Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 44-year-old man, who had suffered repeated episodes of pneumonia since 1984, was admitted with complaints of cough, low grade fever and sputum. Chest X-ray showed a mass shadow in the left lower lobe. Bronchofiberscopy revealed a tumor with a smooth surface which obstructed the B9 bronchus. Left lower lobectomy was performed despite the lack of evidence of malignancy because of the recurrent pneumonia. The resected specimen contained a smooth-surfaced tumor, 18 mm in size, protruding into a bronchial lumen. The pathological diagnosis was leiomyoma of the lower bronchus and the specimen showed organized pneumonia with necrosis in the left S8-S10 region. Primary benign tumors of the lung are rare and leiomyoma of the lung is particularly rare. Only 65 cases have been reported in the Japanese literature. We report here a case of leiomyoma of the lower bronchus.
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PMID:[A case of bronchial leiomyoma with obstructive pneumonia]. 804 Oct 46

A 38-year-old male with Kartagener's syndrome (KS) was admitted to our department for evaluation of recurrent pneumonia. Before admission the patient was diagnosed as having pneumonia in another hospital and received ofloxacin (300 mg/day). Fever and production of purulent sputum decreased initially but again increased in the middle of April. On admission the films of both X-ray and CT scan of the chest revealed several air-fluid levels and infiltrative shadows on the left lower lung field. The patient was diagnosed as lung abscess using bronchofiberscopy. Gram staining of the intrabronchial specimens revealed many Gram-positive cocci and neutrophils including phagocytosed bacteria. A new carbapenem (L-627, 600 mg/day), was started intravenously. After the therapy Streptococcus pneumoniae were eradicated soon from the sputum. At the same time the above symptoms including dyspnea on exertion subsided, and the findings of the chest X-ray and CT scan were also improved. Regarding KS the electron micrograph of the cilia showed the absence of the outer-dynein arms. While by both the saccharin test and the sputum cytology impaired mucociliary clearance was found. Lung abscess infrequently accompany KS. There are reports of respiratory infections in KS, but to our knowledge no report of lung abscess was found in KS. We present this case report describing lung abscess in KS.
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PMID:[A case of Kartagener's syndrome with S. pneumoniae lung abscess]. 831 4

Recurrent pneumonia is defined as two episodes of pneumonia in 1 year or three episodes over any time frame. Nonresolving pneumonias are characterized by the persistence of symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities for more than 1 month. The key step in evaluating the patient referred for recurrent or persistent pneumonia is to review the clinical and radiographic features of the episodes to determine if there is adequate documentation to proceed with treatment. After deciding that a patient has had a persistent episode of pneumonia or the requisite number of recurrent episodes of pneumonia (accompanied by radiographic evidence of pulmonary infiltrates), it is essential to classify the episodes into those involving single or multiple lobes. On the basis of this classification, the differential considerations and subsequent evaluation are determined.
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PMID:Recurrent and nonresolving pneumonia in children. 837 75

This study examined CD11/CD18-mediated adhesion in neutrophil emigration during acute and recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia. Neutrophil emigration during acute pneumonia was studied in anti-CD18 antibody or murine-IgG-pretreated rabbits 4 hours after intrabronchial instillation of P. aeruginosa. To examine emigration in recurrent pneumonias, rabbits given P. aeruginosa on day 0 received anti-CD18 antibody or IgG on day 7. A second instillate was placed either at the initial site or in a separate lobe, and emigration into alveolar spaces was quantitated morphometrically after 4 hours. The results show that CD11/CD18 was required for neutrophil emigration in acute pneumonias and in recurrent pneumonias that occurred at a site distant from the initial infection. However, when the recurrent pneumonia occurred in the previously inflamed site, CD11/CD18 was not required. When the same number of organisms were instilled on days 0 and 7, emigration was reduced to 15 to 20 percent of the number that migrated initially and only CD18-independent adhesion pathways were used. Increasing the concentration of organisms threefold increased emigration through both CD18-dependent and CD18-independent pathways. These data indicate that P. aeruginosa induces CD11/CD18-dependent emigration during acute pneumonia and recurrent pneumonia at previously uninflamed sites. However, adhesion pathways are altered in regions of chronic inflammation, and a greater proportion of neutrophil emigration occurs through CD11/CD18-independent pathways.
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PMID:Role of CD 11/CD 18 in neutrophil emigration during acute and recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia in rabbits. 864 70

