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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung cancer is rare disease in patients under 25 years of age. It typically occurs in older patients with a history of tobacco use. This case concerns a 20-year-old man with no history of tobacco use who complained of several months of cough and lower back pain and an 11.3-kg weight loss. He was treated for pneumonia after a chest radiograph showed total opacification of the right lung. Computed tomography imaging subsequently revealed a superior right hilar mass and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Further imaging studies showed diffuse metastatic disease. Mediastinal biopsy showed poorly differentiated epithelioid tumour with desmoplastic stromal reaction, neutrophil infiltration, and squamous differentiation. Tissue immunostaining confirmed a non-small-cell lung cancer. Unfortunately, despite aggressive therapy, the patient's disease progressed, and he died within 9 months. In this paper, we hope to illustrate the unique challenges in diagnosing and treating young patients with metastatic lung cancer.
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PMID:Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in a 20-year-old patient. 2017 4

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a very rare disease that is characterized by acute febrile respiratory failure, diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray, and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of infection. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with smoking-induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia. A previously healthy young girl with a 1-day history of fever presented with cough, dyspnea, and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray. She had started smoking only 3 weeks before presentation. She was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tests and lung biopsy and dramatically improved after steroid treatment. We emphasize that acute eosinophilic pneumonia must be considered when acute pneumonia does not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Effective treatment and prompt institution of therapy can obviate unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Smoking-Induced Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia in a 15-year-old Girl: A Case Report. 2035 30

Pneumocystis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes an often-lethal pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Although the organism was discovered in the early 1900s, the first cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia in humans were initially recognized in Central Europe after the Second World War in premature and malnourished infants. This unusual lung infection was known as plasma cellular interstitial pneumonitis of the newborn, and was characterized by severe respiratory distress and cyanosis with little or no fever and no pathognomic physical signs. At that time, only anecdotal cases were reported in adults and usually these patients had a baseline malignancy that led to a malnourished state. In the 1960-1970s additional cases were described in adults and children with hematological malignancies, but Pneumocystis pneumonia was still considered a rare disease. However, in the 1980s, with the onset of the HIV epidemic, Pneumocystis prevalence increased dramatically and became widely recognized as an opportunistic infection that caused potentially life-treating pneumonia in patients with impaired immunity. During this time period, prophylaxis against this organism was more generally instituted in high-risk patients. In the 1990s, with widespread use of prophylaxis and the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV-infected patients, the number of cases in this specific population decreased. However, Pneumocystis pneumonia still remains an important cause of severe pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and is still considered a principal AIDS-defining illness. Despite the decreased number of cases among HIV-infected patients over the past decade, Pneumocystis pneumonia continues to be a serious problem in immunodeficient patients with other immunosuppressive conditions. This is mostly due to increased use of immunosuppressive medications to treat patients with autoimmune diseases, following bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, and in patients with hematological and solid malignancies. Patients with hematologic disorders and solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are currently the most vulnerable groups at risk for developing this infection. However, any patient with an impaired immunity, such as those receiving moderate doses of oral steroids for greater than 4 weeks or those receiving other immunosuppressive medications are at also at significant risk.
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PMID:Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia. 2073 43

We describe what we believe is an entirely novel case of a 15-year-old boy with idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia and unusual, resistant hypoxemia which necessitated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Response to corticosteroids was excellent and a full recovery was observed. Smoking cigarettes and cannabis on the day the symptoms began may have contributed to the occurrence of this rare disease.
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PMID:Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia requiring ECMO in a teenager smoking tobacco and cannabis. 2081 51

Primary sternal osteomyelitis is a rare disease in children caused mainly by Staphylococcus aureus. We describe 2 cases resulting from Streptococcus pneumonia and Candida albicans. On the basis of these cases and other documented case reports, we discuss the pathogens, clinical course, and pathophysiology and suggest a management protocol based on early debridement to initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy and shorten hospitalization.
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PMID:Primary sternal osteomyelitis: a report of two cases with literature review. 2087 95

Acute lung injury during pregnancy results in morbidity and mortality in both the mother and the fetus. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a rare disease but may occur in pregnant immune-suppressed women. Here, we describe a case of acute lung injury due to PCP and alveolar hemorrhage in a pregnant woman who was a human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) carrier. PCP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary complications during pregnancy in HTLV-1 endemic areas.
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PMID:Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and alveolar hemorrhage in a pregnant woman with human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 infection. 2132 70

