Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 78-year-old man with pneumonitis and pulmonary abscess associated with Moraxella nonliquefaciens is presented. This organism was found by culture of both transtracheal aspirate and sputum. No previous reports have associated M nonliquefaciens with infection of the lower respiratory tract, although sinusitis and bronchitis have been reported. Possible predisposing factors in our patient included carcinoma of the larynx, as well as alcohol ingestion and cigarette smoking.
 ...
PMID:Pneumonitis and pulmonary abscess associated with Moraxella nonliquefaciens. 97 88

A retrospective cohort mortality study of 995 white males employed more than 30 d at a uranium processing facility in upstate New York between 1943 and 1949 investigated the association between excess observed deaths and long-term occupational exposure via inhalation to uranium compounds. Two comparison groups were used, the white male population of the United States and the white male population in the New York counties of Erie and Niagara. The vital status determination was 94.3% complete through 31 December 1979. With the use of the national comparison group, statistically significantly increased standardized mortality ratio (SMR) values were observed for all causes (SMR 118), laryngeal cancer (SMR 447), all circulatory diseases (SMR 118), arteriosclerotic heart disease (SMR 119), all respiratory diseases (SMR 152), and pneumonia (SMR 217). Site-specific outcomes of special interest with a statistically increased number of deaths above expected were laryngeal cancer (observed 5) and pneumonia (observed 17). No association was found with length of employment or work in the most hazardous areas of the plant. The comparison with regional rates gave similar results.
 ...
PMID:Mortality among workers at a uranium processing facility, the Linde Air Products Company Ceramics Plant, 1943-1949. 360 63

An attempt was made to tract 511 men and women who manufactured mustard gas during the 1939--1945 war. Despite limitations in the identifying data available, 428 (84%) were traced to the end of 1974. The numbers of deaths from all neoplasms combined (45) and from all other causes (136) were slightly greater than those expected from national death rates, but not significantly so. Two deaths were attributed to carcinoma of the larynx and one to carcinoma of the trachea, compared with an expected number of 0.40 (P less than 0.02). Carcinoma of the larynx was also mentioned on the death certificate of another man. Seven subjects are known to have developed cancer of the larynx, compared with 0.75 expected (P less than 0.001). Excess mortality was also observed from cancer of the lung, pneumonia and accidents, but the excesses were small and difficult to interpret.
 ...
PMID:Cancer of the larynx and other occupational hazards of mustard gas workers. 726 52

Many reports dealing with the toxicity of oil mist in industrial health have been published. The condition appears to be worldwide in distribution and the number of reported cases increases with increasing clinical awareness. In 158 reports published from 1965 to 1993 the following diseases were observed: Skin--contact dermatitis, oil acne and photosensitive allergic dermatitis; Scrotum--benign and malignant tumors; Respiratory system-nasal discomfort symptoms, rhinitis, nasal mucosal dysplasia, nasal mucosal tumor, laryngeal cancer, bronchitis, lipoid pneumonia, lung fibrosis, lung cancer and bronchial asthma; Others--possible carcinogenicity, high incidence of chromosomal change. This shows that oil mist appears to be involved in many industrial diseases, however, cause-and-effect relationship still remains a matter of conjecture; in which exposure dose and/or duration-dependent toxicity is highly probable. Further investigations will be required including immunotoxicological as well as environmental studies for oil mist exposure.
 ...
PMID:[Oil mist exposure in industrial health--a review]. 774 90

