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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The localization of measles virus proteins was analyzed by immunoperoxidase method using both monospecific and monoclonal antibodies. In Vero cells infected with the Edmonston or EB-L strain, the former being a laboratory strain and the latter a fresh isolate from a measles patient, nucleocapsid protein was located in the nuclei, and matrix protein, phosphoprotein, haemagglutinin and fusion protein were located in the cytoplasm. In the lung tissues of eight cases with measles giant cell pneumonia, the similar findings were obtained. The presence of haemagglutinin on the surface of giant cells at the luminal side was also noticed. Histopathologically, measles giant cells had nuclear and cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies with some differences in appearance. The significance of localization of viral proteins is discussed in comparison with histopathological findings in measles giant cells.
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PMID:Analysis of viral antigens in giant cells of measles pneumonia by immunoperoxidase method. 309 56

The gene encoding the phosphoprotein of the pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) has been cloned and sequenced. The gene is 903 nucleotides in length and contains a long open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a polypeptide of 295 amino acid residues. A smaller, second, overlapping ORF encoding a polypeptide 137 amino acids in length was also present. The large ORF directed the synthesis of a 39-kDa polypeptide and four additional polypeptides with masses of 37 kDa, 26 kDa, 23 kDa, and 16 kDa in vitro. The smaller polypeptides were generated by internal initiation on in-frame AUG initiation codons to generate carboxy co-terminal products. Western immunoblot analysis indicated that at least two of these proteins and several other related polypeptides are present in infected cells, and the possible origins of these are discussed. Western blot analysis using antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide and specific for the predicted second ORF product identified a polypeptide of 23 kDa in PVM-infected cells. The pattern of PVM P gene expression is unlike that of the closely related respiratory syncytial virus and is reminiscent of that of paramyxoviruses such as Sendai virus. This is the first example of a pneumovirus encoding multiple polypeptide products from a single mRNA in vivo.
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PMID:Sequence of the phosphoprotein gene of pneumonia virus of mice: expression of multiple proteins from two overlapping reading frames. 803 33

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important cause of morbidity in organ transplant recipients with two major clinical effects: allograft rejection and pneumonitis. The issue of effective therapy has increased the need for accurate and rapid laboratory methods for diagnosis of viral infections. ELISA, as the most serological sensitive tests, are useful for the identification of active CMV infection, and the serological response can be sometimes detected before viral excretion. There are several commercial reagents for the detection of IgG or IgM CMV antibody, and a great variability in terms of sensibility and specificity. Because of the slow process of isolating CMV in cell cultures, immediate-early antigen detection in infected cells within one or two days of culture, increases twice the sensitivity of viral isolation for leukocyte or bronchoalveolar (BAL) specimens. Differences in sensitivity of the direct detection of CMV antigen in BAL specimens has been reported. Direct detection of CMV antigen in leukocytes is particularly important because CMV viremia is considered to be predictive of significant CMV disease. CMV antigen detection within leucocytes, by immunofluorescence with the aid of monoclonal antibodies to CMV phosphoprotein PP-65, appears to be as specific, more sensitive, and allows a more rapid diagnosis than virus isolation techniques. Some specific CMV probes are now available, but the hybridization techniques involving dot-blot assays of urine or BAL are not enough sensitive to detect small amounts of virus. Closely sensitivity to isolation in culture has nevertheless been reported in the polymorphonuclear fraction of the blood cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation. Virological diagnosis, antiviral treatment]. 829 Mar 19

Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with specificities for epitopes on human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) proteins preserved after formalin fixation and paraffin embedding were identified in fixed and embedded virus-infected HEp-2 cell pellets. The MAbs bound epitopes on the fusion protein, the nucleoprotein, the phosphoprotein, and the M2 protein of the virus. Following high-temperature antigen unmasking, immunohistochemical staining revealed RSV antigens in the lungs of five of seven children who died with confirmed RSV infection and in none of nine children who died for other reasons, with no evidence of RSV infection. Staining was cytoplasmic, granular, and confined to epithelial cells. Intense staining was seen at the apex of ciliated bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells in all five positive cases. In one case, of pneumonitis, infected pneumocytes were present in the alveoli and in several cases, CD68-positive, cytokeratin-negative alveolar macrophages stained for viral antigens. These antibodies may prove useful in studies of the pathogenesis of RSV infection.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody pool for routine immunohistochemical detection of human respiratory syncytial virus antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. 927 37

Sixteen common seals (Phoca vitulina) were stranded on the Belgian and northern French coasts during the summer of 1998. Eleven (10 pups and one adult) were sampled for histopathological, immunohistochemical, serological, bacteriological, parasitological and virological investigations. The main gross findings were severe emaciation, acute haemorrhagic enteritis, acute pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary emphysema and oedema, and chronic ulcerative stomatitis. Microscopical lung findings were acute to subacute pneumonia with interstitial oedema and emphysema. Severe lymphocytic depletion was observed in lymph nodes. Severe acute to subacute meningoencephalitis was observed in one animal. Specific staining with two monoclonal antibodies directed against canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus was observed in a few lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes of three seals. Anti-CDV neutralising antibodies were detected in sera from six animals. Seven of the seals were positive by reverse transcriptase-PCR for the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene. The lesions observed were consistent with those in animals infected by a morbillivirus, and demonstrated that distemper has recently recurred in North Sea seals.
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PMID:Morbillivirus in common seals stranded on the coasts of Belgium and northern France during summer 1998. 1138 44