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung, a rare disease, is a low grade malignancy possibly originating from type II pneumocytes or Clara cells. We report the clinical characteristics of 8 patients who underwent surgical resection for sclerosing hemangioma between 2005 and 2010 in our hospital. All cases were female, and the average age was 50 (range: 28-83) years old. The median tumor doubling time was 965 days, suggesting they were slowly growing tumors. In the present cases, five patients had another lung disease: lung cancer in two, metastatic lung tumor in one and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia in two patients. Intraoperative frozen section examinations were performed in seven cases. Five patients were diagnosed correctly, but two patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and organizing pneumonia. As a clinical characteristics, sclerosing hemangioma in the present study showed well-demarcated and slow-growing tumor. The postoperative clinical courses of all cases were uneventful, and no findings of recurrence distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and local recurrence after surgery were observed in any of the patients.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment for patients with pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma]. 2143 40

Community-acquired pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in previously healthy individuals is a rare disease that is associated with high fatality. On 14 February 2010 a previously healthy 49-year-old woman presented to an emergency room with signs and symptoms of pneumonia, 2 days after returning from a spa holiday in a wellness hotel. Blood cultures and respiratory specimens grew P. aeruginosa. Despite adequate antimicrobial therapy, the patient died of septic multiorgan failure on day nine of hospitalization. On February 26, nine water samples were taken from the hotel facilities used by the patient: In the hot tub sample 37,000 colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa/100 ml were detected. Two of five individual colonies from the primary plate used for this hot tub water sample were found to be genetically closely related to the patient's isolates. Results from PFGE, AFLP and MLST analysis allowed the two lung isolates gained at autopsy and the whirlpool bathtub isolates to be allocated into one cluster. The patient most likely acquired P. aeruginosa from the contaminated water in the hotel's hot tub. The detection of P. aeruginosa in high numbers in a hot tub indicates massive biofilm formation in the bath circulation and severe deficiencies in hygienic maintenance. The increasing popularity of hot tubs in hotels and private homes demands increased awareness about potential health risks associated with deficient hygienic maintenance.
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PMID:Fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in a previously healthy woman was most likely associated with a contaminated hot tub. 2145 11

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease that affects young population usually in the age group of 20-40 years, characterized by the deposition of lipoproteinacious material in the alveoli secondary to abnormal processing of surfactant by macrophages. We report a case of a 15-year-old female who had history of cough with sputum for 3 days along with fever. She was seen in another hospital and was treated as a case of pneumonia where she received antibiotic but with no improvement. Computerized tomography (CT) chest showed diffuse interlobular septal thickening in the background of ground glass opacity giving a picture of crazy paving pattern which was consistent with the diagnosis of PAP. The patient was scheduled to undergo, first right-sided whole lung lavage (WLL) under general anesthesia. Endobronchial intubation using left sided 37 Fr double lumen tube. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as described in our previously published report was connected to the right lumen of the endobronchial tube. CPAP ventilation was used during the suctioning of lavage fluid phase in order to improve oxygenation. WLL was done using 5 L of warm heparinized saline (500 i.u/litre). The same procedure was repeated on the left side using 6 L of heparinized normal saline solution. In conclusion, anesthesia in alveolar proteinosis for patients undergoing WLL is challenging to the anesthesiologist. It requires meticulous preoperative preparation with antibiotics, mucolytics and chest physiotherapy. Also it requires careful intraoperative monitoring and proper oxygenation especially during the suctioning phase of the lavaged fluid. With this second case report of successful anesthetic management using the modified CPAP system we recommend with confidence the application of CPAP ventilation to improve oxygenation during WLL.
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PMID:Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation during whole lung lavage for treatment of alveolar proteinosis -A case report and review of literature. 2165 22

Gastric volvulus is a rare disease in the pediatric population. Its clinical presentation is exceedingly variable, and without a high index of suspicion, delayed or missed diagnosis is not uncommon as illustrated by this report of a 13-month-old boy with a puzzling presentation of chronic wheezing and cough for 1 year. There were no gastrointestinal symptoms. The symptoms were attributed to bronchiolitis, pneumonia, laryngomalacia, or reactive airway disease by several practicing physicians. A detailed history revealed that the wheezing got worse after large meals. This information prompted an upper gastrointestinal contrast study, which led to the identification of organoaxial gastric volvulus and coexisting gastroesophageal reflux. The respiratory symptoms resolved dramatically after antireflux medications and lifestyle modification for gastroesophageal reflux. This report highlights chronic gastric volvulus in the differential diagnosis of infantile wheezing, particularly when the wheezing is present very early in life and associated with feeding.
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PMID:Gastric volvulus manifesting as infantile wheezing: a puzzling presentation. 2182 83


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