Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eikenella corrodens is a capnophilic gram-negative rod that is part of the normal human oral flora. We report the isolation of E. corrodens by transtracheal aspiration or percutaneous aspiration from 7 patients with pneumonia and/or lung abscess. Four of the 7 patients had an associated carcinoma of the lung. The susceptibilities of strains were tested to penicillin, dicloxacillin, clindamycin, and 10 cephalosporins. All strains were very susceptible to penicillin and cefoxitin and resistant to dicloxacillin and clindamycin. Susceptibilities of strains to the cephalosporins were variable. E. corrodens has been increasingly identified as a pathogen and should be recognized as an etiologic agent of pneumonia, especially in cases not responding to therapy with a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, clindamycin, or cephalosporin.
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PMID:Isolation of Eikenella corrodens from pulmonary infections. 36 16

Disorders of the respiratory tract account for about 13 percent of overall mortality in Switzerland, for about 50 percent of all hospital admissions and for about 7 percent of the nursing days. Cases of obstructive respiratory disease, pneumonia and carcinoma of the lung predominate. Morbidity regarding newly discovered cases of tuberculos is still 0.5 percent and 40 percent of the population are still positive reactors. BCG vaccination of newborns and of all tuberculin-negative schoolchildren is the approved prophylactic procedure. Periodic mass radiography of adults on a voluntary basis, aimed at the early diagnosis of pulmonary disorders, shows an incidence of 0.4/1 000 and of 0.3/1 000 for new cases of tuberculosis and lung cancer respectively. Cases of chronic obstructive respiratory disease who require hospitalization for above-average length and are frequently on sick leave present special sociomedical problems.
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PMID:[Epidemiological and socio-medical problems assoicated with respiratory disorders in Switzerland (author's transl)]. 69 52

In a prospective study, 14 patients with primary non-oat cell lung carcinoma were treated with intraoperative Iodine125 (I125) implantation of the lung tumor via lateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy. Staging mediastinal node dissection was performed in each case. Patients were selected when wedge or segmental resections were not technically feasible, such that lobectomy or completion pneumonectomy would have been required or pulmonary function studies were poor. Doses ranged from 8,000 cGy at the periphery to 20,000 cGy at the center. With a minimum 12 month follow-up, mean and median survivals were 16.7 and 15.1 months, respectively. Local control was achieved in 10 of 14 patients (71%) with all local failures occurring in pathologic stage III patients. When separated according to tumor size, local control was obtained in six of seven tumors of less than 3 cm and four of five tumors of 3-5 cm. Both cases with masses greater than 5 cm failed locally. There was one operative mortality and two postoperative complications. All other patients were discharged within one week of surgery. There was no radiation pneumonitis. I125 lung brachytherapy is an excellent alternative treatment for T1 and T2 tumors when medical conditions preclude curative resection.
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PMID:Iodine125 interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the lung. 131 54

Patients with Stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma continue to pose a therapeutic problem with dismal cure rates. In an effort to improve on these results, 129 patients with biopsy-proven clinical Stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma from November 1982 through November 1987, were entered into two consecutive Phase II studies at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center. Treatment in the first study consisted of Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil infusion with concomitant split course radiation; in the second Etoposide was added. Radiation and chemotherapy were given simultaneously on days one through five of each cycle in a preoperative fashion for four cycles in patients considered eligible for surgery and in a definitive fashion for six cycles in patients considered ineligible for surgery. Radiation was given in 2 Gy fractions for a planned preoperative dose of 40 Gy and a definitive dose of 60 Gy. Surgical resection was attempted four to five weeks later in patients treated preoperatively. Thus, 83 patients were treated preoperatively and 46 definitively. Eighty-three patients (64%) had IIIA disease and IIIB disease was found in the remainder of the patients. Sixty-two patients (75%) in the eligible for surgery group had a thoracotomy after the combined treatment with a resectability rate of 97% and an operative mortality rate of 5%. There were 17 patients (27%) with no evidence of residual cancer in the resected specimen. Three-year survival for the eligible for surgery group at 40% was significantly better than 19% observed in the ineligible for surgery group (p = 0.003). Seventy-six percent of the patients with no residual cancer in the resected specimen are recurrence-free at three years compared to 34% of the patients with gross residual. A total of 81 patients have failed after their treatment; 49 (59%) in the eligible for surgery group and 32 (70%) in the ineligible for surgery group. Of all the patients who failed, local failure alone and as a component occurred in 21 (26%) and 36 (44%) patients, respectively. Failure in distant sites alone was noted in 56% of the overall failures. Severe toxicity was unusual. There were three treatment related deaths (2%). Radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis were only mild to moderate seen in less than 10% of the patients. Survival rates and patterns of failure according to the stage of the disease, histology, treatment group and pathologic response will be presented in detail.
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PMID:Combined modality therapy for stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma: results of treatment and patterns of failure. 132 96