The objective has been to identify the different etiologies and elaborate a diagnostic and therapeutical methodology for patients with chronic cough. During one year we studied prospectively 83 patients with persistent cough of daily appearance with an evolution of four or more weeks and no previous etiologic diagnosis. We worked on three diagnostic (D) levels. D1: Based on the anamnesis and physical examination. D2: Sequential incorporation of complementary exams. D3: Evaluation of the response to the specific treatment. We divided the population into 2 groups: G1 healthy children, G2 children followed in our hospital for different conditions. The mean age was 4.7 years (range, 3 months to 15 years), and the average duration of cough was 4.9 months (range, 1 to 36 months). In G1 the following causes were identified in 78 children: cough variant asthma 41 (52%), asthma+upper respiratory tract infections 8 (10%), asthma+lower respiratory tract infections 6 (7%), postnasal drip syndrome (sinusitis, adenoiditis) 5 (6%), psychogenic 6 (7%), undetermined 4 (5%), gastroesophageal reflux 2, asthma+cigarette 2, AIDS 1, Sjogren syndrome 1, vascular ring 1, cricopharyngeal foreign body 1. In G2 out of 5 children we have found: 2 children with chronic encephalopathies who had swallowing disorders and gastroesophageal reflux, 1 patient with Down syndrome presenting hypogammaglobulinemia and bronchiectasis, 1 tracheaesophageal fistula in H in a child with recurrent pneumonia, 1 lymphocytic pneumonia in an AIDS patient. The D1 was correct in 92% of the cases. The specific therapy has proved useful for achieving the remission of the symptoms. Although asthma is the most frequent cause of chronic cough, other etiologies exist and must be ruled out.
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PMID:[Chronic cough in pediatrics]. 872 72

Flexible fiberoptic (FO) bronchoscopy can now be undertaken readily in children using topical anesthesia and light sedation and has largely supplanted rigid open tube (OT) bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. The present study examined the contribution of the FO bronchoscope to clinical management in children presenting with specific types of problems. We examined the first 200 consecutive flexible bronchoscopies performed in 1995 in children under 18 years of age (median age, 2.27 years). Indications for bronchoscopy were noisy breathing (26.5%), recurrent pneumonia (21.0%), suspected pneumonia in an immunocompromised patient (10.5%), atelectasis or bronchial toilet (12.5%), possible foreign body aspiration (13.0%), and miscellaneous other reasons (16.5%). Inspection of the airway was abnormal in 67.0% of all investigations and made a clinically meaningful contribution to management in 67.5%, especially in those with noisy breathing (98.1%), possible foreign body aspiration (100%), and atelectasis (76.0%). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology was abnormal in 80.4% of the 107 lavages, but contributed little to management except in those with recurrent pneumonia (73.8%). Bacteria were isolated in 26.6% of the 109 specimens cultured, but this finding rarely affected management. Fungi were isolated in 47.4% of the 19 lavages in the immunocomprised group. Together, inspection, BAL and microbiology contributed to management in a mean of 90.5% (range, 76.2-100%) of patients in the various groups. We concluded that a high yield of clinically meaningful information can be expected from FO bronchoscopy in children when coupled with BAL and microbiological studies of lavage fluid.
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PMID:Yield from flexible bronchoscopy in children. 914 Nov 11

A 20 year-old man was admitted to our hospital suffering from fever and cough due to bronchiectasis. He had been injured in automobile accident 18 years before. The subsequent bronchography revealed a marked stricture of the right intermediate bronchus with post-stenotic bronchiectasis. Right middle and lower lobectomy was performed. Postoperatively, pneumonia improved, and pulmonary function was preserved. There is no agreement on criteria indicating the need for bronchial reconstruction in cases like this, because evaluation is difficult whether inflammatory changes in the lobes intending to the reimplant may be reversible. In our case, we considered that recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectatic changes of the right lower lobe were contra-indications to bronchial reconstruction.
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PMID:[A case of right intermediate bronchial stenosis due to an injury eighteen years before]. 930 18

