Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, was used to treat 19 patients with urinary tract infection and 5 with systemic infection. The causal organisms were Escherichia coli (in 2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (in 4), Serratia marcescens (in 12) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in 7); 1 patient was infected with two of these organisms. All the isolates of causal organisms except one of Serratia were initially sensitive to netilmicin but many were resistant to other aminoglycosides. Sixteen of the urinary tract infections responded to netilmicin therapy, although relapse occurred in three patients. Two of the three patients with musculoskeletal infection responded to combined therapy with surgery and netilmicin; the other patient responded to the same regimen but with carbenicillin added. Netilmicin cured pneumonia in one patient but failed in the other patient with pneumonia, who had leukemia. Superinfection occurred in five patients with urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions to netilmicin were minor. Netilmicin may prove to be a useful agent, particularly for infections due to multiresistant Klebsiella or Serratia, or when prolonged aminoglycoside therapy is required.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic experience with netilmicin. 10 97

Over a 12-month period, 27% of patients in a new ICU grew bacterial pathogens from sputum or tracheal cultures. The commonest isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. Endotracheal intubation, the length of time intubated, and antimicrobial therapy all predisposed to the isolation of organisms from sputum. No patient developed a gram-negative pneumonia, and there was no case of septicemia associated with a positive sputum culture. The presence of epithelial or pus cells in sputum was unrelated to the culture results. It was concluded that the growth of colonic bacteria from sputum or tracheal aspirates was of little prognostic or clinical significance. No significant common environmental site or cross-infection pathway was identified: sinks were contaminated by patients rather than vice versa. Most sputum isolates were probably endogenous in origin.
 ...
PMID:Insignificance of colonic bacteria in the sputum of patients in a new ICU. 11 56

The cure rate of infections in cancer patients is adversely affected by neutropenia (less than 1,000/mm3). In particular, patients with severe neutropenia (less than 100/mm3) have shown a poor response to antibiotics. To overcome the adverse effects of neutropenia, tobramycin was given by continuous infusion and combined with intermittent carbenicillin. Tobramycin was given to a total daily dose of 300 mg/m2 and carbenicillin was given at a dose of 5 gm every four hours. There were 125 infectious episodes in 116 cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The overall cure rate was 70%. Pneumonia was the most common infection and 61% of 59 episodes were cured. Gram-negative bacilli were the most common causative organisms and 69% of these infections were cured. The most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae and this, together with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accounted for 74% of all gram-negative bacillary infections. Response was not influenced by the initial neutrophil count, with a 62% cure rate for 39 episodes associated with severe neutropenia. However, failure of the neutrophil count to increase during therapy adversely affected response. Azotemia was the major side effect recognized, and it occurred in 11% of episodes. Major azotemia (serum creatinine greater than 2.5 mg/dl or BUN greater than 50 mg/dl) occurred in only 2%. Azotemia was not related to duration of therapy or serum tobramycin concentration. This antibiotic regimen showed both therapeutic efficacy and acceptable renal toxicity for these patients.
 ...
PMID:Continuous infusion tobramycin combined with carbenicillin for infections in cancer patients. 25 33

A bulging fissure sign was noticed on chest roentgenogram in a patient with H influenzae pneumonia. This sign is usually associated with Klebsiella pneumonia and has also been seen in pneumococcal and plague pneumonia, tuberculosis, mass lesions of the lung, and large lung abscesses. This is thought to be the first report of a bulging fissure sign associated with pneumonia due to H influenzae.
 ...
PMID:Bulging (sagging) fissure sign in Hemophilus influenzae lobar pneumonia. 30 60

Diplococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Other frequently isolated bacterial pathogens are Hemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella organisms, and Staphylococcus aureus. The etiologic agents most commonly implicated in hopsital-acquired pneumonias are gram-negative bacilli including E. coli, proteus organisms, and species of Klebsiella-Enterobacter, pseudomonas, and Serratia. Among older children and young-adults, Myocoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of penumonia. Influenza is the most important cause of viral pneumonia in adults, but there is increasing concern about pulmonary infection due to adenoviruses. In those with a history of travel to endemic areas, the diagnosis of fungal pneumonia due to Histoplasma capsulatrum, Blastomyces dermatitides, or Coccidioides immitis, should be considered. Penumonias due to opportunistic fungi (including species of Candida, Aspergillus, and Phycomycetes) and higher bacteria such as Nocardia asteroides are also on the increase, and these arise mostly in compromised hosts. Treatment of pneumonia almost always must be started before culture results are known and in the overwhelming majority of cases, appropriate regimens can be selected after taking an adquate history, doing a careful physical examination, evaluating expectorated sputum for cells and organisms, and examining the chest x-ray. Although anti-infective agents are the mainstay of treatment for most infectious pneumonias, supportive therapy, including adequate tracheobronchial toilet, drainage of abscesses, oxygen inhalation, maintenance of adequate nutrition, and monitoring for super-infection and anti-infective side effects may be life-saving in certain situations.
 ...
PMID:Infectious pneumonias: a review. 32 Feb 85