In the United States, approximately one million patients each year develop a pleural effusion. Pleural effusions have classically been divided into transudative and exudative pleural effusions. A transudative pleural effusion occurs when the systemic factors influencing pleural fluid formation and reabsorption are altered so that pleural fluid accumulates; an exudative pleural effusion occurs when the local factors influencing pleural fluid formation and reabsorption are altered, allowing accumulation of pleural fluid. The leading causes of transudative pleural effusions are left ventricular failure and cirrhosis with ascites. The leading causes of exudative pleural effusions are pneumonia, malignancy, and pulmonary embolization. Transudative pleural effusions can be differentiated from exudative pleural effusions by measurement of the pleural fluid protein and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The ratio of the pleural fluid protein to the serum protein is less than 0.5, the ratio of the pleural fluid LDH to the serum LDH is less than 0.6, and the absolute value of the pleural fluid LDH level is less than two thirds of the upper normal limit for serum with transudative pleural effusions while at least one of these criteria is not met with exudative effusions. Most patients who have a pleural effusion with congestive heart failure have left ventricular failure. It is believed that the transudation of the pulmonary interstitial fluid across the visceral pleura overwhelms the capacity of the lymphatics to remove the fluid. Most patients with cirrhosis who have a pleural effusion also have ascites. It is also believed that the pleural effusions form when fluid moves directly from the peritoneal cavity into the pleural cavity through pores in the diaphragm. Approximately 40% of patients with pneumonia will have a pleural effusion. If these patients have a significant amount of pleural fluid, a diagnostic thoracentesis should be performed. Chest tubes should be inserted if the pleural fluid is gross pus, if the Gram stain of the pleural fluid is positive, if the pleural fluid glucose level is below 40 mg/dl, or if the pleural fluid pH level is less than 7.00. If drainage with the chest tubes is unsatisfactory, either streptokinase or urokinase should be injected intrapleurally. If drainage is still unsatisfactory, a decortication should be considered. The three leading malignancies that have an associated pleural effusion are breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, lymphomas and leukemias. The diagnosis of pleural malignancy is made most commonly with pleural fluid cytology; in recent years immunohistochemical tests have proved invaluable in differentiating benign from malignant pleural effusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pleural diseases. 157 32

Parainfluenza virus uncommonly causes fatal giant cell pneumonia in immunocompromised infants and children. To our knowledge, this is the first adult case of parainfluenza virus pneumonia. A 77-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having small-cell carcinoma of the lung underwent chemotherapy. She died of lung edema. Analysis of her serum showed antibodies to parainfluenza virus types 2 and 3 at titers of 1:64 and 1:128, respectively. The postmortem examination revealed giant cell pneumonia, in which giant cells and detached alveolar lining cells had intracytoplasmic inclusions. On electron microscopic examination, the intracytoplasmic inclusions contained fuzzy-form nucleocapsids.
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PMID:Parainfluenza virus pneumonitis in an adult. 165 May 45

