Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical efficacy and the safety of cefteram pivoxil granule (CFTM-PI, T-2588), a newly prepared drug for pediatric use, were performed. A total of 60 patients with ages between 6 months and 14 years 3 months with pediatric infections were medicated with CFTM-PI at dose levels of 3.2-9.9 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3-11 days. Clinical responses to the drug were excellent in 3 of 3 patients with acute pharyngitis, excellent in 14, good in 5 and poor in 2 of 21 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, excellent in 1 and good in 2 of 3 patients with acute bronchitis, excellent in 16 and good in 8 of 24 patients with acute pneumonia, excellent in 3 and good in 1 of 4 patients with acute urinary tract infection and excellent in 2 of 2 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis, hence the overall clinical efficacy rate was 96.5% in a total of 57 patients. Bacteriological responses to the drug were as follows: Eradicated, 8 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive; 7, beta-lactamase negative; 12), 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase positive) and 4 strains of Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase positive; 1, beta-lactamase negative; 3), decreased, 1 strain of S. pyogenes, hence the eradication rate was 97.2%. No side effects were encountered in any of the patients but for 3 who had diarrhoea and 1 who had loose stool, though these changes were slight. As abnormal laboratory test data, elevation of GOT was noted in 1 case, thrombocytosis and elevation of GPT in another. Also, none of the patients refused or complained of difficulty in intaking of the drug via oral route. In conclusion, CFTM-PI appeared to be a safe and highly effective antibiotic against pediatric infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 58

Laboratory and clinical studies on rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup, a new macrolide antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates after oral administration on fasting of RKM dry syrup at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg to 2 and 1 cases, respectively, were determined. Peak plasma levels were obtained in 30 minutes after administration of both dosages with half-lives of 1.5 to 2.2 hours. A clear-cut dose response was observed. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after administration ranged from 1.75 to 2.26%. 2. The MICs of RKM against 80 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 9, Streptococcus pneumoniae 14, Branhamella catarrhalis 4, Haemophilus influenzae 27, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 9, Haemophilus haemolyticus 2, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus 14 and Campylobacter jejuni 1) were compared with MICs of midecamycin acetate (MOM), josamycin (JM) and erythromycin (EM). The antibacterial activity of RKM was superior to those of MOM and JM and slightly inferior to that of EM. 3. Twenty-eight pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (acute tonsillitis 4, streptococcal infection 4, acute bronchitis 9, pneumonia 4, mycoplasmal pneumonia 2 and Campylobacter enteritis 5) were treated with RKM dry syrup at a daily dose of 12-42.9 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. Efficacy rates were 92.9% clinically and 58.6% bacteriologically. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were mild; thrombocytosis in 2 and eosinophilia in 1. 5. The taste and the odor of RKM dry syrup preparation were sufficiently tolerable for the pediatric patients to accept it.
 ...
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 317 61

Pharmacokinetical, bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new cephem antibiotic, were conducted in the pediatric field. 1. Mean drug concentrations in the blood after intravenous one shot injection of FMOX 20 mg/kg to 5 children (aged 5-8 years) were 39.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 24.1 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 12.2 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.1 microgram/ml at 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean half-life in blood was 0.65 hour. Mean concentrations in urine was 3,558 micrograms/ml during 0-2 hours after intravenous injection, 568 micrograms/ml during 2-4 hours, and 117 micrograms/ml during 4-6 hours. The mean 6-hour urinary recovery rate was 72.8%. 2. Clinically, FMOX was administered to 32 children (5 months to 9 years) with infections, i.e. 29 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis and cellulitis. The treatment was excellent in 24 cases and good in 8. Thus, the efficacy rate was 100%. 3. The bacteriological effect of FMOX was investigated using 11 clinical isolates which were considered to be causative organisms, i.e. 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 8 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Except one strain (H. influenzae) which was just decreased, all the bacteria were eliminated. 4. No side effect was found at all. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevation of GOT was found in 1 case, thrombocytosis in 2, and eosinophilia in 1 but all the changes were slight and were normalized by the time of re-examination. The above results suggest that FMOX is a useful and safe drug for the pediatric practice just as in the adult field.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetical, bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. 343 Jul 14

