation of the antibiotic in three patients. Prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were observed in 2 of 11 patients tested; in both instances in patients had severe underlying diseases, including malnutrition and alcoholism. Pain on intramuscular injection was noted in two patients receiving 1,500 mg, but not in five receiving a lower dose; in one case the pain forced the use of intravenous therapy after one dose, and in the other case the pain was mild and the patient was treated for 20 days. We concluded that moxalactam was effective in the treatment of the types of infections included in this study and produced few adverse reactions.
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PMID:Moxalactam in the therapy of serious infections. 621 Nov 40

Therapy with moxalactam was evaluated in 71 patients with bacterial pneumonia. Ninety-two percent of patients with pneumonia due to gram-positive cocci, anaerobes, or Haemophilus influenzae were cured. One patient developed probable pneumococcal meningitis during treatment of sputum culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia. Six of 10 patients with pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterobacteriaceae were cured also. However, two of these patients became colonized with moxalactam-resistant organisms, which were of the same species as the organism that caused the original infection. Two of the four patients in whom treatment failed were infected with P. aeruginosa and then developed superinfection with moxalactam-resistant Pseudomonas. Phlebitis and pain on intramuscular injection were the most common adverse effects observed. The results of this study, demonstrate that moxalactam may constitute effective therapy for bacterial pneumonia, but the development of resistance during therapy may limit its usefulness against Pseudomonas infections.
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PMID:Moxalactam therapy for bacterial pneumonia. 621 74

Twenty-nine patients, aged 19 to 87, were treated for an infection of the lower respiratory tract (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, pulmonary abscess, pleuritis) due to a pathogen with in vitro sensitivity to the antibiotic (pneumococcus, hemophilus, anaerobic organisms . . .). Patients were given Moxalactam as the only antibacterial treatment. In most instances, excellent results (24 successes, i.e. 84% of cases) were recorded with two daily intramuscular injections of 1 g each. Biologic tolerance was satisfactory. Possible clinical side-effects are rashes and local pain during the injection. We conclude that Moxalactam is very effective in severe lower respiratory tract infections, with a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg.
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PMID:[The French experience with moxalactam in pneumology]. 631 Jul 90

The clinical and laboratory characteristics of 27 patients during an outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella micdadei were reviewed. These patients were compared with a group of 46 patients who had other causes of nosocomial acquired pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia due to L micdadei typically had nosocomial acquisition of the disease and were immunosuppressed. Symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory tests were nonspecific; however, patients with pneumonia due to L micdadei had an increased frequency of pleuritic pain in the chest, dyspnea, cough, and changes in mental status compared to the nosocomial group. Direct fluorescent antibody staining and culture of sputum and other respiratory secretions established the diagnosis of infection with L micdadei. Unusual features included dual infections in three patients and pulmonary cavitation in five patients. Therapy with erythromycin, when instituted early, decreased mortality. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, used as alternative therapy in patients with persistent infection, was also curative. Because of the high mortality associated with a delay in diagnosis, it is important to consider the diagnosis of pneumonia due to L micdadei in immunosuppressed patients.
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PMID:A comparative study of Legionella micdadei and other nosocomial acquired pneumonia. 633 21

Postoperative pain relief, consumption of analgesics and the incidence of postoperative complications were investigated in a retrospective cohort-study on 470 patients following abdominal surgery. 221 of these patients received epidural morphine or buprenorphine for postoperative pain relief (Group I). Another group of 249 patients received conventional opiate analgesics intravenously or intramuscularly (Group II). On average the analgesia lasted 14 h after epidural morphine and 11 h after epidural buprenorphine. The overall amount of morphine in the postoperative period was 13.3 +/- 14.9 mg and 0.89 +/- 0.55 mg buprenorphine respectively. 5 cases of pneumonia (2.3%) were seen in the epidural group (Group I). 22 pneumonia cases (8.8%) were registered in the group with conventional analgesics (Group II). Besides the advantage of stronger and longer duration, small dosage and minor central depressive side effects, epidural opiate analgesia has proven to result in positive clinical consequences. The low incidence of postoperative pneumonia is due to the strong regional pain relief, which improves mechanical pulmonary function and gas exchange.
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PMID:[Peridural opiate analgesia. Clinical results of a 2-year study]. 661 18

