Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 200,000 infants screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency, 125 Pi Z, 48 Pi Z, 1Pi S-, and 2 Pi Z- children were followed up prospectively. Eleven percent of the Pi Z infants had neonatal cholestasis, and at 2 years of age three of them had cirrhosis. About 50% of the asymptomatic Pi Z and Pi Z- subjects occasionally had serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels above normal, and in 15% of them the levels were probably permanently increased during the first two years of life. Two previously healthy Pi Z children had transient symptoms of liver disease at age 2 years in connection with severe infections. The Pi SZ children had no significant clinical liver disease and only two had abnormal serum ALAT levels. Among Pi Z children up to 2 years of age the following diseases were also encountered: eight had recurrent bronchitis with wheezing, two had persistant cough (both had cirrhosis), one had severe pneumonia, one was mentally retarded, three had urinary tract infections, six had pronounced eczema, one had allergic shock, and three had congenital malformations. Among the Pi SZ children one had recurrent bronchitis, one had eczema, and one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Three children, two Pi Z and one Pi SZ, have died. The Pi Z- and Pi S- subjects were healthy. In conclusion a variety of significant symptoms were observed in about 30% of the Pi Z children compared with 6% of the Pi SZ children during the first two years of life.
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PMID:alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in early childhood. 30 15

Mononuclear cells (MNC) from rheumatoid synovial tissue and peripheral blood were tested plasma pneumonia by the indirect leucocyte migration inhibition test. MNC from the eleven rheumatoid synovial tissues tested had deficient leucocyte inhibitory factor production against all antigens tested for, and this was also the case in the peripheral blood of seven juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients (JRA). In the peripheral blood of eight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients there was also generally low reactivity. However, significant differences in migration indexes were found with rubella viral antigen and with PPD at 5 micrigram/ml when zero-hour and overnight incubations of the culture were compared. In contrast, MNC of peripheral blood of control donors had significant responses to PPD (19/19), mumps virus (7/11), rubella virus (10/19), cytomegalovirus (4/11), and herpes simplex type 1 virus (4/11) antigen after zero-hour culture, and no differences was seen after overnight incubation.
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PMID:Hyporesponsiveness to virus antigens in rheumatoid synovial and blood lymphocytes using the indirect leucocyte migration inhibition test. 39 68

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by cells from children with various forms of arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cystic fibrosis was compared. In all cases more IL-2 was detectable at 24 than at 48 h and production was increased by addition of indomethacin. Cultures from children with either active lupus or the pneumonia of cystic fibrosis produced very little IL-2, but cultures from children with arthritis produced apparently normal amounts. We conclude that depressed production of IL-2 in juvenile arthritis may be a secondary epiphenomenon and not a primary immunologic deficit.
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PMID:Interleukin-2 production by lymphocytes from blood of children with arthritis is less suppressed than in systemic lupus or cystic fibrosis. 349 11

Pleuropulmonary disease was seen in 4 per cent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Roentgenographic abnormalities seen in association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: transient pneumonitis, interstitial reticular and nodular infiltrates, pleural and pericardial effusions, and patchy pleural infiltrates. Pathologic abnormalities seen in association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include pulmonary hemosiderosis, lymphoid follicular bronchiolitis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and pleural disease recover fully. In children with parenchymal disease, residual abnormalities include roentgenographic evidence of interstitial fibrosis and minimal abnormalities of pulmonary function.
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PMID:Pulmonary manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A report of eight cases and review. 702 79

The effects of concentration of PHA-P and time in culture on cells from patients with systemic, polyarticular and pauciarticular juvenile arthritis have been studied. Responses to suboptimal concentrations are depressed at 3 days, particularly of systemic and polyarticular patients, but normal by 5 days and probably prolonged at 7 days. The responses approach normal with 5 micrograms/ml PHA-P. This delay also occurs in cells from children with cystic fibrosis and acute pneumonia and so is not disease specific. Kinetic studies show a slower recruitment of cells. The delay is corrected by 1 microgram/ml indomethacin. After 7 days, cultures from patients with juvenile arthritis have fewer E, heat-stable E, and EAC rosetting cells than do cultures from normal children or children with cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:In vitro responses of lymphocytes in juvenile arthritis: effects of time and concentration of PHA-P. 731 Jul 72