Chronic salivary aspiration may be responsible for a significant percentage of pneumonia in the neurologically impaired child. The radionuclide salivagram (RS), a simple investigative study, can document salivary aspiration as the source of pulmonary contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine if the results of the RS would accurately identify children with severe and chronic salivary aspiration who would benefit from laryngotracheal separation (LTS). We reviewed 30 records of children with chronic aspiration pneumonitis who underwent LTS between 1988 and 1996. We recorded the number of inpatient days required for respiratory infections before and after LTS. This number was compared with the number of inpatient days for respiratory infection from children (n = 27) who underwent the RS during a ten-month period but who were never referred for LTS. Fifteen children who underwent LTS had a preoperative RS. The RS documented salivary aspiration in 11 of these children. Aspiration was effectively controlled by LTS for this group. There were three studies that failed to show either aspiration or progression of the Technetium 99m sulfur colloid (Tc 99m SC) into the esophagus This finding was felt to represent significant swallowing dysfunction and, therefore, was also considered a positive finding. There was a significant difference in the number of inpatient days for children who had a negative RS and were never referred for LTS when compared with the number of inpatient days for those children who had a positive RS and were referred for LTS. We feel that the RS is an effective tool to document salivary aspiration as the source of recurrent pneumonia. A modification of the technique and interpretation of RS is suggested.
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PMID:The use of the salivagram in the evaluation of severe and chronic aspiration. 935 Apr 94

In order to investigate the predisposing conditions and aetiologic agents in patients with recurrent pneumonia, we prospectively studied 653 immunocompetent patients, 50-85 years of age, who had been treated in hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. After an average patient follow-up period of 32 months, 11 variables were examined for association with the following end points: death, recurrence of pneumonia and recurrence of pneumococcal pneumonia. During the follow-up period there were 171 episodes of pneumonia in 115 of the 653 patients, and 52 deaths (all causes). Multivariate analysis showed that age, male sex, congestive heart failure and presence of other chronic diseases were significantly associated with higher mortality. Age and chronic pulmonary disease were associated with recurrence of pneumonia. The major aetiologic agents were Streptococcus pneumoniae (26%), Haemophilus influenzae (11%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (6%). We conclude that pneumonia recurrences are common in middle-aged and elderly patients after treatment in hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. The recurrence risk is higher in elderly patients, and in those with chronic pulmonary diseases. Given the prominence of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis found in the present study, these organisms should always be considered when choosing the initial antibiotic in patients with recurrent pneumonia.
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PMID:Recurrence of pneumonia in middle-aged and elderly adults after hospital-treated pneumonia: aetiology and predisposing conditions. 936 Feb 55

The frequency of humoral immunodeficiencies was analysed in 39 patients with a history of recurrent (> or = 3) episodes of community-acquired pneumonia. Total immunoglobulin levels and/or IgG subclass levels were low in 14 patients (36%), including eight patients with IgG or IgG2 deficiency. The specific antibody activity to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (serotypes 3, 6A, 19F, and 23F) and to phosphorylcholine was low in the IgG/IgG2-deficient patients compared to 36 healthy controls, and they also responded poorly to vaccination with a 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. The remaining 25 patients, with normal immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels, had specific anti-pneumococcal antibody levels comparable to the healthy controls, and all but 3 responded to vaccination. We conclude that immunoglobulin deficiencies and the inability to respond to polysaccharide antigens are common risk factors for recurrent pneumonia in adult patients. Immunoglobulin levels (including IgG subclasses) and antibody response to polysaccharide antigens should be investigated in these patients.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin deficiencies and impaired immune response to polysaccharide antigens in adult patients with recurrent community-acquired pneumonia. 936 Feb 57


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