Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 35-year-old man had been exposed to the vapor of dimethyl sulfate which was split over the bed of a truck from an accidentally broken container. After receiving treatment at the critical care unit of our university hospital for respiratory failure, he was transferred to our ward with dyspnea persisting for one month. Chest X-ray showed diffuse nodular and infiltrative shadows and shadows suggestive of bronchial wall thickening. Bronchoscopy demonstrated tracheobronchial stenosis due to severe inflammation, and transbronchial lung biopsy revealed erosion and granulation in tissues of the bronchiolar walls. These findings suggested extensive inflammatory involvement of the respiratory tract extending from the trachea to the bronchioles. Treatment with antibiotics, especially agents with antipseudomonal activity, was effective against secondary pneumonia. Administration of corticosteroid for stenotic lesions of the airway was extremely beneficial. The clinical course of the respiratory lesion caused by dimethyl sulfate intoxication was following, including the bronchoscopic findings. The efficacy of treatment with corticosteroid and antibiotics was evaluated by successive bronchoscopic examinations of the lesions.
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PMID:[A case of dimethyl sulfate intoxication manifested by persistent dyspnea]. 163 65

The report describes seven SMA-cases in descendents of crossbreeds of American Brown Swiss x Deutsches Braunvieh. Symptoms and course: After initially normal development of the calves for one to six weeks the disease set in suddenly followed by a rapid lethal course of one to one and a half weeks duration due to asphyxia and/or secondary diseases. Only one case was reported having been sick since birth (?). Characteristic signs were rapidly progressing muscular atrophy, paresis and paralysis of the limbs, the trunk and the diaphragm, usually accompanied by progressive dyspnoea. Signs of congenital neuromyodysplasia (arthrogryposis) of different degree were present in four of the seven calves. Six calves had contracted a secondary pneumonia. Blood gas analysis (6/7) revealed a compensated (1x) or decompensated (4x) respiratory acidosis. Neurohistological findings: Degeneration and loss of motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord and neurogenic muscular atrophy. Immunohistochemistry revealed a pronounced accumulation of type 200 kD-neurofilaments in perikarya and dendrites of ventral horn motoneurons indicating disturbed mechanisms of the axonal transport. The disease seems to be inherited as a recessive trait.
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PMID:[Spinal muscle atrophy in Brown Swiss x Braunvieh cross calves]. 163 59

The most common form of lower airway disease (LAD) in dogs is chronic bronchitis, whereas in cats a syndrome resembling chronic bronchial asthma in humans is commonly reported. In most cases, the cause(s) of LAD remains unproven. The primary symptom of LAD in dogs and cats is chronic cough, although many cats are free of symptoms between episodes of acute, life-threatening bronchoconstriction. Diagnosis is based on a careful history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests designed to rule out other causes of cough and dyspnea such as pneumonia, heartworm infestation, and congestive heart failure. More sophisticated tests, such as bronchoscopy, flow volume loops, and radioisotope ventilation scans are available to define the extent of the disease process better. Glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of chronic therapy for most dogs and cats with LAD. Bronchodilators are indicated for most cats with symptoms of acute bronchoconstriction, whereas a smaller number of dogs may respond to bronchodilator administration and demonstrate an increase in exercise capacity and a decrease in cough frequency. LAD in dogs and cats is a progressive disorder, and prognosis is guarded. Nevertheless, with aggressive medical management many of these animals can live relatively symptom-free lives.
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PMID:Chronic lower airway disease in the dog and cat. 164 17

A 63-year-old male complained of palpitation and dyspnea. ECG showed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Echocardiogram revealed asymmetrical thickening of the cardiac septum, and by other clinico-pathological observations, nephrotic syndrome and colon adenoma were detected. For these diseases, steroid therapy and operation were performed, respectively. Ten months later, chest X-ray revealed diffuse abnormal shadow in the bilateral lung fields, and the patient expired due to respiratory distress syndrome. The patient's heart weighted 300g and showed extensive myofibril disarray in bilateral ventricles involving the septal region of the heart. Degeneration and atrophy of the atrioventricular node was seen. In the lungs, organizing pneumonia, old pleuritis, diffuse septal fibrosis and cytomegalovirus infection were demonstrated in the alveolar walls. Kidneys showed slightly sclelotic changes in glomeruli and edema-fibrosis in the interstitium. In this rare case, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was combined with nephrotic syndrome due to glomerular change, and colon adenoma. The patient died of cytomegalovirus infection in the lungs. The histogenesis of myofibril disarray was discussed in these diseases.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of cardiomyopathy combined with nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary cytomegalic inclusion disease]. 164 80

Infection due to Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality. However, its treatment is increasingly complicated by the rising prevalence of resistance to antibiotics. Apart from the two recognized modes of staphylococcal resistance, namely, penicillinase production and intrinsic resistance, Sabath and associates have described a third type in which resistance is manifested by susceptibility to growth inhibition but tolerance to the lethal action of bactericidal agents. The mechanism of tolerance is attributed to a deficiency of autolytic enzyme activity in the part of bacteria, possibly secondary to an inhibition of autolysins in the tolerant staphylococcal strains. These strains are found in patients with infections responding poorly to treatment with cell-wall active antibiotics including vancomycin. Because of its unique mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties, rifampin has been reported to be the most active among 65 antistaphylococcal agents tested and have the capacity to kill intraleukocytic staphylococci. We present 2 cases who were cured following the addition of rifampin to previously established regimens. Case 1 was a 40-year-old male who had fever, cough, dyspnea, a right elbow abscess and left leg swelling for 2 weeks prior to admission. Culture of purulent material from the elbow abscess grew staphylococcus aureus. Chest X-ray showed bilateral septic embolism and phleborheography showed partial deep vein occlusion of the left ileofemoral vein. Case 2 was 22-year-old female with fever, chills and cough for 3 weeks. Blood culture grew staphylococcus aureus, and Chest X-ray revealed bilateral septic embolism with pneumonia. Neither of them responded to standard antibiotics which were judged adequate by in vitro sensitivity tests. Clinical cure was later obtained after rifampin was added to the regimens. These results suggest that rifampin may be a useful adjunct in the therapy of staphylococcal infections.
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PMID:[The use of rifampin in the treatment of infection due to Staphylococcus aureus]. 164 82

