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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical, parasitological and pathological findings in a group of six donkeys naturally infected with D arnfieldi larvae are described. One animal had to be sacrificed at an early date because it developed pneumonia. The remaining five were unthrifty, showed mild clinical respiratory signs and had heavy strongyle infections. They had varying numbers of adult worms in the airways of the lungs and eggs were found coiled up in the smaller bronchi where they had apparently lead to an obstruction to airflow in that segment. The most striking gross pathological changes were circular discrete areas of over-inflation surrounding such bronchi. Histologically the infected bronchi exhibited a marked bronchiolitis with goblet cell hyperplasia and a mainly lymphoid inflammatory infiltrate. These areas also showed a localised bronchiolitus and overinflated alveolar tissue although true emphysema was not present. It is postulated that the parasite is well-adapted to its host and is able to survive for long periods within the lung without causing a debilitating amount of damage to the host. The immunological aspects of the infection are discussed briefly.
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PMID:Lungworm: (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) infection in donkeys. 15 90

The pathogenicity of a strain of simian herpesvirus SA8 in one month old conventional and gnotobiotic baboons was investigated. Intratracheal inoculation resulted in a mortality rate of 1/5 in the conventional and 1/4 in the gnotobiotic group. Disease became apparent after 3 days and was characterized by respiratory distress, reduced formula intake, weight loss and fever in both groups. Isolation of herpesvirus from the respiratory tract, lymphoid organs, kidneys, adrenals, and CNS was more frequent by explant culturing than by routine procedures. Although there was a significant difference in total white blood counts (WBC), with higher values in conventional vs. gnotobiotic infants, the absolute number of lymphocytes was not different. The lower number of WBCs apparently was due to fewer polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the gnotobiotic baboons. Infection resulted in a leukopenia 5 days post infection (p.i.) and a leukocytosis 10 days p.i. in both groups. The animals, which succumbed, had acute necrotizing fibrinous pneumonia. Intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for herpesviruses were present. All the surviving infant baboons had subacute interstitial pneumonia, when sacrificed 35 days p.i.
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PMID:Clinical, virological, and pathological features of herpesvirus SA8 infection in conventional and gnotobiotic infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus). 17 97

A review of autopsies of 107 young children with pneumonia showed that 15 children (14%) had adenovirus infections, the diagnosis being based on characteristic histopathological and ultrastructural features in the lungs. Eleven (73%) of the cases of adenovirus infection followed on measles infection, and it is suggested that some became infected with adenovirus after admission to hospital. A review of clinical aspects revealed no unique features. Histopathological examination of tissues showed a common picture of necrotising bronchopneumonia, with minor degrees of rental tubular damage, infiltrates of large mononuclear cells in spleen and nodes, and an absence of lymphoid germinal centres. On light microscopy, "rosette" and "smudge" cells were seen in these cases, and two patterns of virus particle distribution in infected cells were seen ultrastructurally. It is postulated that "smudge" cells contain numerous crystalline viral arrays.
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PMID:Fatal adenovirus pneumonia: Clinical and pathological features. 18 4

Adenoviral infection was established in imported specialized meat strains of sheep Ile de France and Romni marsh. The disease followed a course typical of chronic interstitial progressive pneumonia with reduced tonus, loss of body weight, and high lethality. The disease was serologically proven by the discovery of specific complement binding antibodies in dynamics against the adenovirus. Titers varied from 1 : 2 to 1 : 32. The infestation was reproduced on sheep and lambs by tracheal infection with ultrafiltrate of changed lung tissue and bronchial lymph nodes. Morphologically the infection manifests itself by considerable hypeplastic processes in the lungs and less pronounced ones in the liver and kidneys. The typical changes indicated are accumulation of lymphoid cells and histocytes in the interstitial tissue, as well as adenomatous expansion of alveolar and bronchial epithelium. Considerable cell polymorphism is observed in the alveoles along with presence of gigantic cells and cell syncytia of desquamous epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and intranuclear inclusions in some of these cells. Complications of Past. Haemolytica with developing catharalsuppurative pneumonia were observed in some cases.
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PMID:[Chronic progressive interstitial pneumonia in sheep (adenovirus pneumonia)]. 23 87

A complex of immunological cell tests with M. pneumoniae antigen (the lymphocyte blast-cell transformation test, the allergic neutrophil alteration test) was carried out in order to establish the correlation between the results of positive seroconversion and the sepcific immunological reactivity of lymphoid cells in pneumonia patients. Mycoplasmic cutireactive allergen, when used for the accelerated diagnosis of mycoplasmic pneumonia in humans, was shown to be specific and safe. Cuti-allergic tests with mycoplasmic allergen allowed to diagnose mycoplasmic pneumonia at early stages (beginning from days 5--7), which ensures the possibility of indicating etiotropic treatment to patients in due time.
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PMID:[Immunological diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonias]. 45 81

