Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Isovolaemic haemodilution to a hematocrit of 10% was achieved by stepwise exchange of blood against 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in 11 splenectomized dogs. All animals survived the actuely performed extreme haemodilution; one animal died 5 days later due to massive bilateral pneumonia. Blood volume as determined by 51Cr-tagged red cells was unchanged at hematocrit 10%; 2 and 5 hours after reaching the minimum haematocrit, blood volume was reduced by 7 and 15% of control. At day 3 after dilution, blood volume was normal again. Thus under conditions of extreme isovolaemic haemodilution the volume effect of hydroxyethyl starch was found inferior to that of dextran 60. Haemodilution with HES was associated with a presistent augmentation of the serum concentration alpha-amylase.
 ...
PMID:[Hydroxyethyl starch as plasma substitute: experiments in isovolamic haemodilution (author's transl)]. 5

Quantitative glycogen determinations can be made in single blood and bone marrow cells, using microspectrophotometry or microfluorometry after staining with variants of the periodic acid--Schiff (PAS) reaction. These PAS variant reactions generally do not indicate the presence of non-glycogen PAS-positive substances, known to be prevalent in various hematopoietic cells, possibly due to masking of reactive groups. The specificity of the reaction in blood cells was ascertained by alpha-amylase digestion, which removed more than 95% of the PAS-positive material. Calibration of the PAS reaction was undertaken with a microdroplet model of pure leukocyte glycogen. The glycogen amounts in the droplets were determined by microinterferometry, the droplets were stained with a variant PAS reaction, and the total extinction of the reaction product in the stained droplets was determined by microspectrophotometry. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained from the equation k equals Etot divided by M where (Etot) is the total extinction as determined by microspectrophotometry and (M) the dry glycogen amount as determined by microinterferometry. The microinterferometric dry mass determinations were calibrated by X-ray absorption in order to obtain the absolute amounts of glycogen. For practical purposes a reference system was made of normal neutrophil leukocytes. The glycogen content in the reference neutrophils was first determined with the micromodel. These neutrophils, now with a known glycogen amount, were stained with the PAS reagents and measured microspectrophotometrically in parallel with cells containing an unknown glycogen amount. Alternatively, the staining was made with a fluorescent PAS reaction, and the glycogen content determined by microfluorometry. Both methods appeared suitable for determining the glycogen content of blood cells from patients with various diseases, though the microfluorometric method was preferable for measurements of small amounts of inhomogeneously distributed glycogen. The mean glycogen content of normal neutrophil leukocytes was found to be 13.6 times 10(-12) g. The content was increased in infectious diseases such as pneumonia and tonisillitis, as well as in polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis, while low amounts were found in untreated chronic myelocytic leukemia. In chronic myelocytic leukemia in remission, the glycogen content of mature neutrophils had completely normalized. Erythroblasts normally do not contain detectable amounts of glycogen. However, in certain diseases such as beta-thalassemia and Di Guglielomo's syndrome, appreciable amounts of glycogen accumulate in the erythropoietic precursor cells. In beta-thalassemia this was associated with an arrest in the proliferation of early polychromatic erythroblasts, which accumulate glycogen in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In all these diseases quantitative glycogen determinations in the blood cells have diagnostic importance.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative cytochemistry of glycogen in blood cells. Methods and clinical application. 107 52

Serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alpha-amylase clearance were determined in a total group of 90 patients of whom 60 with renal diseases and 30 with extrarenal diseases. The renal patients were distributed, according to diagnosis in the following groups: acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and manifest chronic renal failure. The 30 controls were hospitalized for different extrarenal diseases such as: pneumonia, gastroduodenal ulcer, arterial hypertension stage I and angina pectoris. Serum GGTP assay was performed in 60 patients (40 renal patients and 20 controls) using Boehringer monotest kits and in 30 patients (20 renal patients and 10 controls) using Romanian kits (I.C.C.F.). No changes suggesting a particular type of nephropathy were observed. The results obtained by using the two types of kits for the serum GGTP assay have proved to be very close. Alpha-amylase clearance was determined in all the patients with Spofa (R.S.C.) tablets concomitantly with the urea and creatinine clearance. Important decreases of alpha-amylase clearance in concordance with decreases of urea and creatinine clearances were observed in all the patients with severe renal failure. More moderate decreases of alpha-amylase clearance were observed in the patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis. The utility of this clearance as a test of glomerular filtration and sometimes as a prognostic test, is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Preliminary clinical and methodologic observations on the determination of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and of the alpha-amylase clearance in nephropathies. 286 37

In 35 patients with pneumonia we have tested alpha-amylase activity in isolated blood granulocytes as well in sera as in urines. The received data were compared to the results obtained in 35 healthy control group. Studied has been determined in 1 and 7 day hospitalization. Mean activity of the enzyme in granulocytes of patients was 38% higher than that in the control group. In 34% of subjects studied an increase of the enzyme activity in the serum. The results of above studies indicate that the increased activity of the enzyme in the serum of patients with pneumonia is due to the enzyme activity increase in granulocytes.
 ...
PMID:[Activity of granulocytic alpha-amylase in patients with pneumonia]. 792 Feb 75