Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the efficacy of a rapid immunochromatographic membrane test (ICT) for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen for diagnosing S. pneumoniae pneumonia, ICT was performed with urine samples using the Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae kit at the time of admission. The results were compared with those from conventional microbiological studies. Three hundred and forty-nine adult patients with CAP who were admitted to the hospital were studied prospectively between February 2001 and January 2004. The ICT test was positive in 115 (33.0%) of 349 patients enrolled into the study and in 63 (75.9%) of 83 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia confirmed by conventional methods. The test revealed a sensitivity of 75.9% and a specificity of 94.0% with conventional microbiological criteria used as the reference standard. The positive predictive value was 91.3%, and the negative predictive value was 82.6%. The clinical features of 53 patients in whom ICT was positive and no pathogen was identified showed no significant difference from those of 83 patients who had pneumococcal pneumonia identified by conventional methods. The diagnostic yield of pneumococcal pneumonia was increased up to 38.9% using ICT combined with conventional methods. The Binax NOW ICT to detect S. pneumoniae urinary antigen is therefore a rapid and useful method for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia. Induction of ICT will prove the predominance of S. pneumoniae in the etiology of CAP.
 ...
PMID:A 3-year prospective study of a urinary antigen-detection test for Streptococcus pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia: utility and clinical impact on the reported etiology. 1561 62

A 77-year-old man who had fever and chest pain was admitted to a neighboring hospital on a diagnosis of pneumonia. Chest X-ray film finding deteriorated despite treatment with 2 g cefotaxime per day. Because of accompanying acute renal failure, he was transferred to our hospital. Hemodialysis with intravenous administration of erythromycin and meropenem resulted in recovery from acute renal failure, and his general condition improved. Because of liver dysfunction, erythromycin was changed to pazufloxacin. Although he was negative for Legionella urinary antigen determined with a rapid assay kit, Binax NOW, his serum titer for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4 was elevated. Finally, a diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4 was established.
 ...
PMID:[Legionnaires' disease with acute renal failure caused by Legionella pneumophilla serogroup 4]. 1636 67

Detection of urinary antigen by a rapid immunochromatographic membrane test (Binax NOW) was widely accepted as a powerful tool for diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. This is a qualitative kit, so the value of quantitative analysis of urinary antigen, especially correlation of antigen titers and severity of diseases, remained to be determined. We examined semi-quantitative antigen titer in urines collected from urinary antigen-proven S. pneumoniae pneumonia on admission, and analyzed the kinetics of antigen titer and its relation to severity of diseases. After serial 2-fold dilution of urine, the highest dilution for positive results was determined, and this was designated as maximum dilution factor (MDF). MDFs varied from 1 to 4096 in 29 patients examined (mean MDF, 317.8). Importantly, severe cases of S. pneumoniae pneumonia were higher values of MDFs (mean MDF: 760.5) than those of non-severe cases (mean MDF: 5.4). The patients with high MDFs (> or = 64) demonstrated higher values of LDH, CRP and lower values of WBC and PaO2 compared to those of low MDFs group (< or = 32). There was no clear correlation between CRP values and antigen titers, and conversely the majority of severe cases showed relatively weak CRP responses, despite high levels of bacterial antigen. Kinetic analysis of urinary and serum antigen titers in 4 cases of S. pneumoniae pneumonia exhibited consistently higher values of antigen titers in urine than those in serum. The half lives of urinary and serum antigen titers were calculated to be 1.0-3.4 and 1.1-2.3 weeks, respectively. These data suggest that quantitative analysis of urinary antigen may be a useful indicator for severity of disease and course of S. pneumoniae pneumonia. Our results demonstrate an application for S. pneumoniae antigen titer determination in urine and serum, which may be crucial not only for diagnostic measures, but also may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae infection.
 ...
PMID:Semi-quantitative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen: kinetics of antigen titers and severity of diseases. 1757 39