Bacteriological and clinical studies with flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new oxacephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The antimicrobial activity of FMOX against clinically isolated organisms was determined. FMOX had a good antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and especially against Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin resistant S. aureus). 2. Mean serum concentrations of FMOX following intravenous bolus injection of 20 and 40 mg/kg (in 7 and 4 cases, respectively) were 35.3 and 77.7 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after administration with mean serum half-lives (T1/2) of 0.75 and 0.95 hours and mean urinary recovery rates up to 6 hours after administration were 71.9 and 65.1%, respectively. 3. Twenty-five pediatric patients (19 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pyothorax and 5 cases of urinary tract infection) were treated with FMOX in doses ranging from 50 to 138 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 times a day. The rate of clinical effectiveness was 100% and the bacterial elimination rate was 90.6%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were eosinophilia in 1, thrombocytosis in 2 and slight elevations of GOT and GPT in 3 patients. These results indicate the usefulness and the safety of FMOX in the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics]. 343 Jul 15

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Twenty-eight patients were treated with 39-152 mg/kg per day of FMOX by intravenous administration. Diagnosis of patients were pneumonia in 15 patients, acute upper respiratory tract infection in 5, acute enterocolitis in 3, urinary tract infection in 2 and cholangitis, suppurative lymphadenitis and suspicious sepsis in 1 patient each. Clinical effect was excellent in 7 cases, good in 8, fair in 5, poor in 2 and 6 cases were excluded because therapy periods were too short and other antibiotics were used together. Efficacy rate was 68% and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 83%. 2. Rash was found in 5 cases and thrombocytosis was found in 1 out of 28 cases. However, no severe adverse reaction was encountered. 3. The peak serum level of FMOX was 51.0 micrograms/ml after 20 mg/kg of drip infusion for 30 minutes and the half-life was 17.2 minutes in alpha-phase and 58.2 minutes in beta-phase.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetics evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics]. 343 Jul 19

The transfer to cerebrospinal fluid of a new oxacephem antibiotic flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S) and its clinical efficacy against bacterial infections were investigated. 1. In 3 cases of purulent meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of FMOX after one shot intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg during the acute stage of infections were 5.12-6.32 micrograms/ml and ratios of FMOX in cerebrospinal fluid in serum were about 5%. During the recovery stage, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were about 3.8 micrograms/ml and cerebrospinal fluid/serum ratios were about 3.5%. 2. In 1 case of purulent meningitis, the treatment with FMOX was clinically effective but this case was classified as "unevaluable" because other drug was used concomitantly. FMOX was rated effective in other 2 cases of purulent meningitis. Of 9 cases of pneumonia, FMOX was rated very effective in 8 cases and it was rated only effective in the other. Of 4 cases of bronchitis, the drug was rated very effective in 3 cases and only effective in the other. FMOX was rated very effective against 2 cases of tonsillitis, also. 3. As side effects, thrombocytosis was observed in 3 of 20 cases examined. All cases, however, were deemed unrelated to the FMOX treatment and the side effect was only transient as are often found in courses of recovery from infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of flomoxef in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 343 Jul 23