In order to enhance radiation effects in the treatment of unresectable Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma, we initiated a phase I-II study in February 1991 with concomitant radiation and cisplatin in the treatment of resectable Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma. The first patient was treated in a palliative intend for a cervical recurrence (cutaneous metastatic lymphangitis) of laryngeal cancer. The seven other patients had a Stage IV M0, previously untreated, oropharyngeal carcinoma. Standard external radiation was carried out up to a total dose of 60 Gy/6 weeks (7 MeV electron beam) for the 1st patient and 72 Gy/8 weeks (Co60 beam) for the 7 other patients. Cisplatin was given during the entire radiation treatment, by continuous infusion, 5 days a week, at doses of 4 mg/m2/d for the 1st patient, 5 mg/m2/d for the two following patients and 6 mg/m2/d for the last five patients. One patient with a poor initial performance status (three in the WHO scale) stopped his treatment on the 6th week due to a grade 3 mucositis with deglutition pneumonia. He died 2 months later with progressive carcinoma. For one other patient, treatment was discontinued for 1 week after 48 Gy, due to a grade 3 mucositis. The other patients completed the planned protocol without any interruption. Mucositis (grade 3 in two cases, grade 2 in four cases), dermitis (grade 3 in two cases, grade 2 in four cases) and neutropenia (grade 2 in two cases) were the most frequent acute toxicity. Of the seven patients treated with a curative intend, six are free of disease at 6 to 28 months after completion of treatment. A pharmacokinetic study showed a total platinum accumulation. The mean value at the end of treatment reached 1157 ng/ml. Only one patient experienced an accumulation of the ultrafilterable platinum (137 ng/ml at the end of treatment).
 ...
PMID:[Concomitant association of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CDDP 4-6 mg/m2/daily in continuous i.v. administration) in locally advanced ORL tumors]. 789 29

Laryngeal abnormalities following definitive irradiation for carcinoma of the larynx are common. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for persistent cancer in such patients who were found to have abnormal larynges following definitive irradiation. A retrospective evaluation of 185 consecutive patients undergoing primary irradiation for a glottic or supraglottic laryngeal squamous carcinoma treated between 1976 and 1990 at the Affiliated Hospitals of the Medical College of Wisconsin was performed. From chart review, data concerning site, stage, intent of treatment, smoking history, treatment dose, fraction size, failure patterns, and outcome were obtained. In addition, worrisome signs and symptoms including ulceration, dysphasia, odynophagia, airway distress, aphonia, blood, pain, oedema, aspiration, and pneumonia were recorded. Univariate association with failure and a persistently abnormal laryngeal examination was assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel test. The odds ratio was used to estimate relative risk associated with dichotomous risk factors. Disease-free and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. The log rank test was used to compare survival as defined by the levels of various risk factors. Two-year disease-free survival was 83% (T1 = 93%, T2 = 72%, T3/T4 = 66%). Primary failure was associated with the presence of an abnormal examination (P = 0.001), tracheotomy (P = 0.001), symptom index (P = 0.002), aphonia (P = 0.003), advanced T stage (P = 0.03), and lower total dose (P = 0.03). Of 151 patients who survived 6 months disease-free with an intact larynx, an abnormal examination was seen in those with advanced T stage (P = 0.002), supraglottic primary (P = 0.003), symptom index (P = 0.008), eventual failure at the primary site (P = 0.008), continued smoking (P = 0.01), and higher total dose (P = 0.01). The symptom index (total signs and symptoms of airway distress, aphonia, ulceration, pain, oedema, dysphagia, blood production, aspiration, pneumonia, and odynophagia) was correlated with primary failure and continued smoking. Of 37 patients with continually normal examinations, only 1 (3%) failed at the primary site. Of 102 who survived 6 months but with an abnormal examination, 22 (22%) eventually developed a primary failure. Persistently abnormal larynges are common after radiation therapy, yet not all harbour cancer. Risk factors for persistent cancer include stage, airway, total dose, and symptom index. Patients whose larynges return to normal after radiation rarely fail at the primary site.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors which predict persistent cancer in the abnormal larynx following definitive irradiation. 870 47

Available are the results of surgical treatment of 11 patients with cancer of the esophagus revealed metachronously through 6 months--3 years after treatment of oro-pharyngeolaryngeal cancer (5 patients) and diagnosed synchronously with cancer of the stomach (3 patients), the lung (2 patients) and leiomyoma of the esophagus (1 patient). Radical operations on the esophagus were performed in all the patients, in synchronous tumors they were one-stage surgical intervention. Postoperative complications such as pneumonia were observed in the majority of patients, who previously underwent radiation or combined treatment for laryngeal cancer, as well as in all patients, who were operated on the esophagus and the lung in one stage. The necessity of active bronchial sanation in pre- and postoperative period of patients after treatment of laryngeal cancer and advisability of two-stage surgical treatment of synchronous tumors of the esophagus and the lung, the operation for lung cancer being performed at the second stage of treatment, are stressed in conclusion. In synchronous involvement of the esophagus and the stomach one-stage intervention on these organs is the most advisable.
 ...
PMID:[Results of esophageal cancer surgical treatment in multiple primary neoplasms]. 991 25

