Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten patients with matching ventilation-perfusion lung scan defects and corresponding pulmonary infiltrates were evaluated with segmental pulmonary angiography. All ten patients presented with sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain and fever. Pulmonary emboli were documented in three of the ten patients (30%). The remaining seven patients had pneumonia or atelectasis. The findings emphasize the non-diagnostic nature of lung scans which show only matching ventilation and perfusion defects in regions of pulmonary infiltrates. Segmental pulmonary angiography is recommended for differentiating pulmonary embolism from atelectasis or pneumonia in these patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary embolism with unilateral lung scan defects and matching infiltrates. 46 74

A case of pleuropulmonary infection caused by Eikenella corrodens is reported, followed by a review of clinical cases reported in the English-language literature since 1970. On the basis of this review, the predisposing factors, clinical features, and principles of diagnosis and treatment of this infection are outlined. Although infection may occur at any age, it seems to occur most often in patients less than or equal to 14 or greater than or equal to 44 years of age. Adult patients commonly have some underlying medical illness, pleuropulmonary malignancy being the most common. Patients present with a variable combination of fever, cough, and pleuritic chest pain. Four radiographic patterns may be seen: pleural effusion, pneumonia, cavitation, or a combination of these. Ampicillin and penicillin G are effective therapeutic agents; although the susceptibility of E. corrodens to penicillin G has been accepted as the rule, it may not always prevail. The need for increased awareness of this organism as a cause of pleuropulmonary disease is stressed because it is resistant to clindamycin, an agent that is increasingly used to treat anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections.
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PMID:Pleuropulmonary infections caused by Eikenella corrodens. 156 74

Streptococcus pyogenes appears to have become an uncommon cause of pneumonia. In view of the recent increase in S. pyogenes infections this situation is likely to change. An intravenous drug user presented with acute onset of fever and chills. At presentation pleuritic chest pain was a prominent symptom, and later he developed pulmonary abscesses and an empyema. The patient had a good response to benzyl penicillin, and his pulmonary lesions resolved completely. Although his clinical picture was characteristic of S. pyogenes pneumonia, it could easily be mistaken for Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia.
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PMID:Streptococcus group A pneumonia in an intravenous drug misuser (IVDM). 188 4

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are at increased risk for both community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia, most often through aspiration. Community-acquired pneumonia often manifests with acute onset of chills, fever, cough, and pleuritic chest pain. Atypical pneumonia syndromes are characterized by subacute onset over several days and constitutional complaints. Hospital-acquired pneumonia may be contracted during altered consciousness or after intubation, ventilation, or exposure to pathogens. Knowledge of the disease process and the means to accurately diagnose these infections allows physicians to prescribe effective antibiotic therapy. Stable patients may receive oral therapy, but with severe or hospital-acquired pneumonia, parenteral therapy is required. Combinations of agents may be needed to cover the variety of pathogens that may be present.
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PMID:Pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. What special considerations does this combination require? 192 17

A 30-year-old female with mild asthma presented with high fever, hypotension, pleuritic chest pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Chest radiograph showed consolidation of the right upper lobe, and S. pyogenes was cultured from blood and sputum. Following initial rapid recovery the patient relapsed ten days after antibiotics were ceased, with rapid development of a large abscess cavity. Clinical improvement occurred following reinstitution of treatment including intravenous penicillin. Progressive radiological resolution eventuated during outpatient follow-up. This case demonstrates that S. pyogenes pneumonia may occur without an antecedent viral infection or major predisposing condition, cause rapid cavitation despite antiobiotic therapy and resolve satisfactorily with prolonged penicillin therapy.
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PMID:Streptococcus pyogenes pneumonia with abscess formation. 267 77

Between August 1982 and December 1985, seven patients at a children's hospital developed hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila. Demographic data included the following: mean age 12.3 years (range 9 months to 20.5 years); male/female ratio 5:2; all patients were white. Some previously identified risk factors present in our patients included high-dose corticosteroid therapy (five patients), other immunosuppressive therapy (four), and chronic lung (five) or kidney (three) disease. Symptoms and signs included rapid onset, fever, cough, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. Rhinitis, myalgia, and neurologic abnormalities were not noted. Chest roentgenograms revealed single-lobe consolidation in three patients, diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrates in three, and pleural effusion in three. All patients were treated with erythromycin; three patients also received rifampin. Tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were required by four patients. Six patients improved after therapy. One child died of persistent lung disease 1 month after the onset of legionnaires disease. L. pneumophila was isolated from potable water in the hospital. Aerosol equipment cleansed with tap water and the showers were implicated as means of exposure by patients to contaminated potable water. No new nosocomial cases were seen after immunocompromised children were prohibited from taking showers, and sterile water was used to cleanse equipment for administering aerosol medications.
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PMID:Nosocomial legionnaires disease in a children's hospital. 273 94

