Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical trials of cefdinir (CFDN) in pediatric infections were carried out. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Mean half-lives of CFDN in serum in children when administered on an empty stomach were 1.24 hours (3 mg/kg per os) and 1.85 hours (6 mg/kg per os). 2. Mean 8 hour urinary excretion rates of CFDN were 19.0% (3 mg/kg/per os) and 10.5% (6 mg/kg per os). 3. CFDN was administered to 28 children with various infections: 12 patients with tonsillitis, 8 with bronchitis, 2 with pneumonia, 4 with urinary tract infections, 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and 1 with impetigo. The overall efficacy rate was 89.3%. 4. Diarrhea was noted in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory test values encountered were eosinophilia in 2 patients, thrombocytosis in 1.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefdinir in pediatric field]. 228 18

During 8 months from October 1986 to May 1987, the clinical efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was evaluated in 63 pediatric inpatients with various infections. Clinical efficacies were evaluable in 58 patients among them (consisting of 2 patients with sepsis, 3 with tonsillitis, 12 with bronchitis, 6 with bronchopneumonia, 24 with pneumonia, 1 with phlegmon, 2 with lymphadenitis, 1 with impetigo and 7 with urinary tract infection) and were excellent in 40 patients and good in 17 with an overall efficacy rate of 98.3%. Bacteriological efficacies were assessed in 25 patients and 27 strains of organisms (consisting of 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 Streptococcus pyogenes, 2 beta-Streptococcus, 1 Gram-positive cocci, 5 Escherichia coli, 1 Enterobacter aerogenes, 7 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 Branhamella catarrhalis, 1 Proteus mirabilis and 1 Salmonella subgenus I). Bacteriological eradication rates were 88.9% for Gram-positive organisms, 66.7% for Gram-negative organisms and 74.1% overall. No superinfection was observed in any of patients treated. Side effects and clinical laboratory parameter abnormalities observed consisted of diarrhea in 7 (11.1%) of the 63 patients, eosinophilia in 2 (3.3%) of 61 tested, thrombocytosis in 3 (5.5%) of 55, elevation of direct bilirubin in 1 (3.3%) of 30, elevation of total bilirubin in 1 (3.1%) of 32, elevation of GOT in 4 (6.8%) of 59 and elevation of GPT in 1 (1.7%) of 59 patients tested. As an effect on the hemostatic mechanism of this drug, PIVKA II was detected in 1 patient (4.2%) of 24 tested, but findings of other coagulation tests were normal and none of patients showed bleeding tendency or inhibition of platelet aggregation. From the above results, it appears that SBT/ABPC is an efficacious and safe drug in the treatment of bacterial infections of pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in the field of pediatrics]. 266 49

Clinical trials were carried out on the use of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) (combination rate of 1:2) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows: 1. The mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC in the serum following intravenous injection of SBT/ABPC were about 1.05 and 0.90 hours, respectively. 2. The mean urinary excretions of SBT and ABPC in 6 hours after intravenous injection of SBT/ABPC were 71.2% and 62.2%, respectively. 3. SBT/ABPC was administered to 23 pediatric patients with various infections: 17 patients with pneumonia, 3 with tonsillitis, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with cervical lymphadenitis. The overall efficacy rate was 95.7%. In particular, 2 urinary tract infections caused by highly beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli were improved by the treatment with SBT/ABPC. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases of mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory test values included thrombocytosis in 4 and slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1, but they were transient.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in pediatric field]. 274 47

A combination drug of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was intravenously administrated to 18 patients with ages 3 months to 10 years 10 months with various acute infections including 14 cases of pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, empyema and suspected sepsis. Clinical responses were excellent in 14 cases and good in 4 cases. Bacteriological responses of 8 isolated strains were: 7 strains were eradicated and 1 strain was decreased. No side effect was observed in any case. Eosinophilia was observed in 2 cases, thrombocytosis in 2 cases, elevation of GOT in 1 case and elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 case. From the above results, it seemed that SBT/ABPC was a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study on sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 52

The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) were evaluated in 21 children with a variety of infections. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 4 children, each receiving a single dose of 60 mg/kg, were evaluated. The average half-life of SBT was 1.03 hours and that of ABPC was 0.83 hour. 2. In vitro antimicrobiol activity (MIC) of SBT/ABPC in which SBT and ABPC are combined at a ratio of 1:2 was stronger than ABPC alone and was quite effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae, but activity against Escherichia coli was relatively low. Antimicrobial activity of SBT/ABPC against S. aureus was almost equal to those of piperacillin (PIPC), cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ), but against H. influenzae was stronger than those of CEZ and CMZ. Activity against E. coli was lower than those of PIPC, CEZ and CMZ. 3. A total of 21 patients including 3 with pharyngitis, 10 with bronchitis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute enteritis, pyelonephritis and suspected sepsis were treated with SBT/ABPC. The clinical efficacy rate for these patients was 95.2% (20/21). The bacteriological eradication rate was 80% (8/10). 4. There were 4 instances of side effects, 1 case each of eruption, diarrhea, thrombocytosis and eosinophilia, but all symptoms were transient.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in pediatrics]. 274 54

