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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunologically mediated inflammatory disorder of the pulmonary parenchyma which has been traditionally associated with the inhalation of organic dusts (farmer's lung, pigeon breeder's disease) and a variety of simple chemical compounds. More recently, the disease has been reported in association with the inhalation of aerosolized droplets in home and office settings. In Connecticut, the home and office, rather than the farm or factory, are the most common, although frequently unrecognized, environmental settings in which HP develops. We report here a case of a young, healthy woman who developed severe HP associated with the use of a portable home ultrasonic humidifier. This clinical entity should be suspected in the patient with a "recurrent viral illness" or "recurrent pneumonia." A review of the clinical and laboratory findings of humidifier-induced HP are discussed in relation to its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Conn Med 1991 Oct
PMID:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with a portable home humidifier. 179 95

An analysis of 125 patients with closed head injury was completed in order to identify the risk factors involved in the development of early pneumonia. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 60% of the patients. Early pneumonia developed in 47.8% of the patients. Brain-injured patients who developed early pneumonia were found to have a lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Early pneumonia was found more often in patients with swallowing disorders and evidence of aspiration. Patients who had been intubated in the field were found to be at greater risk for the development of early pneumonia than those intubated in the hospital. Patients with early pneumonia had prolonged intubation times, intensive care unit stays, and hospital stays. This study suggests that a GCS score less than 5, evidence for swallowing disorders and aspiration, and field intubation are risk factors for early pneumonia in the brain-injured patient.
Conn Med 1995 Nov
PMID:Factors associated with early onset pneumonia in the severely brain-injured patient. 856 7

Influenza is usually a benign, self-limiting illness. Occasionally influenza may be complicated by pneumonia. There is some impairment of cell-mediated immunity in pregnancy so that influenza pneumonia in pregnancy may rapidly progress to acute respiratory failure and other multisystem dysfunction. We present a case of influenza pneumonia in the third trimester of pregnancy in a normal host leading to acute respiratory failure which had a favorable outcome following standard supportive therapy.
Conn Med 1996 Aug
PMID:A case of acute respiratory failure in pregnancy. 882 75

Human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection often presents with an unusual symptom complex. Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a frequent opportunistic infection in the late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), CMV pneumonitis as an initial manifestation of HIV infection is not documented in the medical literature. We report a previously healthy patient with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates who was found to have CMV pneumonitis; only later was HIV virus infection diagnosed. Cytomegalovirus is a frequently isolated pathogen from respiratory secretions in AIDS patients. The role of CMV as a sole pulmonary pathogen is controversial. After exclusion of other pathogens, CMV was demonstrated by histological changes and viral culture in our case. This case indicates that pulmonary infiltrates presenting as the first manifestation of HIV infection can be caused by CMV infection.
Conn Med 1999 Oct
PMID:Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis as an initial presentation in an HIV-infected patient. 1057 48

Emerging evidence suggests that vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) within methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are increasing. The objective of this surveillance study was to determine vancomycin MIC distributions for MRSA isolates collected from the respiratory tract of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) at a large community hospital in Hartford, Connecticut. The frequency of heteroresistant vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) was also assessed for select isolates. Vancomycin MICs and hVISA screening were conducted using standard inoculum and macromethod Etest methodology, respectively, for isolates collected between November 2005 and August 2007. Fifty-eight isolates of MRSA were collected over the two-year period. The MIC50 and MIC90 were both 2 microg/ml; 31.0% and 58.6% of isolates had vancomycin MICs of 1.5 microg/ml and 2 microg/ml, respectively. None of the isolates tested were positive for hVISA; four isolates were VISA. Vancomycin MICs for respiratory MRSA at this Connecticut hospital are elevated. Institution-specific surveillance in the state is warranted.
Conn Med
PMID:Elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia at a Connecticut hospital. 1963 63