Collagen types and ultrastructural features of the stroma and scar extracellular matrix in the peripheral lung carcinoma, post-tuberculosis and post-pneumonia pneumosclerosis foci, fibrosing alveolitis interstitium were studied on the material of operational and transbronchial lung biopsies. It is established that by the collagen composition the scars in the peripheral carcinoma are identical to the pneumosclerosis foci and are distinguished from the carcinoma stroma by a higher concentration of type IV and V collagens (p less than 0.05). Accumulation of type III collagen in the lung carcinoma stroma reflects anaplasia of the tumour as the domination of type III collagen is characteristic of the embryonal tissue. The decrease of collagen type IV in the cancer stroma correlates with an increase of its malignancy. Pneumosclerosis in the fibrosing alveolitis is distinct from the focal forms of pneumosclerosis by a higher content of collagen I and a lower content of collagen V this being probably due to the character of sclerosis morphogenesis in this disease.
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PMID:[The extracellular matrix of peripheral lung cancer in the scar and of pneumosclerosis of different origins (the immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the collagens)]. 165 27

From 1955 to April 1989, 70 patients underwent bilobectomy for the treatment of primary lung carcinoma. Thirteen patients (18.6%) underwent right upper and middle lobectomy (UML), while 57 patients (81.4%) underwent right middle and lower lobectomy (MML). Indications for bilobectomy were cancer invasion into intermediate bronchus (34%), tumor extending to neighbouring lobe across a fissure (29%), interlobar lymph nodes metastasis with or without invasion to intermediate bronchus (24%), vascular invasion (5%), and others (7%). Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 31 patients, adenocarcinoma in 28, large cell carcinoma in 5, small cell carcinoma in 4 and others in 2. About 60 percent of the patients had Stage III or IV diseases. Postoperative complications occurred in 27 patients (38.6%) and 3 died within 30 days after operation (operative mortality rate. 4.3%). Pneumonia, empyema, atelectasis and arrhythmia were prominent postoperative complications. There were no statistically different postoperative complication rates between those with UML and those of MLL. Five-year survival rate of the patients with bilobectomy for lung cancer was 25.7%, which was between those with single lobectomy (36.9%) and those with pneumonectomy (5.6%). However, there was no statistical difference in 5-year survival rate among operative procedures in each stage.
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PMID:[An analysis of 70 patients with bilobectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma]. 165 64

This study was designed to assess the diffusion into lung tissue and systemic circulation of amikacin administered endotracheally. Eleven consecutive patients, suffering from lung carcinoma and scheduled for elective pneumonectomy or lobectomy, were included in the study. After induction of anaesthesia and before tracheal intubation, a single 500 mg amikacin dose was administered endotracheally through a catheter whose tip was located 5 cm below the vocal cords. Blood was then collected every 15 min for serum assays, until pulmonary resection had been carried out. Pulmonary concentrations were assessed in a healthy area. Measurements were carried out in duplicate using fluorescence polarizing immunoassay and microbiological methods. Serum peak concentrations were found 105 min after administration (7.97 +/- 5.62 micrograms.ml-1). Six and 12 h after administration, serum concentrations were 3.19 +/- 1.87 and 1.20 +/- 0.67 micrograms.ml-1 respectively. Mean lung concentrations were 1.85 +/- 2.12 micrograms.g-1, with a corresponding serum level of 7.22 +/- 4.36 micrograms.ml-1. However, endotracheal instillation of amikacin provided serum concentrations which, were not high enough for treatment of gram negative pneumonia. Lung concentrations are lower than both serum levels and MIC90 for gram negative bacilli. Moreover, there was a major heterogeneity in serum and lung levels, which seemed to be unpredictable. This was probably due to heterogenous tracheal, bronchial and alveolar absorption. The results obtained in this study with a single dose administration should be reassessed in the light of data obtained with long-term amikacin administration.
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PMID:[Amikacin concentrations in lung and serum after single intratracheal administration in men]. 185 48

The authors review the therapeutic aspects of lung carcinoma (LC) diagnosis based on the follow-up of 80 patients with LC referred to the hospital for different nonspecific pulmonary diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchial asthma). Point to the diagnostic significance of the therapeutic microsymptomatology (inexplicable leukocytosis, fever, alterations in the character of cough and sputum, appearance of asphyxia and so forth), measurement of the level of hormones and biologically active substances with regard to the clinico-roentgenological appearance in identification of LC in the general therapeutic departments of the hospital. Analyze the diagnostic errors in the patients' group under examination.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of lung cancer in the general therapeutic departments of the hospital]. 204 34


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