As a result of re-examining 14 autopsy cases of fatal measles, neither aplastic nor hypoplastic thymuses were found even in a case with giant cell pneumonia, but there were degenerative and/or necrotic changes with giant cells mostly in the thymus and less in the peripheral lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and tonsils. This damage of the lymphoid system was associated with the occurrence of complications, particularly of giant cell pneumonia and encephalitis. The lymphoid cell damage, which might be primarily due to virulence of the infected measles virus, seemed to prolong the viremia. Involvement of viremia in the process of complication is discussed.
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PMID:Alterations of the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues in fatal measles. A review of 14 autopsy cases. 45 5

Lesions in sheep with ovine progressive pneumonia are described. Lungs were mottled grayish-pink, firm, and large (two to three times normal weight). There was chronic diffuse interstitial pneumonitis characterized by extensive hyperplasia of lymphoid cells around airways and blood vessels and by accumulation of mononuclear cells in the interstitium. In some lungs, this reaction was accompanied by excessive fibrous tissue and smooth muscle and less frequently by hyperplastic epithelium of terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Secondary bronchopneumonia was common. Lymphocytic meningitis, choroiditis, and leukoencephalitis were seen in a few sheep. Meninges and choroid plexuses were infiltrated with lymphoid cells, and subependymal blood vessels were cuffed with lymphoid cells. Much subependymal white matter was demyelinated and had foci of necrosis and gliosis.
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PMID:Lesions of ovine progressive pneumonia: interstitial pneumonitis and encephalitis. 52 55

In ten experiments, 53 castrated male 4- to 8-week-old weanling pigs were given adriamycin (ADR) IV at mean dosages of 0.64, 1.0, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg/week at various frequencies for up to 20 weeks. Mortalities in pigs given these dosages were 0% after 112 days, 100% after 134 days (survival time was 48 to 134 days), 91% after 75 days (survival time was 5 to 75 days), 100% after 28 days (survival time was 23 to 28 days), and 100% after 14 days (survival time was 10 to 14 days), respectively. Survival time was prolonged in younger pigs and in pigs given smaller but more frequent dosages of ADR. Characteristic gross and histopathologic alterations of ADR toxicosis were observed in pigs given 1.0, 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 mg/kg/week mean dosages. The most frequent lesions were in the alimentary tract, myeloid and lymphoid tissues, skin, and perivascular tissues at injection sites. Alimentary tract lesions were mucosal epithelial atrophy, with secondary fibrinonecrotic inflammation in the oral cavity and large intestine. Marked hypoplasia was seen in bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, with frequent terminal hemorrhagic diathesis and septicemia. Several days before death, the pigs developed severe dermatitis over the ventral portion of the abdomen and inner surfaces of the limbs. Perivascular necrosis and cellulitis produced by extravasation of ADR was a frequent complication of treatment. Terminal severe acute pneumonia occurred in most pigs. Pericarditis or cardiomyopathy (or both) developed in 14 pigs, given 0.64, 1.0, or 1.6 mg/kg each week (mean cumulative dosage 520.5 mg/m2 of body surface). Characteristic histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations in affected cardiac muscle cells were vacuolar degeneration, myocytolysis, and hyaline necrosis. Nephrotoxicosis also was in pigs with chronic ADR toxicosis. Systemic antibiotic treatment did not prolong survival of ADR-treated pigs in two experiments, but did in one other experiment.
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PMID:Pathologic features of adriamycin toxicosis in young pigs: nonskeletal lesions. 52 72

Mycoplasmas of the following species were isolated from the lungs of dog with distemper: Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma canis, Mycoplasma spumans, and Mycoplasma gateae. One-week-old dogs were inoculated endobronchially with cloned cultures of each species. M. cynos induced a focal pneumonia that were characterized histologically by severe inflammation of bronchi and adjacent respiratory tract tissue. The inflammatory response was initially neutrophilic and later was histiocytic with interstitial lymphoid hyperplasia. M. cynos was recovered from the lungs of inoculated dogs until three weeks after inoculation. A mild inflammatory response was observed in lung tissue of the dog inoculated with M. bovigenitalium, whereas M. canis, M. spumans, and, M. gateae did not induce any visible lesions.
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PMID:Canine mycoplasmas: pathogenicity of mycoplasmas associated with distemper pneumonia. 68 96

The pathological changes found in four Abyssinian Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) dying of measles are described. Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells were plentiful in the lymphoid tissue and spleen, in the mucosa of the alimentary tract and in the lungs, where they accompanied a non-suppurative pneumonia. In the alimentary tract they were most frequent in the colon when an associated colitis was present. Measles virus was recovered from the lung tissue of one animal, the virus being neutralised by both human and rhesus monkey anti-sera. This together with the close similarity between the pathological changes in human and monkey measles, supports the contention that the two diseases are one and due to the same virus.
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PMID:The pathology of measles in Abyssinian Colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza): a description of an outbreak. 81 24


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