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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with acute Legionnaires' disease (LD) pneumonia may have persistent chronic pulmonary changes, as shown by the histologic appearance of specimens of lung from patients who had survived and autopsy specimens from patients who died after a protracted clinical course. Acute pneumonia was not seen in these lungs, and LD organisms could not be identified by the direct fluorescent antibody technique or the Dieterle silver impregnation strain; instead, there was organizing pneumonia with various degrees of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The LD pneumonia may fail to resolve, and the lung parenchyma in areas of previous acute inflammation is not restored to normal in some patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary sequelae of acute Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. 43 33

Acute pneumonia caused by Pasteurella multocida appeared in two elderly patients. One patient had chronic obstructive lung disease and the other developed aspiration pneumonia after an episode of cardiac arrest. Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from the initial sputum cultures. The delay in recognizing the pathogen resulted in extension of the pneumonia and abscess formation in the patient with obstructive lung disease. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from a percutaneous transtracheal aspirate in both patients and from the blood of one. They recovered after treatment with a penicillin administered in higher than usual dosage over a period of several weeks.
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PMID:Acute Pasteurella multocida pneumonia. 86 Nov 54

A combined immunologic examination included 67 patients with concurrent lung pathology (tuberculosis with pneumonia), 64 with tuberculosis and 71 with pneumonia. The relation of the immune status to the pattern of the process was demonstrated proceeding from the findings. Pneumonia in the abatement phase had no influence on the immunologic parameters of a tuberculosis patient. Acute pneumonia combined with tuberculosis was marked by suppressed T-lymphocyte functional and specific activity, increased counts of T-suppressors and the presence of antituberculous antibodies. It was found that the newly developed diagnostic tables can be used effectively for differentiating the combined pathology from the uncomplicated tuberculosis and pneumonia.
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PMID:[Immunologic status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia]. 148 44

A study was made of the results of cytological, cytochemical (determination of the ratio of ethidium bromide extinction and NTB test) and microbiological studies of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 125 children with acute pneumonia and 347 with chronic nonspecific inflammatory pulmonary diseases. It has been revealed that all-round studies permit defining the type and activity of endobronchitis together with the status of the ventilated alveolar tissue. Acute pneumonia is marked by catarrhal process with highly active inflammation of bacterial nature, whereas chronic nonspecific inflammatory diseases by purulent endobronchitis. In localized forms of nonspecific inflammatory pulmonary diseases, streptococci and pneumococci may be regarded as the dominant microflora.
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PMID:[Clinical and diagnostic value of complex examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases in children]. 161 5

Groups of mice were given 0 mg, 4 mg, or 2 mg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) 7 days prior to, the day of, and 7 days after subcutaneous inoculation with 0 or 2 x 10(5) tachyzoites of Neospora caninum. Clinical signs of disease were seen only in mice given both MPA and N. caninum tachyzoites. Mice given 4 mg MPA and N. caninum tachyzoites developed severe disseminated neosporosis and most died or were killed when comatose 11-13 days postinoculation (PI). Acute pneumonia, polymyositis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis were the main lesions in these mice. Mice given 2 mg MPA and N. caninum developed mild pneumonia and many mice began showing neurological signs 14 days PI. Neurological signs consisted mainly of pronounced head-tilting and associated impairment of movement. Grossly visible 1-2-mm single or multiple, white areas of discoloration were seen in the brains of many of these mice. Encephalitis, ganglioradiculoneuritis, pneumonia, and polymyositis were the main changes seen in these mice. Tissue cysts of N. caninum were only seen in mice given 2 mg MPA and were first seen 21 days PI. Tissue cysts were 16-34 by 13-29 microns and had a 1.5-3.0-microns-thick cyst wall. Tissue cysts were seen only in the brain. Mice given 4 mg MPA and tachyzoites and host cells that had been frozen for 1 wk did not develop clinical signs of infection, indicating that freezing kills tachyzoites and that viruses or other agents were not involved in the genesis of disease seen in mice given MPA and viable tachyzoites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neospora caninum (Protozoa: apicomplexa) infections in mice. 279 80

We studied lungs at autopsy from 40 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to determine the structural and clinicopathologic features of pneumonia associated with Pseudomonas cepacia respiratory tract colonization. Three clinical groups were identified: group A included 11 patients exhibiting a fulminant course following P cepacia colonization; group B included 20 patients who declined slowly following colonization; and group C included nine patients without P cepacia colonization. Acute pneumonia occurred in all groups but was most extensive and necrotizing in group A. Chronic lobular pneumonia involved all groups equally, whereas interstitial pneumonia predominated in group B. Diffuse alveolar damage occurred infrequently in all groups. Combinations of structural patterns were frequently seen. We conclude that, although there is great overlap in the structural appearance of pneumonia among patients with CF with different bacterial colonization histories, the evidence suggests that P cepacia is a cause of necrotizing pneumonia in some patients. Factors that predispose to this fulminant lung infection are poorly understood.
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PMID:Pseudomonas cepacia-associated pneumonia in cystic fibrosis. Relation of clinical features to histopathologic patterns of pneumonia. 333 28

