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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between December, 1967 and August, 1988, 147 heart transplants (64 orthotopic, 68 heterotopic procedures; 15 heart-and-lung replacements) were performed on 128 patients. In the majority of the recipients, dilated cardiomyopathy or end-stage ischaemic heart disease was diagnosed. From 1985 to the present, 70 transplants (45 orthotopic, 11 heterotopic and 14 heart-lung) took place. Seventeen of these patients (mean age 46.6 years) suffered from end-stage disabling (NYHA IV) coronary artery disease; in each case the angiogram verified severe stenosis or occlusion of the three main coronary artery systems. Their histories revealed a total of 22 previous myocardial infarctions; 8 patients needed a total of 9 surgical revascularization procedures. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ranged from 9% to 24% (mean 15.3%). Before transplantation three patients required intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support. Fourteen of the 17 patients are at present still alive with post operative periods ranging from 8 weeks to 3.5 years (the actuarial 90-days and 1-year-survival rates being respectively 91.7% and 81.5%). Twelve of the patients are in NYHA class I; 2 are in class II. Three late deaths occurred: one from pneumocystic carinii/cytomegalovirus pneumonia, a second from atypical pneumonia and a third from chronic graft rejection. Radionuclide ventricular studies demonstrated postoperative left ventricular ejection fractions ranging from 54%-81% (mean 71%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Heart transplantation--the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage ischaemic heart disease. 264 61

A 57-year-old man with symptoms and signs consistent with atypical pneumonia had epidemiologic and later serologic evidence of psittacosis pneumonia. Therapy with tetracycline resulted in rapid resolution.
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PMID:Psittacosis pneumonia. 265 80

Adult patients suffering from infection with the HIV-virus acquire pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in nearly 80 per cent and in the half of all patients the basic disease AIDS has been detected by this lung infection. In childhood the patients with AIDS show most frequently interstitial lung diseases due to pneumocystis carinii or to lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. Also recurrent bacterial pneumonia may frequently occur, likewise infections with the cytomegalovirus or the Epstein-Barr-virus causing atypical pneumonia. The identification of the aetiology of these lung diseases is more difficult in children than in adults. In future it should be necessary to include more often AIDS as the basic disease into the differential diagnostic considerations in cases of such lung infections.
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PMID:[Pulmonary complications in AIDS]. 268 58

Community-acquired pneumonia accounts for about 1 p. 100 of all lower respiratory infections, i.e. 1 to 10 cases per 1,000 adults annually, depending on the country and the year. The causative organism is seldom identified since there is no simple, specific, non-invasive and cheap laboratory diagnostic method. Treatment therefore is empirical. It rests upon epidemiological and clinical data as well as upon a set of criteria concerning the acceptability of antibiotics and variations in bacterial resistance. The four principal antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms to be taken into account are pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. In practice, focal lung infections should initially be treated with penicillin A which is active against pneumococci and H. influenzae. In case of atypical pneumonia, preference should be given to macrolides since these drugs are active against M. pneumoniae and L. pneumophila. In initially severe or worsening pneumonia occurring in debilitated patients penicillins and macrolides should be given concomitantly from the start.
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PMID:[Community-acquired pneumonia]. 274 47

The diagnosis of viral pneumonia has changed during the past decade from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that is both clinical and laboratory in nature. Viral pneumonias can be divided into two clinical groups: the so-called "atypical" pneumonias in otherwise normal hosts, and viral pneumonitis in the immunocompromised host. Clinical factors such as patient age, immune status, time of year, illness in other family members, community outbreaks, onset, severity, duration of symptoms, and the presence of a rash remain important aids in diagnosing viral causes of both atypical pneumonia and pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient. However, advances in virus culture methodologies and the use of monoclonal antibodies coupled with immunofluorescence and ELISA techniques have markedly enhanced both the sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity of the diagnosis of viral pneumonias. Further advances are expected in the future as nucleic acid hybridization techniques are increasingly applied to both viral cultures and direct analysis of clinical specimens.
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PMID:Diagnosis of viral pneumonia. 284 Jul 25