Of the Legionellaceae family, Pittsburgh pneumonia agent (Tatlockia micdadei, Legionella micdadei) is second only to Legionella pneumophila in causing human pneumonia. In nosocomial infection, the patients tend to be immunosuppressed. The clinical presentation is nonspecific, although in immunosuppressed hosts the presentation may mimic that of pulmonary embolus (pleuritic chest pain, nonproductive cough, pleural-based densities on chest rontgenogram). The reservoir for the organism is water, and prevention of nosocomial infections can be accomplished by disinfection of the water supply. Diagnosis is best established by isolation of the organism from respiratory secretions by using selective, dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. The organisms can be acid-fast when clinical specimens are stained. Erythromycin is the antibiotic of choice, although tetracyclines, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin have also proved to be efficacious.
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PMID:Infections caused by the Pittsburgh pneumonia agent. 332 96

279 patients with 285 episodes of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (Pnb), treated at the 2 departments for infectious diseases in Stockholm, Sweden, were reviewed retrospectively. Almost half of all episodes were caused by serotypes 3, 9 and 4 (in that order). The overall mortality rate was 7% and as low as 5% if patients with extrapulmonary complications were excluded. As in other studies male sex, alcoholism and absence of leukocytosis on admission to hospital were all associated with a higher mortality rate. However, the prognosis for old patients was much better than in most other studies. This was true also when the infecting strain was of serotype 3. For 89 consecutive patients out of the 279 ones with Pnb the clinical, laboratory and chest X-ray data were compared with those of 44 patients with non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (Pn) and 27 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP). Within the pneumococcal group almost all non-bacteremic patients had respiratory tract symptoms compared to less than half of the patients with bacteremic disease. High age, alcoholism, chills, pleuritic chest pain, a leukocyte count of greater than 15 x 10(9)l and an elevated CRP were factors significantly more common among those with pneumococcal pneumonia than among the MP patients. On chest X-ray an alveolar pattern was seen in all but 2 of the totally 133 patients with a pneumococcal pneumonia, but also in half the patients with MP.
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PMID:Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in Sweden: clinical course and outcome and comparison with non-bacteremic pneumococcal and mycoplasmal pneumonias. 339 36

Pulmonary problems are common in systemic lupus erythematosus, and may be the presenting feature of this multi-system disease. The clinical spectrum ranges from mild, self-limited, pleuritic chest pain to fulminant and rapidly fatal, diffuse, pulmonary hemorrhage. Accordingly, treatment must be individually tailored to the clinical features of each patient. Non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs may be adequate therapy for pleuritic pain. High dose corticosteroids may be indicated in more severe cases of pleurisy with effusion, lupus pneumonitis, and diffuse interstitial lung disease. Immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine and cyclophosphamide should be considered in cases of lupus pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease unresponsive to steroids. Combined therapy with corticosteroids, immunosuppressives and plasmapheresis should be considered for fulminant cases of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage attributed to lupus. There is no definitive therapy for pulmonary hypertension at this time. Decisions regarding treatment in each instance must be made with the recognition that there is little strong clinical evidence to support the use of any of these therapies. Finally, no pulmonary process should be attributed to lupus until infection has been rigorously excluded in these patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. 390 99

Tests for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to group B coxsackieviruses were performed on sera from 259 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia on whom there were no definitive serological or virus isolation findings to establish a viral etiology, and on 259 "control" patients with clinical diagnoses of viral or mycoplasmal pneumonia or pneumonitis. IgM antibodies to coxsackievirus types B1, B3, B4, B5, and B6 were detected by a micro-immunodiffusion technique, and antibodies to virus type B2 were detected by reduction of neutralizing antibodies with ethanethiol. Of the patients with pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia, 27% (70) had IgM antibody to group B coxsackieviruses, as compared with 8% in the control group. On retrospective review of the clinical diagnosis, some of the patients in the control group with IgM antibody were found to have had additional clinical findings which could be attributed to a coxsackievirus infection. Coxsackievirus IgM antibody was demonstrable in 30% of 113 patients in the study group for whom virus isolation had been attempted with negative results. The presence of coxsackievirus IgM is discussed in relation to the time of serum collection, age of the patients, and month of onset of illness.
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PMID:Association of group B coxsackie viruses with cases of pericarditis, myocarditis, or pleurodynia by demonstration of immunoglobulin M antibody. 419 15


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