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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous penicillin and cefamandole in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients received either 1 g of cefamandole or 600,000 U of aqueous penicillin G every 6 h. Of the 100 patients entered into the study, 96 had clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Microbial etiology was determined from the results of sputum and blood cultures and/or sputum Gram stains. Streptococcus pneumoniae was pathogenic in 49 patients, of whom 24 received cefamandole and 25 received penicillin. There was no statistically significant difference in the response or cure rate. Of the 100 patients, 93 were treated for 3 days or more and were evaluated for adverse effects and toxicity. There was no significant difference between cefamandole-treated and pencillin-treated patients in the incidence of colonization, superinfection, phlebitis, thrombocytosis, decrease in hematocrit, or elevated liver function tests. Eosinophilia occurred more frequently in patients treated with penicillin (20 of 42) than in those treated with cefamandole (11 of 42 (chi square, P < 0.05). Only one patient receiving cefamandole developed a positive direct Coombs test. No patient in either group developed meningitis. We conclude that, with the doses and route of administration employed in this study, cefamandole is as effective as penicillin in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia without an increased incidence of colonization, superinfection, or adverse effects.
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PMID:Double-blind comparison of cefamandole and penicillin in pneumococcal pneumonia. 35 24

Acute, noninfectious, eosinophilic pneumonia with respiratory failure has been described in adults. This new form of eosinophilic lung disease differs from the previously described types of eosinophilic pneumonia. Patients with this entity develop rapid progressive respiratory failure, which seems to respond to corticosteroid therapy. Eosinophilia in lung biopsy specimen, or in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid seems to be a common denominator. We present the first pediatric case of this new, distinct form of eosinophilic lung disease and review the pertinent literature.
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PMID:Acute eosinophilic pneumonia with respiratory failure: a new syndrome? 154 55

A 58 year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of dyspnea and cough. Chest X-ray examination revealed diffuse nodular shadow, infiltration in the left upper and lower lobes, and volume loss. BALF showed increased number of cells, particularly eosinophils (65.6%). Eosinophilia (17-13%) was also seen. The histological examination of the TBLB specimen revealed irregular thickening and edema of alveolar septa. From these findings together with clinical features the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic pneumonia. Oral administration of prednisolone started with 30 mg. Within a week, eosinophilia in peripheral blood decreased to 1%, PaO2 increased to 87.5 Torr in room air, and CRP became negative. His chest X-ray film showed the disappearance of infiltrative shadows in the left upper and lower lobes. On the 19th day was prednisolone decreased to 20 mg. Laboratory data and chest roentgenogram showed exacerbation, and PaO2 gradually decreased to 62.9 Torr. Patchy shadows were seen in the right upper lobe. The dose of prednisolone was again increased to 60 mg/day, and was quite effective. The drug dosage was tapered by 10 mg/10 days to 40 mg/day, however all data exacerbated again. The clinical course seemed peculiar for eosinophilic pneumonia, however small reticulonodular shadows on chest X-ray did not change. Therefore, open lung biopsy was performed. The histology of the specimen showed fibrosis, lymphocyte infiltration and thickening of alveolar septa. The clinical course and histopathological findings led to a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis accompanied with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
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PMID:[A case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia]. 235 80

We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ceftibuten (CETB, 7432-S), a new cephem antibiotic for oral use, in chronic respiratory tract infections. A daily dose of 400 mg (b.i.d.: 15 cases) or 600 mg (t.i.d.: 5 cases) of CETB was given orally for 3-14 days (mean: 10.6 days) to 20 patients: 9 with infected bronchiectasis, 3 with infection supervened on pulmonary emphysema, 3 with acute pneumonia (supervened on bronchiectasis in 2 of 3 cases), 2 with infected bronchial asthma, 1 each with infection supervened on old pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical effects were excellent in 3, good in 11, fair in 3 and poor in 3. Eighteen strains were identified as causative organisms. Eight of 15 strains for which bacteriological responses were evaluable were eradicated by the use of CETB. Eosinophilia in 2 patients and an elevation of S-GPT value was observed in 1 patient. These adverse reactions disappeared after the completion of the therapy. From the above results, we conclude that CETB is one of the most useful antibiotics for oral use as a first choice in chronic respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Therapeutic efficacy of ceftibuten in chronic respiratory tract infections]. 239 48

A combination drug of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was intravenously administrated to 18 patients with ages 3 months to 10 years 10 months with various acute infections including 14 cases of pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, empyema and suspected sepsis. Clinical responses were excellent in 14 cases and good in 4 cases. Bacteriological responses of 8 isolated strains were: 7 strains were eradicated and 1 strain was decreased. No side effect was observed in any case. Eosinophilia was observed in 2 cases, thrombocytosis in 2 cases, elevation of GOT in 1 case and elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 case. From the above results, it seemed that SBT/ABPC was a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study on sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 52

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 20 children with bacterial infections (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. 1. CDZM was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at daily dosages ranging from 54.5 to 84.2 mg/kg administered by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous injection to 20 patients (7 cases of acute tonsillitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases each of bronchitis and suppurative cervical lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute pharyngitis, acute enteritis and furunculosis) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent, 7 cases; good, 11 cases; fair, 2 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 90% (Table 4). 2. MICs of CDZM against 15 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs against all 7 strains of Haemophilus influenzae were less than 0.025 micrograms/ml. MIC against 1 out of 5 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.05 micrograms/ml and those against 2 strains were 0.10 micrograms/ml and against the other 2 were 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were 1.56, 25 and higher than 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. No clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the 20 patients. Eosinophilia was observed in 2 cases. A slight elevation of S-GOT was found in 1 patient (case No. 8) and moderate elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT in another (case No. 18) (Table 4). In case No. 18, the S-GOT and S-GPT activity improved after the administration of the drug was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefodizime in children]. 279 59