The kidneys of three patients who died of pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied at autopsy by light and immunofluoerescent microscopy. One had no clinical evidence of renal disease; two had only microscopic hematuria and mild proteinuria. Light microscopy revealed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in all three cases. Also in all three, immunofluorescent microscopy revealed a granular deposition of capsular polysaccharide antigens of Klebsiella pneumoniae in association with immunoglobulins and complement components in the mesangium and along the glomerular basement membrane. Furthermore, the glomerular bound immunoglobulins were eluted and demonstrated to contain antibodies specific to a capsular polysaccharide antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from each patient. These findings may illustrate that the capsular polysaccharides of Klebsiella pneumoniae are antigenic, and that the immune complex deposition in the kidney during infection with this agent can be associated with renal morphological changes. Whether or not clinical evidence of nephritis occurs may depend on the characteristics of the infection and the host factors.
 ...
PMID:Immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. 32 Nov 71

The clinical and radiological characteristics of 217 consecutive episodes of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia occurring in 189 adult cancer patients between November 1968 and December 1974 were analyzed. The majority of patients had acute leukemia (54%). Fever larger than or equal to 101 degrees F was the single most common symptom and sign of the presence of infection (90%). Next in frequency were crepitant rales (65%), cough (41%), dyspnea (19%) and chest pain (18%). Radiographic evidence of pneumonia was found in 83% of cases and it consisted mainly of alveolar infiltrates involving both lung fields and predominantly the bases. Up to one-third of the patients had normal chestx-ray examinations at the onset of infection, though they subsequently became abnormal in 42% of them. The majority of patients (81%) whose initial chest x-rays did not reveal the presence of pneumonia were neutropenic (less than 1000 circumlating neutrophils/mm3). Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most common infecting organisms. The overall cure rate was 61%; 70% for Klebsiella sp. infections and 64% for Pseudomonas sp. infections. Pulmonary abscesses occurred in 14% of the cases. Cures were related to the antibiotic sensitivity of the infecting organisms and to the number of circulating neutrophils during the period of infection. Best results were obtained with the administration of gentamicin, the newer aminoglycoside antibiotic sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin, or the combination of gentamicin with carbenicillin or with cephalosporins. Early and vigorous therapy of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia with appropriate antibiotics has improved the prognosis of this infection at our institution.
 ...
PMID:Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in the compromised host. 32 40

All of the febrile episodes occurring in 494 adults with acute leukemia were reviewed. There were an average of 2.39 febrile episodes per patient and the patients spent 28% of their days in the hospital with fever. Sixty-four percent of the febrile episodes were due to infection. The most common types of infection were disseminated infection and pneumonia, which together accounted for 69% of the total episodes of documented infection. The etiologic agent was identified in 73% of the documented infections and gram-negative bacilli were responsible for the great majority. The most common gram-negative bacilli causing infection were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the course of their leukemia, 31% of the patients had repeated episodes of infection caused by the same organism and 13% ahd repeated FUO's. Fever occurred most often when the patients had neutropenia (less than 500/mm3). The fatality rate from septicemia decreased from 84% in 1966 to 44% in 1972. The fatality rate for major infections caused by gram-positive cocci was 16%, for gram-negative bacilli was 37% and for fungi was 86%. Although infection remains a serious problem in leukemia patients, considerable progress has been made.
 ...
PMID:Fever and infection in leukemic patients: a study of 494 consecutive patients. 34 1

Comparison of 35 elderly patients hospitalized with pneumonia acquired in nursing homes and 35 elderly patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia showed that 16 (47.1%) of the nursing home patients had received previous antibiotic therapy compared with two (5.9%) of the community patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in 14 (40%) of the nursing home patients, but in only three (8.6%) of the community patients. Staphylococcus aureus was also more frequent in nursing home patients (nine, 25.7%) compared with community patients (five, 14.3%). Persons hospitalized with nursing home-acquired pneumonia should be treated initially with antimicrobial agents active against K pneumoniae and S aureus unless the clinical picture strongly suggests otherwise.
 ...
PMID:Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients. 35 45

The pharyngeal flora of a group of ambulatory alcoholic patients was studied and compared with the pharyngeal flora of a control group. Sixty-eight patients were studied, 34 alcoholics and 28 controls. Of the alcoholic patients, 59% had Gram-negative bacilli in their pharyngeal flora, while 14% of the control group had the same organisms. There were no differences in Gram-positive cocci colonization between the groups. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent isolate (40%) and the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group accounted for 76% of the isolates. Colonization rates of greater than 10 colony forming units/ml were found in 43% of the alcoholic patients. The high prevalence and higher colonization rates of Gram-negative bacilli in alcoholic patients might explain the higher incidence of Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia among alcoholics.
 ...
PMID:Pharyngeal flora in ambulatory alcoholic patients: prevalence of gram-negative bacilli. 36 86


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>