Nineteen episodes of infection in 17 children (one had 3 episodes) were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. The ages of patients ranged from 1 month to 8 years 1 month and their body weights ranged from 3.9 to 25.2 kg. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered intravenously by a 30-60 minutes infusion, in doses ranging from 8-42 mg/8-42 mg/kg every 6 to 12 hours for 3 to 40.5 days. Among 18 episodes in 16 patients (one patient proved to have rubella meningoencephalitis and was excluded from evaluation of the clinical efficacy) with bacterial infections including sepsis, pneumonia, acute suppurative thyroiditis and urinary tract infections, the results were excellent in 10, good in 5, fair in 2, and poor in 1 episode. Some side effects were noted; among all 19 episodes in the 17 patients diarrhea was noted in 3, rash in 1, slightly elevated serum transaminases in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1 episode. Pharmacokinetic studies were done in 7 patients whose ages ranged from 3 years 2 months to 13 years 1 month. Plasma concentrations of MK-0787 in 2 children were 19.6 and 20.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 5.6 and 2.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after a 10 mg/10 mg/kg intravenous 30-minute drip infusion of MK-0787/MK-0791. Plasma half-lives of MK-0787 were 1.52 and 0.74 hour, and total urinary recoveries were 54.6 and 71.4% during 0-6 hours. After a 20 mg/20 mg/kg intravenous 30-minute drip infusion into 2 other children, plasma concentrations of MK-0787 were 46.8 and 44.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 7.8 and 7.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours. Plasma half-lives were 0.82 and 0.83 hour, and total urinary recoveries were 110.2 and 80.5% during 0-6 hours. Plasma concentrations of MK-0787 were less than 0.2, 0.2 and 1.2 micrograms/ml just before the next doses in 3 patients given 11-20 mg/11-20 mg/kg of MK-0787/MK-0791 every 6-8 hours. The time course of the plasma levels and urinary excretion in these patients were similar to those noted in the previous 4 patients following a single dose. Plasma concentrations of MK-0787 in a girl were 0.3 micrograms/ml just before the next dose and 8.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after multiple doses of 14 mg/14 mg/kg every 6 hours for 3 days and then 28 mg/28 mg/kg every 6 hours for 35 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children]. 346 72

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Fifty-nine children were enrolled in an open trial of aztreonam, a monocyclic beta-lactam, therapy for serious gram-negative infections. Thirty-six infections were microbiologically evaluable and received five or more days of therapy. Patients' ages ranged from 3 days to 12 years, and diagnoses included pyelonephritis or cystitis (20), deep soft tissue or joint infection (seven), septicemia (four), pneumonia (three), peritonitis, and epiglottitis. Causative bacteria included Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae. The standard regimen was 30 mg/kg every six or eight hours intravenously. All isolates were aztreonam-susceptible and were eradicated during therapy. Two patients had microbiologic relapses: a patient with Salmonella choleraesuis meningitis who was initially treated for only ten days and a patient with E coli pyelonephritis. Clinical cure was achieved in 31 of 36 children. Pharmacokinetic studies performed in six children demonstrated no difference in serum concentrations or pharmacokinetic variables between day 1 and day 7 of therapy. Although several patients had transient eosinophilia (eight), elevated levels of aminotransferase (seven), or thrombocytosis (ten), no clinically significant adverse effects were noted. In this initial, uncontrolled study, aztreonam was effective and safe in the treatment of a variety of serious gram-negative infections in children.
 ...
PMID:Aztreonam therapy for serious gram-negative infections in children. 376 90

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML-46 patients) and various entities of chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD-58 patients) an evaluation and comparison of clinical and postmortem findings has been performed. This study included also aspirates and core biopsies of the bone marrow which were initially taken on admission of those patients. Classification of CMPD was done following the concept of Georgii et al. (1984) into CGL -24-, CMGM-6-, E-MS-13- and MS/OMS-15 cases. There was a significant increase in blastic crisis in CGL compared with the other entities and in the latter a prolongation of the total course of disease due to a long period between symptoms--clinical diagnosis. As revealed by the autopsies causes of death were mostly infections (pneumonia, septicemia-50%) and lethal hemorrhages (gastrointestinal and cerebral--about 30%) in both AML and CMGM patients. Rare causes comprised fatal pulmonary embolism due to a peripheral thrombocytosis in CMPD, acute rupture of the spleen and extensive leukemic infiltrates of the myocard in AML. In addition to the well known giant enlargement of the spleen in MS/OMS, the relatively high frequency of a meningeal involvement (meningeosis leukemica) in AML (about 35%) and during an acute transformation in CMPD (up to 30%) was conspicuous. The examination of the bone marrow at various sites became feasible during the postmortem procedure and thus provided the opportunity to investigate the development and extent of a myelosclerosis evolving in CMPD. In contrast to the a- or hypoplasia and regeneration of the hematopoiesis following chemotherapy, the evolution of myelosclerotic lesions showed a very uniform pattern throughout the skeleton and obviously no reversal of a manifest MS/OMS after cytotoxic treatment.
 ...
PMID:Autopsy and clinical findings in acute leukemia and chronic myeloproliferative diseases--an evaluation of 104 patients. 385 35


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>