A newly developed cephalosporin, cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588), was evaluated clinically in 40 patients. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed with 8 patients. CFTM-PI was administered as granules. One patient was given CFTM-PI at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, each of 3 patients was given the drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg and each of 4 patients at a dose of 6 mg/kg. In most cases, serum concentrations of CFTM were determined at 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations of CFTM were measured for urinary samples collected during periods of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 hours after dosing. CFTM was assayed using the disk or the cup method using Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 as the test organism. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 40 children including 13 patients of acute tonsillitis, 10 of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 10 of scarlet fever, 2 of acute bronchitis, 2 of pneumonia, and 1 each of pneumonia with enteritis, phlegmon and urinary tract infection. The patients were from 4 months to 13 years old. Daily doses were from 8.7 to 12 mg/kg. After CFTM-PI administration in doses 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations of CFTM were 0.38 microgram/ml, 0.73-2.25 micrograms/ml and 1.2-2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.55, 0.95-2.30 and 0.80-2.72 hours, respectively. Urinary excretion rates up to 6 or 8 hours after dosing were 10.8-24.7%. Clinical efficacies of CFTM-PI in 40 patients were "excellent" in 27 children, "good" in 12 children and "fair" in 1 with an efficacy rate of 97.5%. Twenty seven strains of causative organisms, including 15 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Escherichia coli, 1 of Salmonella 04, 6 of Haemophilus influenzae, 1 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Branhamella catarrhalis, were isolated. After treatment all strains except 1 strain of B. catarrhalis (unchanged), Salmonella 04 (unknown) and 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae (unknown) were eradicated. Side effects observed clinically were only 1 case of diarrhea. Eosinophilia was observed in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil granules in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 57

Among 137 members of 30 families, 6% (and 8% of those aged under 15 years) were seropositive for toxocara antibodies. In these seropositive subjects and in 84 patients known to have raised toxocara titres the commonest clinical features were abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, sleep and behaviour disturbances, pneumonia, cough, wheeze, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis, headache, limb pains, and fever. 61% of patients with raised toxocara titres had recurrent abdominal pain. Eosinophilia was in many cases associated with a raised toxocara titre, but 27% of patients with high titres had normal eosinophil counts. Toxocariasis is common, especially in children, and is associated with clinical features that are generally regarded as non-specific but together form a recognisable symptom complex. Toxocariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such symptoms and especially in recurrent abdominal pain, which might otherwise be labelled as idiopathic. The absence of eosinophilia does not exclude toxocariasis.
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PMID:The expanded spectrum of toxocaral disease. 289 21

Clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic findings in patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, including 19 additional cases, have been reviewed and summarized. Most patients present with subacute respiratory and constitutional symptoms and have failed to respond to therapy for presumptive pneumonia. A previous history of atopy, most often asthma, will be obtained in one-half. Eosinophilia occurs in most cases and its absence may be the major indication for lung biopsy. Although pulmonary infiltrates are more often peripheral than not, the classic "photographic negative of pulmonary edema" is seen in less than one-third of cases. Pathologic findings include an intra-alveolar and interstitial infiltrate which comprises eosinophils, histiocytes, and exudate. Bronchiolitis obliterans and eosinophilic microabscesses occur less frequently. Open-lung biopsy is preferable when atypical features prevent a confident clinical diagnosis. The exquisite responsiveness of CEP to corticosteroids should encourage use of a therapeutic trial when there is a strong clinical suspicion of the disorder. The rapid clinical response should not deter the clinician from giving a prolonged course of treatment. The differential diagnosis includes other diseases characterized by PIE and the more recently recognized bronchiolitis obliterans and organizing pneumonia, a disorder which is also marked by peripheral pulmonary infiltrates.
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PMID:Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. A report of 19 cases and a review of the literature. 328 20

Cefmetazole (CMZ), an antibiotic agent of the cephamycin group, is resistant to beta-lactamase and has a broad antibacterial spectrum covering Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. However, it has not been indicated for Gram-positive cocci. We examined its clinical, bacteriological and side effects in 2 infants with pneumonia and 2 with pyothorax, which had been suggested to be caused by CEZ-resistant and CMZ-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus or other inflammatory organisms by a disc sensitivity test, for 2 years and 3 months from January, 1981 to March, 1983. The patients aged 1 to 22 months, and a mean daily dose of 108 to 115 mg/kg was divided into 2 to 4 equal doses and injected into the vein at one shot for a mean fo 19 days. The following results were obtained: The clinical effect of CMZ was evaluated to be good in 1 and fair in 1 of 2 infants with pneumonia, and excellent in 1 and good in 1 of 2 with pyothorax. Bacteriologically, S. aureus was removed in an infant with pneumonia and in 2 with pyothorax. Bacteriological test was not conducted in the remaining 1 with pneumonia. No side effects were found in any cases. Eosinophilia appeared as an abnormal clinical test value in a case, but the number of eosinophils became normal after termination of the medication. As mentioned above, CMZ manifested an excellent clinical effect in infants with pneumonia or pyothorax caused by S. aureus although the number of the patients was small. From the results the antibiotic agent can be expected to be effective in these disease.
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PMID:[Clinical trials of cefmetazole for pneumonia and pyothorax caused by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to cefazolin]. 658 32


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