Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the concentration of twenty individual plasma proteins was determined in 72 persons including 37 patients with recent myocardial infarction. The highest correlation coefficients with ESR could be demonstrated in the following proteins: fibrinogen, alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, coeruloplasmin, Ig M. The closest correlation with ESR was found, when the molar concentrations of fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin and Ig M were summed up. 2. Subdivision of the examined group of patients according to their diagnosis showed that the degree of correlation with ESR in many plasma proteins essentially depends on the composition of the studied group of patients. The patients with myocardial infarction, with pneumonia and those with neoplasma all showed distinctly different patterns of correlation. These obviously reflect underlying changes in the concentrations of the studied proteins, that seem to be specific to the respective disease. 3. In 4 patients with myocardial infarction the changes in plasma protein concentrations together with ESR were followed over a period of 26 days after the infarction.
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PMID:[The specific effect of plasma proteins in erythrocyte sedimentation. An analysis of the correlation coefficients between ESR and the concentration of twenty individual plasma proteins in healthy and sick persons, with special reference to myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. 68 22

The protease-antiprotease balance was evaluated in some respiratory tract diseases. Analysis of the protease activity and the natural inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes was carried out on 10 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, 21 with chronic bronchitis, 12 with pneumonia and 11 health volunteers. Paralelly, the inflammatory potency of bronchial lavage fluid was determined in guinea-pig skin test. In our studies of bronchial lavage fluids some selective changes of proteolytic enzyme activities were documented as follows: in pneumonia patients--the increase of acid and neutral proteases activity; in chronic bronchitis--the moderate increase of activities of all examined proteases and in atopic bronchial asthma--the increase of acid protease activity. Similarly, levels of the natural inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes were selectively elevated: alpha-1-antitrypsin in pneumonia and chronic bronchitis patients and alpha-2-macroglobulin in asthmatics. This finding may suggest that the proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors play an important role in the respiratory tract pathology. This concept is supported by the high inflammatory response observed with bronchial lavage fluids obtained from pneumonia patients in guinea-pig skin test. The authors suggest that the determination of protease activity and level of the natural inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes in bronchial lavage fluids may be useful for clinical prognosis and pharmacological treatment.
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PMID:Analysis of proteolytic enzymes and their natural inhibitors in serum and bronchial lavage fluid in atopic bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. 241 11

In a study on lung adenomas induced by the administration of a single intragastric dose of sodium thiocyanate, diethylnitrosamine, or its precursors to 15-day-old C57BLxC3H F1 mice the occurrence of crystalline inclusions in pulmonary parenchyma was noted. A correlation between crystalline deposits and number and type of adenomas seen between 46 and 110 weeks was observed. In 45/61 adenomas, eosinophilic cells containing inclusions were seen scattered in the pulmonary tissue, adjacent to tumor areas, in desquamated cells in the bronchioles, in the lumens of the submucosal bronchial glands, and within the alveoli. By contrast 7/85 mice without adenomas showed inclusions (4/7 mice had pneumonitis). The inclusions stained with bromophenol blue, were PAS positive diastase resistant and showed varying amounts of alpha-1-antitrypsin, IgG, and IgA by immunoperoxidase technique. Ultrastructure revealed membrane bound rods with a lattice pattern.
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PMID:Crystalline inclusions associated with lung adenomas in C57BLxC3H F1 mice. 245 96

Selective IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Two types of selective IgA deficiency may be distinguished: the complete form, with IgA level less than 5 mg/dl, and the partial IgA deficiency, with level greater than 5 mg/dl but less than 2 standard deviations below the age-adjusted mean level; 50% of the cases belong to the partial type and half of them may be considered as transient clinical form. Patterns of this condition, are very unsteady: while some patients remain without any symptoms, others present recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections. Though respiratory tract infections are the most frequent diseases, and in very few patients are associated bronchiectasis. A twelve-year-old patient with permanent partial IgA deficiency was treated for bronchiectasis in our pneumology and allergy pediatric center. The other serum immunoglobulins, IgG subclass, lymphocytes sub-populations, cell with expression of DR markers and proliferative response to PHA of peripheral blood lymphocytes, were normal. The alpha-1-antitrypsin, Mantoux test (negative), sweat chloride concentration and ciliated nasal epithelium were also normal. Pneumonia, bronchiectasis and meningitis are found in the complete IgA deficiency. The greater part of studies confirm that this severe, chronic and/or recurrent lower respiratory tract diseases are scarcely found in children with partial selective IgA deficiency, although our case states that it can be found. We think that in every patient with bronchiectasis the selective IgA deficiency complete or partial, has to be considered as an isolated etiologic factor.
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PMID:Selective and partial IgA deficiency in an adolescent male with bronchiectasis. 789 14

Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. The inflammatory response to such infection is an important protective process and has been suggested to be less effective in elderly patients. To investigate the inflammatory response in respiratory infections acquired in the community by elderly people we studied 52 consecutive patients who met the criteria for either a non-pneumonic chest infection or pneumonia. After exclusion, 41 patients were available for evaluation, with 25 fulfilling the criteria of pneumonia and 16 the criteria of chest infection. Pyrexia was a feature of the patients with pneumonia. Circulating levels of neutrophil elastase-alpha-1-antitrypsin complex and C-reactive protein were greater in the patients with pneumonia than in those with a chest infection and were reduced following antibiotic treatment. No changes occurred in the chest infection group for these markers of inflammation. In both groups, a further neutrophil granule protein, lactoferrin, was unaffected by antibiotic treatment. This study indicates that elderly patients with pneumonia can initiate an appropriate inflammatory response as demonstrated by clinical indicators and circulating mediators of the inflammatory response.
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PMID:Inflammatory markers of lower respiratory tract infection in elderly people. 797 76

A rare case of a 71-year-old man with malignant oncocytoma is presented. The tumour was found in the left parotid region with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. The resected parotid mass consisted of three discrete nodules, each histologically characterized by a uniform proliferation of oncocytic tumour cells. The patient underwent repeated operations for recurrences and metastases, and eventually died of acute pneumonia 18 months after the first admission. Metastases to the lymph nodes, ribs, spine and liver had been clinically pointed out. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lactoferrin, secretory component and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), while they were negative for S-100 protein and HHF35 (muscle specific actin). Ultrastructural pictures disclosed numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells, revealing neither myofibrils nor secretory granules. These findings therefore support the concept that this tumour is of a glandular epithelial origin.
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PMID:Malignant oncocytoma of the parotid gland: a case report with an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 844 23

In 277 patients admitted to hospital for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) an aetiologic diagnosis was established in 68% with S. pneumoniae being the predominating agent. Four percent of the patients (12/277) died during their hospital stay, and only one of these patients was below 60 years of age. On admission, the most important factor, independently associated with fatal disease was a low serum albumin concentration, which was also a negative prognostic factor for the course of the survivors. In patients admitted to hospital for CAP, the finding of a low serum albumin level should therefore lead to intensified observation and treatment. Of 241 patients discharged after treatment for CAP, 50 patients were readmitted to hospital with recurrence of pneumonia during a 31 month follow-up period. This pneumonia incidence rate was more than five times that in a control population. Fifty-one of the patients (21%) died during follow-up, with 13 (25%) of the deaths directly associated with pneumonia. Systemic treatment with corticosteroids was associated with a higher risk of recurrence of pneumonia and death, while airway colonisation with Gram-negative enteric bacteria and a serum albumin below 30 g/l during hospital treatment of the initial pneumonia were associated with death from pneumonia after discharge. In 97 middle-aged and elderly patients admitted to hospital for CAP, malnutrition reflected by low triceps skinfold (TSF) and body mass index (BMI) values was associated with death during a six-month follow-up period, as was severity of disease on admission classified according to acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II). Admission serum concentrations of orosomucoid and alpha-1-antitrypsin were most closely correlated with in-hospital morbidity measured as days spent in hospital and duration of fever. The risk of readmission within six months of discharge was higher in patients with high admission levels of APACHE II and TSF. Measurement of serum concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin and orosomucoid on admission should be considered in order to better predict hospital morbidity in these patients. Measurements of APACHE II and TSF on admission may give additional prognostic information on the interval from admission to six months after discharge. On admission 64% of the patients were hypoalbuminaemic, but only 6-10% were so at follow-up visits. Admission serum albumin concentration correlated negatively with investigated acute-phase proteins, and positively with other serum transport proteins, but no association with investigated nutritional measurements was found. The main reason for depressed serum albumin in elderly patients with pneumonia thus seems to be not malnutrition, but the inflammatory reaction per se. In 203 hospital-treated patients with CAP, the diagnostic and prognostic value of admission serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein was investigated. The highest levels of IL-6 and CRP were found in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, especially when bacteraemic. Patients with high IL-6- or CRP levels had longer duration of fever, longer hospital stay, and fewer had recovered clinically or radiographically at follow-up eight weeks after discharge. A high IL-6, but not a high CRP, also seemed to be associated with a higher mortality. The type-specific antibody responses to six pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens included in the 23-valent vaccine as well as antibodies against the vaccine were measured by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 65 middle-aged and elderly individuals treated in hospital for pneumonia eight weeks prior to vaccination. The antibody concentrations before and after the vaccination were comparable with those in a vaccinated age-matched control group who had not recently been treated for pneumonia...
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PMID:Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation. Factors of importance for the short-and long term prognosis. 858 66