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our division because of an abnormal mass with a diffuse reticular shadow seen on chest roentgenogram. A right upper lobectomy was performed after the diagnosis of lung cancer. From the 18th postoperative day he complained of dyspnea, which was caused by the exacerbation of rheumatoid pneumonitis based on rheumatoid arthritis, and died on the 44th postoperative day. The course of illness and clinicopathological analysis of this case is described in this paper.
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PMID:[A fatal rheumatoid pneumonitis following surgery for lung cancer]. 166 33

In a two year period 44 endobronchial resections using the Neodymium-YAG laser have been performed in 28 patients. The majority of cases had either bronchogenic carcinoma (57%) or metastatic carcinoma (18%) involving the bronchial tree. Adenoid cystic carcinoma, benign tumours, lymphoma, tracheal papillomatosis, Wegener's granulomatosis and benign stricture comprised the other cases. Rigid bronchoscopy and general anaesthesia were used in the majority. Symptomatic improvement of dyspnoea when relief of bronchial obstruction occurred was marked in ten of 17 cases, moderate in four and absent in three. Haemoptysis was markedly improved in two of three cases and obstructive pneumonitis resolved in one of two cases. Significant respiratory function improvement was observed in Raw (most sensitive), FEV11, FVC and TLC. Laser treatment restored the lumen to normal calibre in 52% (including all patients with tracheal lesions), to greater than half normal in 28% and to less than half normal in 20% of cases. Re-expansion of a collapsed lung or lobe occurred in seven of eight patients. In six of these patients laser treatment was the initial therapy resulting in immediate re-expansion and symptomatic relief prior to further therapy. In patients with bronchogenic carcinoma the mean time to retreatment or death was 72 days. For metastatic carcinoma this was 60 days. Two early deaths (3 hours, 36 hours) due to respiratory failure occurred in patients with very severe bilateral bronchial obstruction too advanced for effective clearance. Other complications included laryngeal oedema requiring prolonged intubation (1), bronchospasm (1), atrial fibrillation (1), and acute pulmonary oedema (1). Laser treatment provides effective palliation for bronchial obstruction and haemoptysis in selected proximal endobronchial cancers.
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PMID:Endobronchial resection with the Nd-YAG laser--two years experience in an Australian unit. 169 70

Over a period of 11 months, 37 patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) presenting with symptoms of bronchopulmonary disease were investigated. Patients presented with cough, weight loss, fever and dyspnoea. Investigations included fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy. In eight patients (22%) Pneumocystis carinii was found. Pulmonary infiltrates were found on chest radiographs of six patients, while in the remaining two patients chest radiographs showed clear lung fields. P. carinii was found in two patients with pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Infection with P. carinii often occurred with other pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in four patients, Staphylococcus aureus in two and tuberculosis in two. P. carinii pneumonia does occur in patients with HIV infection in Africa and the diagnosis is relatively simple to make provided that transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage are carried out through a fibreoptic bronchoscope and specimens examined after appropriate staining. However, the prevalence of P. carinii in patients with HIV infection in Africa appears to be lower than that found in patients with HIV infection in Europe and North America.
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PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS in Central Africa. 169 54

The Lahey Clinic experience using laser bronchoscopy for relief of obstructive tracheobronchial lesions during a 7-year period from 1982 to 1989 involves 269 patients treated with 400 procedures. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was used for tracheal stenosis and granulation tissue. The neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used for all obstructing endobronchial neoplasms. Indications for therapy included severe dyspnea, hemoptysis, and postobstructive pneumonitis. All patients had relatively central lesions. A rigid bronchoscope was used to treat 88% of patients, and 12% of patients were treated with a flexible bronchoscope. One death occurred during the intraoperative period. Eleven deaths occurred within 1 week of therapy and were related to the presence of extensive malignant lesions or to coronary artery disease. Our experience indicates that bronchoscopic application of the CO2 or Nd:YAG laser affords effective palliation for patients with obstructive tracheobronchial lesions. The Nd:YAG laser is recommended for patients with bulky vascular endobronchial neoplasms, and the CO2 laser is best reserved for patients with benign tracheal stenosis and granulation tissue.
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PMID:Endoscopic laser therapy for obstructing tracheobronchial lesions. 170 56

Two male patients ages 54 and 58 years had persisting pneumonia with dry cough, dyspnea, weight loss, and fever up to 39 degrees C that did not respond to erythromycin treatment. There was extensive restrictive impairment of ventilation and loss of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Histologic examination of the basal pulmonary infiltrates showed fibrosing alveolitis. Serologic titers indicated that the patients had suffered from Legionella pneumophila infection. We believe that Legionella had caused the fibrosing alveolitis since there was absence of any other causative agents or factors. Both patients responded to corticosteroid treatment with rapid clinical improvement but delayed radiologic regression.
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PMID:Fibrosing alveolitis responsive to corticosteroids following Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. 812 53


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