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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of adult primary varicella pneumonia. A 34-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, dry cough and eruptions. He had no history of chicken pox and his sons had contracted varicella 2 weeks before the onset of his symptoms. Chest X-ray showed diffuse nodular shadows in both lungs. The diagnosis of primary varicella pneumonia was made based on family history, typical eruptions and high titer of antibody against Varicella zoster virus. An electron micrograph indicated this case to be primary varicella pneumonia with fibrosis and edema of interstitial spaces and the presence of virus-like particles in cells. The patient was treated with antibiotics, an antiviral agent and immunoglobulin. The clinical symptoms and diffuse nodular shadows resolved with this treatment.
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PMID:[Case of adult primary varicella pneumonia]. 143 32

Varicella zoster (VZV) and herpes simplex (HSV) viruses commonly cause self-limited infection of the skin and mucous membranes. However, certain groups of subjects, including neonates, cancer patients, organ and bone marrow transplant recipients and those with congenital or acquired deficiencies of cell mediated immunity, are at increased risk for dissemination of either virus to the lungs and/or other viscera. The highest risk for VZV pneumonitis is in bone marrow transplant recipients, 44%, and in children with acute leukemia, 32%. The mortality from this complication of VZV infection in the preantiviral era was at least 25%. Except for neonates, dissemination and mortality rates for HSV infections are less than for VZV infections in the high risk groups. Cell-mediated immunity has a major role in both recovery from primary infection and modulation of latent infection, but antiherpes antibodies also have an important role in moderating the extent and severity of infection. Both viruses cause a patchy nodular pneumonia with scattered necrotic and hemorrhagic foci. Physical examination is often misleading and rapid progression of pneumonia can occur within hours. Intravenous acyclovir, administered early in the course of HSV and VZV infection at dosages of 250 mg/m2 and 500 mg/m2 every eight hours, respectively, has nearly eliminated the risk of severe symptomatic pneumonitis. Treatment of established pneumonitis with acyclovir at these doses has also reduced the mortality of herpesvirus pneumonias.
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PMID:Varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus pneumonias. 332 Dec 72

Varicella zoster virus is known to cause varicella in children and to reactivate years later as shingles. Both the primary disease and the reactivation can cause complications, both in the form of serious affection of organs by the virus itself, and through secondary bacterial infections owing to temporary immune deficiency. Relatively frequent complications include secondary bacterial skin infections, pneumonitis, complications affecting the central nervous system, and hepatitis. We describe a few typical cases seen recently in our department, and review important points connected to treatment and prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Varicella zoster complications]. 794 Apr 50

A 5 year old boy had a spiky fever accompanied by a mild pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis with 26% atypical lymphocytes, and liver dysfunction. A chest X-ray showed pneumonia and a considerable amount of pleural effusion. Serum antibody titers for cytomegalovirus (CMV) were elevated significantly and CMV-DNA (polymerase chain reaction) was detected in the pleural effusion. Only 13 cases of pleural effusion associated with infectious mononucleosis have been reported previously in the literature, but there was no documentation that proved CMV infection. The case reported here suggests that the pleural effusion was caused by the infiltration of mononuclear cells to the pleura as a result of systemic inflammation, and the possible alternative of host immune response against CMV was related to recent Varicella zoster virus infection.
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PMID:A case of cytomegalovirus mononucleosis associated with pleural effusion. 809 78

A female patient who developed massive bilateral pneumonia with severe respiratory insufficiency during recovery from varicella, is presented. Blood serologic analyses detected the cause of infection--Mycoplasma pneumoniae, while Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated by bacteriological examination of the sputum. M. pneumoniae is a causative agent of acute upper and lower respiratory airway infections with a frequently mild clinical picture. This agent rarely provokes massive pneumonia with severe clinical appearance as described in the patient, who had immunodeficiency due to previous infection with Varicella zoster virus.
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PMID:[Massive pneumonia with severe acute respiratory insufficiency after chicken pox in a female patient]. 1093 17

Varicella (chickenpox) is a common childhood illness. Most adults are immune to the virus because of previous exposure. Pregnant women who contract varicella risk complications such as pneumonia. Varicella may be transmitted from mother to fetus and could cause congenital varicella syndrome or perinatal infection. Susceptibility to varicella should be determined before pregnancy. Varicella zoster immune globulin may be considered for the mother or newborn if exposure occurs. Acyclovir may decrease the risk of maternal complications from infection.
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PMID:Varicella infection in pregnancy. 1172 3

Varicella (chickenpox) is a common contagious infection of childhood, with fewer than 2% of the cases occurring in adults. Since the early 1980s the incidence of chickenpox in adults has been increasing and only 7% of them are seronegative for Varicella zoster antibodies. Pneumonia, although rare, is the most common and serious complication of chickenpox infection in adults. The authors present an illustrative case of varicella pneumonia in an immunocompetent adult with smoking habits and make a brief thematic review.
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PMID:[Varicella zoster pneumonia]. 2063 64

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections are known to be atypical and severe in immunocompromised patients. An eight-year-old girl presented with extremely painful, atypical skin lesions and features of meningitis and pneumonitis. On investigation, she was found to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected, with very low CD4 count. A diagnosis of 'progressive varicella syndrome' was made, and the child was started on antiretroviral therapy and IV acyclovir. This resulted in a complete resolution of all the clinical features. However, the skin lesions promptly relapsed when acyclovir was withdrawn. Oral Acyclovir was started, and had to be continued to keep the disease under control.
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PMID:Progressive varicella syndrome in the setting of pediatric AIDS: An eye opener. 2193 13

Varicella zoster virus is known by many different names, including chickenpox virus, varicella virus, zoster virus and human herpes virus type 3, and it causes chickenpox. Primary chickenpox skin involvement is a benign and self-limiting condition. The incidence in the Western world is on the rise. Varicella pneumonitis is a potentially fatal complication. Immunocompromised patients develop aggressive lung disease, but immunocompetent can have serious pulmonary compromise. Timely ICU support, respiratory intervention and antiviral therapy play a key role in improving outcomes. Aciclovir is an established therapy for treating varicella-related illnesses and early commencement in patients with or at risk of complications can be beneficial. This case demonstrates, healthy individuals with chickenpox can develop varicella pneumonitis. Despite being immunocompetent, the patient had significant radiologic changes.
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PMID:Varicella pneumonitis in an immunocompetent patient. 2270 24

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) pneumonitis and brainstem encephalitis developed in an immunocompetent adult without rash. Chest computed tomography exhibited nodularity; lung biopsy revealed multinucleated giant cells, Cowdry A inclusions, VZV antigen, and DNA. Varicella zoster virus central nervous system disease was verified by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-VZV IgG antibody with reduced serum/CSF ratios.
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PMID:Varicella zoster virus pneumonitis and brainstem encephalitis without skin rash in an immunocompetent adult. 2573 34


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