In this study, real-time PCR with pathogen-specific molecular beacons (MB) and primers was evaluated for prediction of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) causative agents, detecting six main CAP agents, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Streptococcus pyogenes, simultaneously. The PCR assay was evaluated for fresh clinical specimens from infants and children (n = 389) and from adults (n = 40). The MB probes and primers are both pathogen specific, namely, the lytA gene for S. pneumoniae, the mip gene for L. pneumophila, and 16S rRNA genes for the remaining four organisms. DNA extraction of clinical specimens was performed with a commercially available EXTRAGEN II kit, and amplification was performed with Stratagene Mx3000P. The limit of detection for these pathogens ranged from 2 copies to 18 copies. The whole process from DNA extraction to the analysis was finished in less than 2 h. The obtained sensitivity and specificity of this real-time PCR study relative to those of conventional cultures were as follows: 96.2% and 93.2% for S. pneumoniae, 95.8% and 95.4% for H. influenzae, 100% and 100% for S. pyogenes, and 100% and 95.4% for M. pneumoniae, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for M. pneumoniae relative to those of a serologic assay were 90.2% and 97.9%, respectively. In six clinical samples of C. pneumoniae, the real-time PCR gave positive predictable values, and in those cases, elevation of the titer value was also observed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a real-time PCR assay with pathogen-specific MB is useful in identifying CAP causative agents rapidly and in examining the clinical course of empirical chemotherapy in a timely manner, supporting conventional culture methods.
 ...
PMID:Simultaneous detection of pathogens in clinical samples from patients with community-acquired pneumonia by real-time PCR with pathogen-specific molecular beacon probes. 1659 74

Despite major improvements in the diagnosis of pathogenic organisms causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs), details of infections caused by atypical pathogens are not well understood, particularly in developing countries. This clinical and epidemiological research was conducted in Bangladesh to explore the prevalence of atypical pathogens in causing childhood pneumonia. Sixty-four children with ARI were studied at the Pediatric Outpatient Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, during September through December 2000. In addition to clinical examination, hematological, radiological, and bacteriological examinations were performed. Antibody titers from paired sera against Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella spp. in the acute and convalescent phases revealed that none of these children were infected with M. pneumoniae, while only one serum sample was positive for L. pneumophila serogroup 4. Antibody titers against Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae, determined by an indirect microimmunofluorescence method, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (HITAZYME C. pneumoniae kit) indicated that 13 children (20.3%) were infected with C. pneumoniae. Our results indicate a high prevalence rate of C. pneumoniae, suggesting it is as an important causative pathogen of childhood pneumonia in Bangladesh.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae among Bangladeshi children under age 5 years with acute respiratory infections. 1682 46

We investigated 90 patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) pneumonia. Forty-four patients were men, 46 were women and the mean age was 43.1 years old. Twenty-nine patients were smokers and 28 had underlying diseases. As for diagnostic method, 16 were culture positive, 71 had a fourfold increase in antibody titer to M. pneumoniae, and 3 were both culture positive and had a fourfold increase in antibody titer. Regarding the degree of severity, 21 patients were classified as severe according to Japanese Respiratory Society diagnostic criteria, 11 patients were diagnosed as severe according to American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 18 patients were <60mmHg, 5 patients were under mechanical ventilation, and 3 patients died. Three of 16 patients treated with only beta-lactum antibiotics recovered. The 3 patients who died were M. pneumoniae culture-positive and two patients had polymicrobial infections. Severe pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is not unusual. If a rapid diagnosis kit or culture method of M. pneumoniae pneumonia is not introduced, the pathogen might be unknown in cases of rapid death due to M. pneumoniae pneumonia. These data suggest that the mortality rate of M. pneumoniae pneumonia might be underestimated without these detection tests.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical study of 90 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]. 1703 3