Acute febrile juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) of adult onset is often diagnosed by ruling out other problems. The classification of JRA is primarily based on the distinct type of onset, of which there are usually three: (1) acute febrile or Still's type, (2) polyarticular, and (3) monoarticular pauciarticular arthritis. Fever of unknown cause is frequently the initial symptom. This type of arthritis may be characterized by any or all of the following: unexplained high fever, rash, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, pericarditis, pleurisy, pneumonitis, abdominal pain, myalgias, arthralgias, arthritis, sore throat, leukocytosis, anemia, circulating immune complexes, liver test abnormalities, and carpal-metacarpal and tarsal-metatarsal fusion. Patients often respond dramatically to anti-inflammatory agents. Corticosteroids, gold salts, penicillamine, and cytotoxic drugs have been effective for certain patients. The prognosis of the disease has been generally favorable. Although symptoms may recur, remission can be prolonged.
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PMID:Acute febrile juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in adults: cause of polyarthritis and fever. 737 68

Cefadroxil, a cephalosporin, had been prescribed to children with superinfected atopic dermatitis, and was shown to improve both the infection, the clinical status and induced a dramatic lowering of the serum total IgE levels. Further studies have confirmed the IgE immunomodulating properties of cefadroxil. We report the case of a 3 year old asthmatic child who was hospitalized for superimposed pneumonia and was included in a study evaluating cefadroxil. The child was also suffering of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. After treatment with cefadroxil and oral salbutamol, the child fully recovered. The initially elevated serum IgE (day 1:556 IU/ml) dropped to normal values (day 21: 52 IU/ml), while the production of IgE in vitro by peripheral blood B cells was normalized. We suggest that one mechanism of action of cefadroxil is the stimulation of production of gamma interferon in patients with atopic disorders; this mechanism interferes with the IL-4 primary signal, as well as with other second signals recognized for the synthesis of IgE. Gamma interferon may also prove beneficial for the control of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Cefadroxil reduces the production of IgE in a 3 year old asthmatic with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 823 16

Six patients were managed with gradual reduction of a deformity of the cervical spine, before operative stabilization, with use of a modified halo cast with adjustable distraction components that allowed the patient to sit and walk while the deformity was being corrected. The distraction components were constructed from the distractors, hinges, and connectors of an Ilizarov apparatus. The diagnoses were atlanto-axial subluxation secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation secondary to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation, ankylosing spondylitis with an angulated fracture of the seventh cervical vertebra, atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial subluxation secondary to familial cervical dysplasia, and cervicothoracic kyphosis secondary to laminectomy and radiation for astrocytoma. All of the deformities were corrected initially, but the deformity partially recurred in three patients: in the lower cervical area because of pseudarthrosis in one, and between the occiput and the first cervical vertebra after arthrodesis between the first and second cervical vertebrae in two. Complications included an infection at the site of the halo pin, which led to replacement of the pin (one patient); pressure sores under the body cast (two patients); dislodgment of the halo secondary to a fall, which necessitated reapplication of the halo (one patient); and pneumonia (one patient). Spinal distraction with halo-cast traction is a useful adjunct in the treatment of selected complex cervical and high thoracic deformities. Gradual three-dimensional correction may be obtained in a controlled fashion, while the patient is allowed out of bed to sit and walk.
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PMID:The halo-Ilizarov distraction cast for correction of cervical deformity. Report of six cases. 833 75

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of childhood. Methotrexate is an emerging antirheumatic drug in the pediatric population for disease refractory to conventional medications. While observations are encouraging, the toxic side effects can be potentially serious. Toxicity includes gastrointestinal intolerance, ulcerative stomatitis, chemical hepatitis, minor liver fibrosis, infection, hematologic suppression, acute pneumonitis, reversible oligospermia, and cirrhosis. The liver toxicities are of the greatest concern. If proper dosage and monitoring are followed, serious toxic effects can be prevented from occurring.
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PMID:Methotrexate use in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 845 Oct 58

Low-dose methotrexate, widely used for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, has been reported to cause pneumonitis in adults. We report on methotrexate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Physicians should be aware of this rare complication.
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PMID:Methotrexate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 960 13


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