Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chlamydia trachomatis is recognized as a common sexually transmitted cervical pathogen that may be transmitted to the neonate at delivery. Neonatal infection may be manifested as conjunctivitis, pneumonitis or both. Additionally, cervical infection may be related to premature rupture of the membranes and premature delivery. Women registering for prenatal care in the first half of pregnancy were cultured for Chlamydia to further define its role as a cause of perinatal complications and to evaluate a method of preventing transmission to the neonate. Positive cultures were obtained in 33 of 221 women evaluated (14.9%). No significant differences were found in pregnancy or neonatal complications between the groups with positive and negative cultures. Women with positive cultures were treated at 36 weeks' gestation with erythromycin; 18 received an adequate course of therapy. Of these 18, 16 returned with their infants four to eight weeks postpartum. No symptoms of conjunctivitis or pneumonitis were noted at that time, and cultures of the conjunctiva and nasopharynx were negative in all the infants. Thus, surveillance for Chlamydia and treatment late in pregnancy appear to have no adverse impact on pregnancy and effectively block vertical transmission of the organism.
 ...
PMID:Chlamydial infections in pregnancy. 395 Aug 76

The authors report a prospective study of the correlation between histopathological alterations in the placenta and the umbilical cord and neonatal infection in 223 newborns. The pathological studies were specifically concerned with the presence of infection as shown by a polymorphonuclear infiltrate at these sites. Inflammatory lesions were demonstrated in 26.9% of specimens and were highest in those with prolonged premature rupture of membranes and in the least mature placentas. Among the cases of histological chorioamnionitis, only 23.3% of infants had documented infection. Neonatal infection was diagnosed in 7.2% of the newborns and was 10 times more frequent in preterm newborns. Among the cases of infected newborns, 87.5% of placentas had histological chorioamnionitis. Pneumonia and septicemia were the most frequent conditions found among infected newborns. There was a strong correlation between histological chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection. The data obtained in this investigation suggest that histological chorioamnionitis is an important indicator of neonatal infection.
 ...
PMID:A case-control study of histological chorioamnionitis and neonatal infection. 771 61

Although infrequent, untreated neonatal herpes results in death in half the cases and neurologic sequelae in three quarters of the survivors. Neonatal infection is usually acquired from maternal genital herpes, which is asymptomatic or unrecognized in 60% to 80% of women. The greatest risk of neonatal infection occurs when the mother has primary genital herpes involving the cervix at delivery, and the infant is premature and delivered with instrumentation (eg, scalp electrodes). More than 80% of neonates with herpes will have typical herpetic lesions of the skin, eye, or mouth, and most of the remainder will have either encephalitis or a sepsis syndrome with pneumonitis and hepatitis and negative bacterial cultures. Because herpes can mimic other neonatal infections, laboratory diagnosis is important, using cultures of the virus from lesions, peripheral blood white cells, or CSF. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir does reduce mortality and neurologic sequelae, but outcome is still guarded in babies with disseminated disease or encephalitis. Prevention focuses on caesarean section in women with active lesions at the time of impending delivery and avoidance of postnatal exposure. Further studies are needed to determine whether maternal screening (eg, HSV-2 type specific antibodies and vaginal cultures in selected women at delivery) will be cost effective in preventing neonatal herpes.
 ...
PMID:Herpes simplex virus infection of the fetus and newborn. 801 61

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is an uncommon disease that rarely presents as sudden unexpected death of a previously healthy newborn. Clinical manifestations are variable; signs and symptoms may be subtle and nonspecific. Neonatal infection may present with mucocutaneous (skin, eye, and/or mouth), disseminated, or central nervous system disease. Morbidity and mortality are dependent upon disease presentation and treatment. The infection is most frequently transmitted during the peripartum period, although the majority of mothers have no known history of HSV infection at the time of delivery. Findings at autopsy include gastrointestinal or mucocutaneous ulcers, diffuse hepatic necrosis, adrenal necrosis, pneumonitis, and splenic necrosis. Characteristic intranuclear viral inclusions are identified on microscopic examination. Coinfection with bacterial organisms may contribute to death. Autopsy examination with appropriate ancillary studies, including cultures, is critical given that many infants lack cutaneous manifestations of disease and remain undiagnosed prior to death.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection with Escherichia Coli Coinfection. 2867 13