We report the first case of adrenocortical carcinoma secreting cortisol (Cushing's syndrome) and aldosterone (Conn's syndrome) with extensive distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. A 72-year-old male with exertional dyspnea sought evaluation at our institution. The pattern of tumor spread (lung, pleura, bone and adrenal gland) and respiratory symptoms secondary to the tumor led clinicians to diagnose the primary tumor site as lung cancer and the adrenal mass as a metastatic site. However, endocrinologic studies and a biopsy revealed the primary site to be adrenocortical carcinoma. After histopathologic confirmation, the patient was treated with palliative chemotherapy, including mitotane, cisplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin. The patient died on the 14th day after chemotherapy of rapidly progressive and unexpected pneumonia, which was thought to be an opportunistic infection secondary to Cushing's syndrome. Our case suggests that a thorough endocrinologic investigation is important in patients with an adrenal mass and clinicians should be aware that patients with adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome are susceptible to infections and need to be observed carefully for the possible development of unrecognized opportunistic infections.
 ...
PMID:Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma presenting simultaneously with Cushing's and Conn's syndromes: a case report. 2198 52

Legionella infection most commonly manifests as pneumonia. Extrapulmonarylegionellosis is rare, but the clinical manifestations are often dramatic. Myocardialinvolvementis the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of legionellosis and can result in left ventricular dysfunction. We report a case of Legionellapneumopbila-induced myocarditis and acute left ventricular dysfunction with subsequent development of torsades de pointes (TdP) in a young adult with no other risk factors. Early recognition of this complication is paramount as timely initiation of appropriate antibiotics is crucial to ensure full recovery from this form of reversible carditis.
Conn Med
PMID:Legionella pneumonia complicated by myocarditis and torsades de pointes: A case report and review of literature. 2392 49

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and synovial sarcomas are both rare lesions in the mediastinum. Rarer still is a collision tumor in that region. Herein we present a case of a collision tumor comprised of AVM and synovial sarcoma in a 76-year-old man, presenting with pneumonia. Imaging showed a vascular lesion that spontaneously ruptured, causing enlargement of the mass and hemothorax. The resected specimen revealed the malignant second component. This report is a discussion of the never-before reported lesion.
Conn Med 2015 Feb
PMID:Synovial Sarcoma-AV Malformation Collision in the Anterior Mediastinum. 2624 6

Hemoptysis, a common sign of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, can be caused by multiple factors, both infectious and noninfectious. A 45-year-old male with hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and stage IV pulmonary sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement, presented with a two-month history of cough and acute nonmassive hemoptysis with hypoxia. A chest CT showed ground glass consolidation and interlobular septal thickening, concerning for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Flexible bronchoscopy confirmed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; microbiological analyses of bronchoalveolar washings did not reveal a causative organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM in serum studies was consistent with mycoplasma pneumonia as the most likely etiology of this patient's diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and resultant hemoptysis. This report points to the need to consider atypical mycoplasma pneumonia as a possible etiology of hemoptysis in patients with underlying sarcoidosis.
Conn Med 2016 Mar
PMID:An Atypical Case of Hemoptysis. 2716 98

Coccidioides immitis is a fungus endemic to the southwest United States and can present as an asymptomatic infection, acute pneumonia, chronic progressive pneumonia, or disseminated extrapulmonary infection which most commonly involves the skin, lymph nodes, bones, joints, or meninges. Diagnosis can be made by serologic testing or by biopsy or culture of affected tissue. Acute pneumonia due to fungi cannot be readily distinguished from bacterial pneumonia without specific diagnostic testing. Occasionally, endobronchial/tracheal lesions can be found on bronchoscopy in patients with fungal pneumonia, and when present, should raise suspicion for this entity. We present a case of acute pneumonia due to C. immitis in a non-endemic region thatwas rapidly diagnosed by biopsy of an endobronchial excrescence. We discuss previous reports of airway involvement in fungal infections and the importance of direct discussion with a pathologist when attempting to identify regionally uncommon organisms.
Conn Med 2016 10
PMID:Coccidioides Immitis Infection with Involvement of the Airway. 2977 39


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