A 36-year-old Chinese man presented to the Queen Mary Hospital in August 1999 with a 2-week history of jaundice due to propylthiouracil treatment for thyrotoxicosis. He had previously received carbimazole but had developed an urticarial skin rash after 2 weeks of treatment. The patient developed liver failure and fulminant pneumonitis shortly after hospital admission. Despite receiving treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin, he died 11 days after the onset of the respiratory symptoms. Postmortem examination using electron microscopy showed typical glycogen bodies within the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, which corresponded to eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies visible under light microscopy. Immunohistochemical studies of the inclusion bodies were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and albumin, and negative for fibrinogen, complement protein C3, immunoglobulins G, M, and A, alpha-fetoprotein, and alpha-1-antitrypsin. This is the first report of a patient who received two sequential antithyroid drugs and developed predominate cholestasis with unique histological features. Extreme caution should be taken when a patient develops allergy to one type of antithyroid drug, because cross-reactivity may develop to the other type.
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PMID:Cholestatic jaundice caused by sequential carbimazole and propylthiouracil treatment for thyrotoxicosis. 1496 65

Organic dusts cause inflammatory reactions in the tissues exposed. The lung and the cells lining the surface of the respiratory tract are a primary target. Many receptors have been shown to react specifically on the presence of microorganisms that are ubiquitous elements in organic dusts. There is a great variability in the individual response to organic dusts. Almost 50% of Caucasians are hyporesponders to LPS exposure, and people with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency are hyperresponsive to organic dust exposure. The diseases resulting from organic dust exposures include asthma, allergy, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and toxic pneumonitis (organic dust toxic syndrome). This paper deals with inflammation and the subsequent mechanism of disease as it is encountered in industries with these exposures. Toxicological studies including human experimental exposures and ex vivo studies of cells are described. Cellular reactions are mediated through the attachment of, e.g. LPS and beta (1,3)-D-glucan to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, CD14 and Toll-like receptors. The relation between protein release and the gene activation is described. Furthermore, studies of the individual susceptibility will be reviewed.
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PMID:Microbial cell wall agents as an occupational hazard. 1599 41

Biological markers in various compartments of the human body have demonstrated potential value in diagnosis, prediction, guidance of therapy as well as in monitoring the clinical course of diseases of the airways and the lung. But only certain surrogate parameters are from clinical value, such as procalcitonin in pneumonia and sepsis, alpha-1-antitrypsin to diagnose alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, D-Dimers to detect emboli, nitric oxide in exhaled air in asthma, or isolation of germs from sputum to guide antibiotic treatment. Quantification of numerous markers in exhaled breath condensate or the detection of compounds in exhaled air are more recent attempts to further elucidate those biomarkers for clinical use. In general, biomarkers have an important supportive value in addition to routine diagnostic methods. The article reviews recent data regarding the usefulness of markers in non-malignant pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:[Biomarker in pulmonary diseases]. 1967 Jan 3


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