4 patients with atypical pneumonia and a history of exposure to wild rabbits were found to have antibodies to Coxiella burnetii but not to the other organisms also commonly associated with atypical pneumonia. 10 (45%) of 22 snowshoe hares caught in the area where 1 of the patients snared his rabbits had antibodies to Coxiella burnetii. Q fever ought to be included in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia acquired following exposure to wild rabbits.
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PMID:Q fever pneumonia associated with exposure to wild rabbits. 286 48

A 42-year-old man with an atypical pneumonia. He had chest pain and a dry cough for 3 weeks, was dull at the left base clinically, and had left lower zone consolidation on chest radiography. The pneumonia spread despite oral ampicillin and cloxacillin. Blood culture grew Listeria monocytogenes and white cell count showed a monocytosis. He responded to intravenous penicillin and gentamicin with complete X-ray clearance.
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PMID:Listeria pneumonia. A case report. 291 43

Rokitamycin (RKM), a newly developed macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered ring, dissolves well under acidic conditions. It has been improved over other macrolides to minimize individual variations in its absorbability. We measured, using the GA-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values. Also activities (expressed in MICs) of antimicrobial agents were studied against clinically isolated 229 bacterial strains using an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. Tested organisms included Streptococcus pyogenes (77 strains), Streptococcus agalactiae (29), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), as Gram-positive cocci, and Haemophilus influenzae (1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Bordetella pertussis (12), Salmonella sp. (4) and Campylobacter jejuni (103) as Gram-negative bacilli. Against stock strains of bacteria, MICs of 10 drugs (RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM), midecamycin (MDM), midecamycin acetate (MOM), clindamycin (CLDM), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), minocycline, ofloxacin (OFLX] were determined. Against isolates from patients who underwent treatment with RKM, MICs of only 4 drugs (RKM, EM, JM, MOM) were determined. Measurements were made on plasma and urinary concentrations of RKM and its urinary recovery rates after patients including 6 boys with ages between 5 years 1 month and 11 years 6 months were administered with RKM (dry syrup). Two groups of 6 boys were administered between meals with RKM at dose levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Clinical and bacteriological effects of RKM were evaluated for 175 patients including 5 cases of pharyngitis, 3 tonsillitis, 32 pneumonia, 17 mycoplasmal pneumonia, 34 atypical pneumonia, 28 streptococcal infections, 29 Campylobacter enteritis, 4 Salmonella gastroenteritis, and 23 enteritis due to unknown organisms. Five drop-out cases were excluded from the evaluations. In the evaluable cases, an average dose level used was 31.8 mg/kg/day, with a daily dose divided into 3 to 4 administrations and with an average treatment duration of 9 days. Adverse reactions of RKM and its effects on laboratory test values were investigated in these patients including the drop out cases. Obtained results of these studies are summarized below. 1. The GA-test produced pH values indicating that amounts of gastric acid were mostly either normal or high in 42 of the 43 subjects tested (97.7%), and only one low acid case (2.3%) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 305 Jan 86

Four cases of scrub typhus pneumonitis are reported. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive Weil-Felix OX-K reaction and immunofluorescent antibody test for Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Two patients presented with atypical pneumonia and two had overwhelming pneumonia resembling adult respiratory distress syndrome. All patients made a full recovery after appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Scrub typhus pneumonitis: an entity which is frequently missed. 307 76

A patient with a long history of arthritis developed pneumonia. Two weeks into her hospital course, the patient developed effusions in her knee and wrist that yielded cultures positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the third reported case of M pneumoniae isolation from a joint and the first report of isolation of M pneumoniae from two joints in a patient without hypogammaglobulinemia. The evidence suggests that in individuals with atypical pneumonia and joint effusions, M pneumoniae should be considered as a source of infection.
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PMID:Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from synovial fluid samples in a patient with pneumonia and polyarthritis. 312 97


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