Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and thirty-nine febrile episodes in 120 patients were treated with sisomicin after a combination of carbenicillin and a cephalosporin antibiotic had failed. These patients were randomized to receive sisomicin either by continuous or by intermittent infusion. The response rate for patients treated with sisomicin was 61 percent by continuous infusion and 46 percent by intermittent infusion, which was not statistically significant. Pneumonia, septicemia, and soft tissue infections were the most frequent infections. Most (96 percent) of the identified pathogens were gram-negative bacilli with the most frequent being Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The response rate was higher in those patients whose neutrophil count increased or remained the same while on therapy. The worst response was obtained if there was a decrease in the neutrophil count during therapy. The major toxicity of sisomicin was found to be azotemia and occurred in 17 percent of episodes treated by continuous infusion and in 21 percent treated by intermittent infusion. Hearing loss in the high frequency range occurred in five patients. Sisomicin is effective in the treatment of gram negative infections in neutropenic cancer patients.
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PMID:A comparative trial of sisomicin therapy by intermittent versus continuous infusion. 60 58

The majority of infectious complications in cancer patients are caused by Gram-negative bacilli. The most common organisms are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sites of infection are related to the patients' underlying malignancies, but pneumonia and septicaemia occur most often. Important newer antibiotics for the therapy of these infections are aminoglycosides and semisynthetic penicillins. It is advisable to utilize combinations of antibiotics for serious infections in cancer patients, and therapy should be instituted promptly at the onset of infection.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacillary infections in cancer patients. 60 79

We compared the prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli in the pharyngeal flora of two groups of patients with a known predilection for Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia (chronic alcoholics and diabetics), two other groups of aspiration-prone persons with no known predilection for Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia (epileptics and narcotic addicts), and normal control subjects. Quantitative cultures of saline gargles showed pharyngeal Gram-negative bacilli to be significantly (P less than .05) more prevalent among alcoholics (35%) and diabetics (36%) but not epileptics (17%) or addicts (20%) than controls (18%). Counts of greater than or equal to 100 Gram-negative bacilli per milliliter were also significantly more common in alcoholics (14%) and diabetics (24%) than controls (5%, P less than .05). Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli were the most common Gram-negative bacilli isolated. Increased colonization by Gram-negative bacilli might be a factor contributing to the propensity of alcoholics and diabetics for Gram-negative pneumonia.
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PMID:Pharyngeal colonization by gram-negative bacilli in aspiration-prone persons. 67 78

Fundamental and clinical studies of PC-904, a newly developed penicillin with a broad spectrum, were performed and the following results were obtained. (1) The serum levels of PC-904 after 1.5 hours drip infusion reached the peak at 1 hour or at the end of the infusion and the detectable levels of PC-904 were maintained up to 2 or 3 hours after the end of the infusion. (2) The urinary excretion rates up to 6 hours after the onset of the infusion were 19.2 approximately 25.5%. (3) Forty-one patients were treated with PC-904 and the majority of the diseases were acute respiratory infections. The treatment by the drip infusion of 50 approximately 100 mg/kg/day resulted in good responses to whooping cough, and lacunar tonsillitis, lymphadenitis and staphylococcal scald skin syndrome resistant to the treatment by ampicillin and cephalexin. The satisfactory results were also obtained by the treatment of almost the same dosage in the patients with acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and measles pneumonia. (4) Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the sputum culture of the patients with bronchopneumonia and they responded well to the treatment with PC-904. (5) The drip infusion of 60 approximately 70 mg/kg/day for 5 approximately 6 days was shown to be useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection of which the causative organism was E. coli. (6) No side effects were observed except rubella-like eruption in one case. (7) Clinical evaluation was examined in all cases except one patient of which the medication was withdrawn due to eruption, and the overall clinical efficacy was excellent or good in all of 40 cases.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatrics on PC-904, a penicillin with broad spectrum newly developed in Japan (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 61

PC-904 was administered to 16 pediatric patients and the following basic and clinical results were obtained. (1) PC-904 was administered 20 approximately 30 mg/kg. The serum peak level of PC-904 after drip intravenous infusion over 1 hour was 66.7 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 67.8 minutes. PC-904 was administered 25 approximately 30 mg/kg intravenous one shot injection was 49.4 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 52.2 minutes. (2) Urinary excretion rate was about 20% up to 6 hours after drip intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg. In a case of intravenous one shot injection of 25 approximately 30 mg/kg, the excretion rate was 11.9 approximately 19.9%. (3) PC-904 was administered 60 approximately 120 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 48 days to 5 cases of sepsis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of pneumonia, 2 of sss syndrome (staphylococcal scald skin syndrome) and 3 of pyelonephritis. Clinical effects were excellent in 11 cases and good in 5 cases, effective ratio being 100%. (4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Acinetobacter anitratus and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904, and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae reduced. (5) As to the side effect by PC-904, s-GOT and s-GPT were elevated in 2 cases. Anemia, rash and fever were observed in each 1 case out of 16 patients though the causal relation with the agent was unknown.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on new semisynthetic penicillin, PC-904, in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 65