We evaluated a kit for the rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. A total of 194 otherwise healthy children, aged 0.3-14.9 years, were diagnosed as having pneumonia by chest X-ray findings between December 2003 and November 2004, and were admitted to Showa Hospital. Isolation of M. pneumoniae was attempted from a throat swab obtained on admission, and the complement fixation titer was measured in paired serum samples obtained at admission and at the convalescent stage. We also used a rapid diagnosis kit (ImmunoCard Mycoplasma) for the detection of specific immunoglobulin M antibody in paired sera. Pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae was defined by isolation of this microorganism, or by seroconversion, or a >or=4-fold increase in the antibody titer. Using each isolate, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations for five antimicrobial agents by the broth dilution method. M. pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed in 45 children (23.2%). The ImmunoCard had a sensitivity of 31.8% using admission serum and 88.6% using paired sera, while the specificity was 78.1% and 70.5%, respectively. M. pneumoniae was isolated from 14 of the 45 patients (31.1%). The 50%/90% minimum inhibitory concentration (microg/ml) of erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, minocycline, and levofloxacin was 0.006/0.012, <or=0.003/<or=0.003, <or=0.003/<or=0.003, 0.78/1.56, and 0.39/0.78, respectively. For a rapid diagnosis of M. pneumoniae pneumonia, the ImmunoCard was not effective. Macrolides showed superior in vitro antimicrobial activity against M. pneumoniae isolates causing pediatric pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Utility of a rapid diagnosis kit for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. 1772 81

Nucleic acids were extracted from 215 throat swabs from patients with community-acquired pneumonia by the manual Boom extraction, the NucliSens miniMAG and the Qiagen DNA blood kit and amplified respectively by in-house real-time NASBA, NucliSens EasyQ reagents, and real-time PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Five out of 215 throat swabs were found to be C. pneumoniae positive by all techniques used. A total of 11 out of 215 throat swabs were positive for M. pneumoniae; 10/215 by Qiagen extraction and PCR amplification and 9/215 by NucliSens miniMAG and NucliSens EasyQ amplification. The NucliSens miniMAG and NucliSens EasyQ applications were successfully coupled to detect both organisms in throat swabs.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the NucliSens miniMAG RNA extraction and real-time NASBA applications for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in throat swabs. 1807 24

We evaluated the usefulness of a rapid immunochromatographic membrane test (Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae kit; ICT) to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in early diagnosis of pneumococcal respiratory tract infections and the relationship to the severity of pneumonia. We diagnosed 155 of 592 samples, which were performed by ICT, as S. pneumoniae respiratory tract infections. Sixty-three samples (40.6%) exhibited mixed infection. We evaluated the severity of infection using the A-DROP system and compared positive rates. Pneumococcal antigen was detected in patients with severe or most severe pneumococcal infections as frequently as in those with mild or moderate infections. Meanwhile sputum gram staining yielded a lower detection rate in patients with severe or most severe infections than those with mild or moderate infections (P = 0.0046). Serum C-reactive protein levels increased in patients with severe penumococcal infection, but decreased in those with the most severe pneumococcal infection (P<0.0001). The test revealed a sensitivity of 67.7% and a specificity of 98.8%, and the diagnostic yield of pneumococcal pneumonia increased by 7.7% using ICT combined with conventional methods. In conclusion, ICT is a useful test for the early diagnosis of pneumococcal respiratory infections especially in adult patients with severe or most severe infections for whom demonstrative results of a sputum Gram stain is unavailable, even after commencement of antibiotic treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the usefulness of a rapid immunochromatographic membrane test to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in the early diagnosis of pneumococcal respiratory tract infections and the relationship to the severity of pneumonia]. 1826 Mar 4

We studied the effects of Q fever in hospital-acquired pneumonia. The subjects consisted of 121 cases with hospital-acquired pneumonia treated during the period from December 2004 till June 2007. Q fever was diagnosed using a PanBio Coxiella burnetii ELISA test kit. There were no patients with acute infection by Coxiella burnetii. It is concluded that C. burnetii cannot induce onset of hospital-acquired pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:[Q fever in hospital-acquired pneumonia]. 1840 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>