Acute pneumonia in the elderly is a common and serious condition. The importance of key clinical features and physical signs presenting to the junior hospital doctor was prospectively assessed in 100 consecutive patients admitted acutely to two hospitals. The most significant finding is that elderly patients with pneumonia who are found to be acutely confused at the time of presentation or who gave a previous history of chronic brain failure are much more likely to die than others. Thus such patients should be assessed with particular attention to the early diagnosis and vigorous treatment of pneumonia.
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PMID:Clinical prognostic indices of fatality in elderly patients admitted to hospital with acute pneumonia. 338 47

The pathological findings in the lungs and related organs of 26 patients (21 female, 5 male) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with onset of disease before age 20 years, were reviewed. Several categories of lung lesions were found. Chronic interstitial pneumonitis was present in all 26 patients and was severe in 5. Acute pneumonia was present in 20, mild in 13, moderate in 2, and severe in 5. Alveolar hemorrhage, massive enough to cause death in 5, was seen in 18 patients, and pulmonary edema was found in 13. Fourteen patients had hyaline membranes indicative of acute alveolar damage (DAD), 12 had alveolitis obliterans, indicative of prior episodes of DAD, and 9 had bronchiolitis obliterans. Other parenchymal lesions were mild interstitial fibrosis in 12, alveolar hemosiderosis and alveolar overinflation in 10 each, and alveolar septal calcinosis with chronic renal insufficiency in 3. Pleural effusion, pleuritis, or pleural thickening were noted in 15 of 26, 6 of 23, and 7 of 23 evaluable patients, respectively. Vascular lesions were present in 16 as intimal thickening (9), thromboemboli (8), medial hypertrophy (6), calcinosis (3), and vasculitis (2). A previously unreported lesion was chronic (proliferative) peribronchitis, noted in 11 patients. Diaphragmatic lesions included mild variation in fiber size in 7, mild fibrosis in 2, and calcinosis in 1 of 13 evaluable patients. Correlation of the above lesions with previously described lung syndromes in SLE such as lupus pneumonitis, hemorrhagic lung disease, chronic interstitial fibrosis, lupus cor pulmonale, pleurisy, and "shrinking lung syndrome" are discussed.
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PMID:Pulmonary lesions in childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of 26 cases, and summary of literature. 360 12

The dosing frequency of aminoglycoside antibiotics may alter efficacy and toxicity independent of total daily dose. Once-daily tobramycin dosing was compared with continuous infusion in three models of efficacy. Acute pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in guinea pigs responded better to once-daily dosing, and chronic pneumonia in rats and endocarditis in rabbits responded equally to both regimens. Dogs given gentamicin, tobramycin, or netilmicin once daily, with maximum serum concentrations of greater than 100 mg/liter, had less nephrotoxicity than dogs given continuous infusions. Tobramycin was given once daily or continuously to 52 patients with cystic fibrosis who in 10 days had no change in creatinine clearance or hearing despite maximum serum tobramycin concentrations of 40 mg/liter. Intermittent dosing of aminoglycosides, causing infrequent large maximum serum concentrations, may be less toxic and equally efficacious as frequent dosing.
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PMID:Once-daily vs. continuous aminoglycoside dosing: efficacy and toxicity in animal and clinical studies of gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. 686 Apr 16

In 1976, 220 patients over 15 years of age were admitted to the adult medical services of Aurora Hospital, Helsinki, with a provisional diagnosis of pneumonia. All patients had an infiltrate on the chest X-ray. Acute pneumonia was found in 193 patients (87.7%). Other diseases in this series were pulmonary tuberculosis in 14 cases (6.4%), carcinoma of the lung in 6 cases (2.7%), and carcinoma of the lung with acute pneumonia in 5 cases (2.3%), aspergilloma in one case (0.5%) and an eosinophilic infiltrate in one case (0.5%). Previous or associated illnesses in the pneumonia patients were previous pneumonia (40.4%), chronic alcoholism (26.8%) and congestive heart failure (25.8%). The probable infectious aetiology of pneumonia was found in 45 cases (22.7%). The commonest agents were influenza A, 17 cases (8.6%); Pneumococcus, 9 cases (4.6%); and Mycoplasma pneumoniae 8 cases (4.0%). Bacteria were accepted causal if grown from blood cultures; tests for detecting antibodies against Pneumococcus were not used. Sputum cultures were not helpful in the study of bacterial pneumonia. Alcoholism seemed to predispose to pneumococcal pneumonia, but in the alcoholic patients leukocyte counts on admission were not lower than in the other patients. The overall mortality of pneumonia was 5.5%, only 3.5% of patients died during the first 3 weeks.
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PMID:Outcome of patients admitted to the hospital with suspected pneumonia. 744 65


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