PC-904 was administered to 24 patients: urinary tract infections (7 cases), bronchitis (2 cases), pneumonia (3 cases), brain abscess (1 case), septicemia and the suspected cases (10 cases), and buttock abscess (1 case). The daily dosage varied from 60 to 223.4 mg/kg and averaged 86.9 mg/kg. The drug was administered three times a day by 1-hour drip infusion, and the duration of the treatment averaged 11 days. Clinical results were obtained as excellent responses in 5 cases, good in 13, poor in 4, and unknown in 2, giving 75% of the clinical effectiveness. Bacteriological responses were excellent in 7, good in 2, poor in 2, and unknown in 13, and the overall effectiveness was evaluated as excellent in 2, good in 17, and unknown in 5. Antibacterial activities against clinically isolated bacteria were examined. MIC values of PC-904 were over 100 mg/ml 1 strain of E. coli and 2 strains of Klebsiella, however excellent sensitivities were observed in 3 strains of Ps. aeruginosa and MIC values varied 1.56 to 3.12 microgram/ml at 10(8) of inoculum size and 0.78 to 1.56 microgram/ml at 10(8). As to side effects, diarrhea was observed in 1 case, rash in 2, lowering ob blood pressure in 2, elevation of GOT in 1, and elevation of LDH in 2. Abnormal elevations of GOT (10 cases), GPT (5 cases), A1-P (1 case), LDH (7 cases), and BUN (1 case) were noticed in other patients, but it was considered to be due to underlying diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 66

Of 611 prospectively studied patients in a surgical intensive care unit, 177 developed hospital infections (29%): urinary tract infections (37.2%), pneumonia (22.5%), sepsis (19.7%), wound infections (9.6%), etc. The commonest pathogens were Pseud. aeruginosa, E. coli, Staph. aureus, enterococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. In preventing and combating hospital infections in intensive care units, priority should be given not to antibiotics but to hygiene in the hospital. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis prevents neither hospital-contracted pneumonia, sepsis nor urinary tract infections. There is an urgent need for controlled studies on the necessity and selection of locally active antibacterial and antimycotic substances to prevent germ ascension in vein and bladder catheters.
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PMID:[Antibiotic prophylaxis in intensive care]. 72 86

Representatives of Klebsiellae tribe (K. pneumoniae, Ent. cloacae, Ent, aerogenes) were isolated in examination of pharyngeal discharge and feces of members of the polar expedition suffering from diarrhea and their contacts; the same microbes were revealed in the antarctic lake which served as the source of drinking water. The mentioned bacteria possessed typical cultural and morphological, as well as biochemical properties. K34 serovar was determined in serological identification of Kl. pneumonia. At the same time it was demonstrated that Klebsiella--representatives of Enterobacteriaceae could be facultative psychophils and persist in the external environment under low temperature conditions; entering human organism they could cause diarrhea, i.e. could act as pathogens.
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PMID:[Isolation of bacteria of the Klebsiella genus in diarrhea in polar researchers]. 74 13

A retrospective review of 149 patients receiving 162 renal transplants showed that 83% of these patients developed one or more infections during a follow-up period averaging one year. In 32 (73%) of 44 deaths, infection was an important contributing cause. In only four (9%) of the deaths were the patients free of infection at the time of death. The Klebsiella-Enterobacter group was the most common agent causing pneumonitis and sepsis. Cryptococcus neoformans caused seven of 11 cases of meningitis. Pseudomonas was the most frequent agent associated with infections documented during postmortem examinations. In a short-term controlled study comparing daily and alternate daily therapy with prednisone, the alternate daily group had significantly (P less than .05) more infections per patient, especially in patients who had no evidence of rejection (P less than .025).
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PMID:Factors affecting the frequency infection in renal transplant recipients. 77 10

Therapeutic effect of lividomycin was observed in patients with infections of the respiratory tract (infections in association with bronchiectasis, mixed infections of cavities after negative conversion of tubercle bacilli, pneumonia, and so forth). Significant improvement of clinical symptoms was observed in 15 cases and no improvement in 4 cases. Lividomycin was administered at a dose of 1 g/day for 3 to 15 days. Staphylococcus aureus (9 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1 case), alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (3 cases), Aerococcus (4 cases) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case) were suggested to be causative organisms in the above-mentioned patients. (In one case, however, causative organism was not determined.) Lividomycin seemed to be effective in cases of infections with Staphylococcus aureus, alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas not effective in a case of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In order to differentiate causative organisms from the organisms constantly existing on the upper respiratory tract, alkali treatment was employed as an aid for the determination of the causative organisms. However, further studies are desirable for the evaluation of this procedure.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effect of lividomycin on infections of the respiratory tract (author's transl)]. 80 55


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