To study the complications of total laryngectomy, we evaluated 471 previously untreated patients who underwent total laryngectomy between 1980 and 1997. This series consisted of 358 patients with primary carcinoma of the larynx and 113 with carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Concurrent neck dissection was performed in 85% of patients. Complications were studied in relation to age, T and N stage, previous tracheostomy, neck dissection, margins, reconstruction, tracheoesophageal puncture, and surgeon. Complication treatment and hospitalization were also evaluated. The overall complication rate was 30.7%, with 29.2% major and 6.5% minor complications. The mortality rate was 0.6% (3/471). Pharyngocutaneous fistula was the most frequent wound complication (21%), followed by wound infection (4.2%) and hemorrhage (2.3%). Pneumonia (1.4%) and embolism (0.4%) were the most frequent medical complications. Hypopharyngeal tumors, neck dissection, and extended procedures had a significantly higher rate of complications. Complication causes, prevention, and treatment are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Complications after total laryngectomy in nonradiated laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. 1082 5

A 73-year-old man was referred to our department because of sputum production and fever. He had under-gone a total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer. His chest radiograph showed patchy ground-glass shadows in both lung fields. He was treated with antibiotics for pneumonia, but his symptoms continued, and the size of the patchy shadows in the chest radiograph increased. Inhalation therapy with ElaseR had been started from one day before fever arose. Withdrawal of ElaseR treatment resolved his symptoms. We therefore suspected drug-induced interstitial pneumonia. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed infiltration of lymphocytes in the alveolar septa and thickening of those septa. A bronchoalveolar lavage revealed an increased number of lymphocytes, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.3. A drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) with peripheral blood lymphocytes was strongly positive (S.I. 2127%) for ElaseR. The anti-nuclear antigen (ANA) was detected (x640), and the anti-single strand DNA antibody titer was also high (123.4 IU/ml). About 10 weeks after the withdrawal of ElaseR, the infiltrative shadows and the abnormal laboratory findings improved spontaneously. On the basis of these findings, we arrived at a diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial pneumonia associated with inhalation of ElaseR.
 ...
PMID:[Drug-induced interstitial pneumonia associated with inhalation of fibrinolysin-deoxyribonuclease (ElaseR)]. 1151 Jan 3

For a long time heartburn was not considered a symptom for serious illness. By now, however, it is accepted that the incidence of secondary carcinoma of the esophagus caused by chronic GERD has increased dramatically since the nineteen-seventies. Mechanisms leading to GERD are complex and its incidence is not necessarily pathological. However pathological reflux in the lower esophagus (pH lower than 4 in 6 % of 24 hours), caused by decreased sphinctertonus, impaired peristalsis and clearance of the esophagus, may lead to complications. Helicobacter pylori may play a key role in GERD. There is strong evidence for a protective effect of Hp-infection in the development of GERD. In pangastritis, caused by Hp-infection, gastric acid production is inhibited resulting in a reduction of stomach-acid-concentration. This may be caused by either the chronic infection itself and the resulting atrophy of the stomach-mucosa, by the ammonia-producing HP-bacteria, or an increase in acid re-absorbtion of gastric epithelium. Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) often results in atypical manifestations with oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and pulmonary disorders. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is known to contribute to posterior acid laryngitis and laryngeal contact ulceration or granuloma formation, laryngeal cancer, chronic hoarseness, pharyngitis, asthma, pneumonia, nocturnal choking, and dental diseases. Today, PPI are the medication of choice in both acute and long-term (prophylactic) therapy of GERD. The so called "step-up-strategy" of medication is no longer recommended. Here, patients were first treated with antacids, then prokinetics followed by H2-blockers and finally low-dose PPI. Only in the case of persisting symptoms medication was further increased to high-dose PPI therapy. In the past this increase in medication lead to a prolonged healing process and consequently to higher medication costs. Studies have shown that a "step-down"-therapy, beginning with high dose PPI, is highly preferable, since it is much more effective. Depending on the degree of the symptoms, however, medication may also be applied "on-demand". The BfArM has approved this kind of medication application only for Esomeprazol (Nexium mups 20 mg).
 ...
PMID:[Gastroesophageal reflux -- a common illness?]. 1262 41


1 2 Next >>