1. Absorption and elimination Serum and urinary levels of cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221) were determined in 7 children with ages ranging from 3 to 12 years after a intravenous bolus injection of the drug at 20 mg/kg. The average serum level of the drug was 119.27 +/- 13.83 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, then decreased gradually with a half-life of 2.01 +/- 0.25 hours to 10.56 +/- 2.93 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. The average urinary elimination rate was 77.34 +/- 12.60%. 2. Clinical study CDZM was given to the following 39 patients with ages ranging from 2 months to 15 years and clinical efficacy, bacteriological response and adverse reactions were evaluated. The treated cases were 2 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 30 cases of acute pneumonia, 1 case of acute purulent otitis media and 2 cases of acute urinary tract infections. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 29 cases, good in 5 cases and poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 97.1%. Organisms presumed to be pathogens included 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 beta-Streptococcus, 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 9 Haemophilus influenzae (1 beta-lactamase producing strain and 8 non-producing strains) and 1 Enterococcus faecalis. The last one was decreased and the others were eradicated with an eradication rate of 93.3% for all strains. Adverse reactions occurred in no patients. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values involved only 1 case each of elevated GOT, elevated GOT and GPT, eosinophilia and thrombocytosis. Based on the above-mentioned result and features of this drug, it was confirmed that this drug showed an excellent usefulness in the treatment of infections in childhood. It may be also effective in the management of infections under immunosuppression.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on cefodizime in pediatrics]. 279 56

Clinical trials of cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221) were carried out in pediatric infection. Results are summarized as follows. 1. The mean half-life of CDZM in the serum following intravenous injection of CDZM (20 mg/kg) was about 2.06 hours. 2. The mean urinary excretion rate of CDZM within 8 hours after intravenous injection of CDZM was 60.1%. 3. CDZM was administrated to 19 pediatric patients with various infections; 9 cases of pneumonia, 3 bronchitis, 1 cervical lymphadenitis, 2 tonsillitis and 4 urinary tract infections. The overall efficacy rate was 94.7%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory test values found were thrombocytosis in 2, slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 and eosinophilia in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatric field]. 279 57

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotic, was injected intravenously to 13 cases of pediatric infections. Patients received the drug at a dose level of approximately 20 mg/kg x 3 times daily. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 4 patients, good in 6 and poor in 0 for 10 cases (2 phlegmon, 1 periproctal abscess, 5 pneumonia and 2 bronchitis) except 3 Mycoplasma pneumonia. 2. Three strains of pathogens were followed for their changes (Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 phlegmon, Klebsiella pneumoniae in periproctal abscess and Haemophilus influenzae in 1 bronchitis) and they were found to have been eliminated. 3. No adverse reactions occurred. Abnormal changes in laboratory test data found were 2 cases of eosinophilia, 1 cash each of increased GOT and GPT, and thrombocytosis, but none of them was severe.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefodizime on pediatric infections]. 279 61

Eighteen patients 2 months to 11 years of age with culture proven bacterial infections were treated with parenteral ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in a noncomparative study. Seven patients had pneumonia, two had tracheobronchitis, three had soft tissue abscess, two had periorbital cellulitis, three had urinary tract infection and one had purulent bursitis. Four of the 18 were bacteremic. Organisms treated included Staphylococcus aureus (6), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), Haemophilus influenzae (2), Branhamella catarrhalis (2), Escherichia coli (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), Streptococcus pyogenes (1) and Serratia marcescens (1). Thirteen of 15 (87%) organisms tested were beta-lactamase positive. Therapy was given intravenously in six doses per day at 310 mg/kg. Duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 28 (mean 11) days, with an average time of 4 days to clinical improvement. Seventeen patients (94%) were clinically cured. One patient with recurrent aspiration pneumonia due to mixed infection with multiple gram-negative enteric bacilli failed therapy. Adverse effects were minimal and transient. Notably, mild to moderate thrombocytosis occurred in four (22%) patients that resolved uneventfully. We conclude that ticarcillin/clavulanic acid is safe and effective therapy for serious infections in hospitalized children.
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PMID:Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid combination. Treatment of bacterial infections in hospitalized children. 280 57

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a newly developed oral cephem, were carried out in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics. 1. Since CPDX demonstrates very powerful antimicrobial actions against such Gram-negative bacilli as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., such Gram-positive cocci as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, this drug was thought to be useful for the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases when main causative bacteria in the field of pediatrics were taken into account. 2. When changes in blood and urine concentrations of CPDX following the administration of this drug at 3.7 mg/kg before meal were determined, Cmax and T1/2 were found to be 2.98 micrograms/ml at 2-hour and 1.73 hours, respectively; an urinary excretion rate in the first 6 hours and a maximum urine concentration were 32.5% and 52 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Clinically, 8 of 8 patients with the upper respiratory tract infections (100%), 28 of 29 patients with bronchitis and/or pneumonia (96.6%), 3 of 4 patients with otitis media (75%), 2 of 2 patients with sinusitis (100%), 3 of 3 patients with the skin soft tissue infections (100%), 1 of 1 patient with bacterial enteritis (100%) and 11 of 14 patients with urinary tract infections (78.6%) responded well to the treatment with CPDX-PR, showing a 91.8% efficacy rate in all the patients treated. 4. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium were all eradicated from 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 5, 5, 11 and 1 patient, respectively. An eradication rate in all the patients examined was 97.5% (39/40). 5. Gastrointestinal symptoms appeared as side effects in 2 of 71 patients (vomiting in 1 and diarrhea in 1), hence, an incidence of side effects was 2.8% (2/71). As for abnormal laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in 3 of 39 patients examined (7.7%), 1 of 39 patients (2.6%) and 2 of 34 patients (5.9%), respectively. In addition, we also examined the effect of the drug on the hemostatic system, but found no changes upon the treatment. Based on these results, it appeared that CPDX-PR was a useful and safe drug in treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics when administered 2-3 times a day at a dose of 3-6 mg/kg.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 29


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