Thirty-six febrile patients were administered cefpiramide (CPM) of 20 approximately 75 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 11 days, and the clinical and side effects were evaluated. Among children with bacterial infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, sepsis, pharyngitis and bronchitis, the results were excellent in 9, good in 13, and fair in 3 patients. Out of 36 patients, adverse reactions were observed in 9 cases, i.e. vascular pain at one shot intravenous injection in 4, diarrhea in 2, eosinophilia in 2, and diarrhea and eosinophilia in 1 case. One shot intravenous administration of CPM of 10 mg/kg to 4 patients yielded mean serum level of 100 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and mean serum half-life of 2.5 hours, and administration of 20 mg/kg to 3 patients yielded mean serum level of 200 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and mean serum half-life of 3.5 hours. The half-life in 1 patient with slight liver lesion was 5.36 hours. The rates of urinary recovery within 8 approximately 12 hours were 7.2 to 28.0% in 5 patients, 45.1% in a patient with nephrotic syndrome, and 50.9% in a patient with slight liver lesion.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics of cefpiramide in children]. 665 32

Cefpiramide (CPM) was given to 4 patients with respiratory tract infection (H. influenzae 3 cases, P. aeruginosa 1 case), 1 patient with enteritis (enteropathogenic E. coli) and 1 patient with sepsis (E. cloacae). Bacteriological eradication was observed in 5 cases (83.3%), and clinical effectiveness was 66.7%. Serum concentration of CPM at a dose of 15 mg/kg after intravenous drip-infusion for 30 minutes was 105 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and 67 micrograms/ml at 1 hour. Bacteriological eradication by the administration of CPM was rapidly occurred in 3 strains of H. influenzae including 1 strain of beta-lactamase producing ABPC-resistant one, and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa in the sputum. One patient aged 2 years and 5 months with pneumonia was cured by the treatment of CPM as an outpatient. No side effects were observed except 1 case of vascular pain. It was concluded that CPM is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in 6 cases of infection in children]. 665 37

A number of medical disciplines are involved in the diagnosis and therapy of thoracic pain. The origin may be somatic or visceral. Individual diseases are discussed in particular such as myalgia epidemica, intercostal neuralgia, herpes zoster, pleuritis and pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema, mediastinitis, pulmonary hypertension and the hyperventilation syndrome. Differential diagnosis is also referred to.
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PMID:[Pulmological aspects of diagnosis of thoracic pain (author's transl)]. 677 86

Amiodarone hydrochloride, used for prophylaxis of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias that are resistant to other agents, may cause toxic pulmonary reactions associated with abnormal chest radiographs. The authors review four new cases of amiodarone-induced toxicity and eight cases reported in the literature. Peripheral areas of consolidation, predominantly in the upper lobes and resembling chronic eosinophilic pneumonia or tuberculosis, and diffuse interstitial disease were seen. Clinical symptoms included dyspnea on exertion, weakness, and occasionally pleuritic pain. Radiographic abnormalities developed after a median latency period of six months on the drug (600 to 800 mg daily). Pathologic findings suggested a possible toxic effect of the drug on phospholipid metabolism in the lung. Amiodarone toxicity may lead to significant pulmonary insufficiency. The clinical symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were completely reversible upon cessation of drug use and institution of corticosteroid treatment. Resolution generally occurs within three months.
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PMID:Lung disease caused by amiodarone, a new antiarrythmic agent. 683 14

Sixty-five cases of nosocomially acquired Legionnaires' disease are reported and the world literature is reviewed. The etiologic agent, Legionnella pneumophila, has been isolated from several environmental sources at outbreak sites. Legionnaires' disease appears to be acquired by inhalation and is primarily manifested by severe, potentially fatal, pneumonia. Characteristic clinical disease consists of high fever with relative bradycardia, dry cough, chills, diarrhea, and pleuritic pain. Although no single feature is pathognomonic, the clinical presentation is usually sufficiently characteristic to suggest the diagnosis. The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease during acute illness may be established by culture of Legionella pneumophila, or by demonstration of the bacterium using special stains. However, in most instances, the physician must make a presumptive diagnosis based on the clinical presentation in order to institute appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Retrospective confirmation of the diagnosis may be made by serologic studies in most instances. Erythromycin is, at this time, the drug of choice for the treatment of Legionnaires' disease. A prompt salutory response following institution of erythromycin therapy is typical.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease: report of sixty-five nosocomially acquired cases of review of the literature. 699 73


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