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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. The clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. Some of the calves died. The pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. Interstitial emphysema was also present. Fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; in nine calves the rise was fourfold or greater. Respiratory syncytial virus was not isolated from the calves. There was no evidence of parainfluenza type 3 virus involvement. The adult cows being sucked by the calves remained clinically normal throughout the incident. Six calves examined six weeks after the outbreak started had a chronic cuffing pneumonia characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis; some of the calves also had bronchiolitis obliterans. Mycoplasma dispar was found in two of them.
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PMID:Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 725 27

New histological lesions have been reported in the lungs of preterm neonates treated with surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Globular deposits of hyaline maternal in parenchymal air spaces, absence of hyaline membranes, and increased interstitial cellularity and edema without associated fibrosis have been described. Fifteen histological findings were assessed in the lung pathology of 76 infants with RDS from three study groups. Group I (24 infants) died in the presurfactant era (before 1982), group II (26 infants) died despite having surfactant treatment, and group III (26 infants) were either untreated controls or did not receive surfactant for other reasons. The three groups were comparable in respect of sex and survival time. All infants were 34 weeks of gestation or less. Infants with a significant congenital abnormality or pulmonary hypoplasia were excluded. The 76 cases were assessed independently and "blindly" by two pathologists. The histological findings assessed were alveolar collapse; epithelial necrosis, proliferation, and metaplasia; hyaline membranes; dilated lymphatics; pulmonary interstitial emphysema; interstitial edema, inflammation, and fibrosis; arteriolar muscular hyperplasia; interstitial and intra alveolar hemorrhage; massive pulmonary hemorrhage; and pneumonia. No significant differences were found in any of the histological findings between the three groups. The hyaline membranes seen in the surfactant-treated infants were identical to those in the untreated lungs and were of the characteristic linear type. Interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and edema were present in all three groups. It has also been suggested that surfactant therapy protects preterm infants from interstitial hemorrhage but predisposes them to intra-alveolar hemorrhage. No significant difference in the incidence of intra-alveolar and interstitial hemorrhage in the three groups was identified.
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PMID:Surfactant replacement therapy in preterm neonates: a comparison of postmortem pulmonary histology in treated and untreated infants. 785 14

The endothelin system plays an important role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Several studies have suggested that interfering with the function of the endothelin system will be helpful in pulmonary hypertension treatment. In the present study, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of sildenafil on pulmonary hypertension in monocrotaline-treated rats. In the preventive study, the level of mean pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular divide, left ventricular and septum, small pulmonary arterial morphologic and elastic fiber changes were highly improved in the treated group (P<0.05). The expressions of endothelin-1 A type receptors on small pulmonary arterial hypertension were significantly reduced in the sildenafil-treated group (P<0.05). The ET-1 level in plasma was increased in the sildenafil-treated group, but did not reach significance. Emphysema, interstitial pneumonia were significantly improved in the sildenafil-treated group. The same findings were also observed in the therapeutic study. The present results suggest that sildenafil can prevent and reverse the development of pulmonary hypertension in monocrotaline-treated rats by improving the function of endothelin system in pulmonary arteries.
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PMID:Oral sildenafil prevents and reverses the development of pulmonary hypertension in monocrotaline-treated rats. 1767 Jul 42