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major structural protein which encapsidates the RNA genome and is essential for replication and transcription of the RSV genome. The N protein of the related virus pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is functionally unable to replace the RSV N protein in a minigenome replication assay. Using chimeric proteins, in which the immediate C-terminal part of the RSV N protein was replaced with the equivalent region of the PVM N protein, it was shown that six amino acid residues near the C terminus of the N protein (between residues 352-369) are essential for its function in replication and for the ability of the N protein to bind to the viral phosphoprotein, P.
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PMID:Chimeric pneumovirus nucleocapsid (N) proteins allow identification of amino acids essential for the function of the respiratory syncytial virus N protein. 1367 1

Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a natural pathogen of mice and has been proposed as a tractable model for the replication of a pneumovirus in its natural host, which mimics human infection with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). PVM infection in mice is highly productive in terms of virus production compared with the situation seen with RSV in mice. Because RSV suppresses CD8 T cell effector function in the lungs of infected mice, we have investigated the nature of PVM-induced CD8 T cell responses to study pneumovirus-induced T cell responses in a natural virus-host setting. PVM infection was associated with a massive influx of activated CD8 T cells into the lungs. After identification of three PVM-specific CD8 T cell epitopes, pulmonary CD8 T cell responses were enumerated. The combined frequency of cytokine-secreting CD8 T cells specific for the three epitopes was much smaller than the total number of activated CD8 T cells. Furthermore, quantitation of the CD8 T cell response against one of these epitopes (residues 261-270 from the phosphoprotein) by MHC class I pentamer staining and by in vitro stimulation followed by intracellular IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha staining indicated that the majority of pulmonary CD8 specific for the P261 epitope were deficient in cytokine production. This deficient phenotype was retained up to 96 days postinfection, similar to the situation in the lungs of human RSV-infected mice. The data suggest that PVM suppresses T cell effector functions in the lungs.
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PMID:Activation and inactivation of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during murine pneumovirus infection. 1627 14

Morbilliviral infection was diagnosed in an adult male pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) from southwestern Taiwan on the basis of pathological findings, immunohistochemical staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The whale was found alive stranded on the beach and died after 5 days of medical care. It was thin and had dozens of nematode in the first stomach. The lungs were dark red and heavy. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse, moderate bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions with occasional syncytial cell formation were noted in the lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen. The RNA extracted from lung tissue was subjected to morbilliviral gene amplification. After priming with specific oligonucleotides, the cDNA covering the phosphoprotein (P) gene was copied and then amplified by PCR. The gene fragment amplified from the lung tissue was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of partial P gene revealed 97.6% sequence identity to the dolphin morbillivirus and 90.2% similarity to the pilot whale morbillivirus. Morbilliviral antigens were detected in the lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal antibody against rinderpest virus. This is the first report of morbilliviral infection with genetic evidence in a pygmy sperm whale from the Western Pacific Ocean around Taiwan.
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PMID:Morbilliviral infection in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) from Taiwanese waters. 1664 47

Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in mice. Infection is associated with high levels of viral replication in the lungs and results in the functional inactivation of pulmonary virus-specific CD8 T cells. Due to its similarity to severe human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, PVM infection in mice has been proposed as an alternative RSV model. Here, we have delineated the minimal requirements for protective T cell immunity in the PVM model. Immunization with a CD8 T cell epitope from the PVM phosphoprotein P, combined with the ovalbumin (OVA) CD4 T cell epitope, did not confer protective immunity against lethal PVM challenge, suggesting a possible role of cognate CD4 T cell immunity. To determine the role of PVM-specific CD4 T cell responses, we mapped a PVM CD4 T cell epitope in the glycoprotein G, using a panel of overlapping peptides. Although immunization with this epitope provided some protection, solid protective immunity was only observed after immunization with a combination of the PVM-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes. Analysis of post-challenge T cell responses in immunized mice indicated that G-specific pulmonary CD4 T cells displayed a mixed Th1/Th2 phenotype, which was characterized by the presence of both IL-5 and IFN-gamma secreting cells, in the absence of overt pathology.
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PMID:Identification of a CD4 T cell epitope in the pneumonia virus of mice glycoprotein and characterization of its role in protective immunity. 1763 95

A juvenile offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found stranded with neurological signs and unable to swim or float unassisted. It subsequently died, succumbing to a combination of severe pneumonia and encephalitis. Morbillivirus serum neutralisation test serology was positive (titre 1:16) for cetacean morbillivirus and negative for both phocine distemper virus and canine distemper virus. There was concurrent thymic and lymph node lymphoid depletion and necrosis, together with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic acidophilic viral inclusion bodies and multinucleate syncytia within multiple organs. Paramyxovirus capsids were identified in lung sections via electron microscopy and morbillivirus antigen was demonstrated within sections of lung, thymus and brain by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) genes were positive and phylogenetic gene product sequence analysis revealed 98% and 94% sequence identity to dolphin morbillivirus, respectively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a cetacean mortality due to morbillivirus infection occurring in the southern hemisphere. Morbillivirus infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of stranded live or dead cetaceans in Australian waters, particularly if animals display neurological signs.
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PMID:Fatal cetacean morbillivirus infection in an Australian offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). 2200 25


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