Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Emphysema mortality is higher in Colorado than in the nation as a whole despite the younger age of Colorado's population Colorado death records from 1959 to 1976 were examined to determine if emphysema mortality increases with altitude within the state and if altitude adversely affects survival from chronic lung disease. Because the proportion of persons older than 65 yr of age in Colorado decreases with altitude (r = -0.6, p less than 0.01), emphysema mortality was age-standardized. The age-standardized rate increases with altitude among males (r = 0.9, p less than 0.01; y = 0.003(x) + 42.1). Emphysema deaths at higher altitudes in Colorado (greater than or equal to 7,000 ft) occur at a younger age (68.1 +/- 0.6 yr (mean +/- SEM) versus 70.1 +/- 0.6 yr at lower altitudes), after a shorter duration of illness, and more commonly from cor pulmonale than at lower altitudes (less than or equal to 4,500 ft) where pneumonia is more common as the immediate cause of death. The mechanism by which high altitude residence interacts unfavorably with survival is not known but may stem from augmented pulmonary hypertension caused by the hypoxia of lung disease added to the hypoxia of high altitude.
 ...
PMID:Emphysema mortality is increased in Colorado residents at high altitude. 710 48

A model for the in vivo evaluation of antipneumocystis drugs has been developed in SCID mice infected intratracheally with cryopreserved mouse-derived Pneumocystis carinii. The development of a highly reproducible fatal P. carinii pneumonia occurred within 10 weeks (mean survival time +/- SEM = 72.2 +/- 1.2 days). Continuous administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/liter in the drinking water) exacerbated the rate of onset of severe P. carinii pneumonia (mean survival time +/- SEM = 63 +/- 1.3 days) in SCID mice. The number of cysts per g of lung homogenate (homogenate counts) were maximal with an inoculum of 20,000 cysts at 6 weeks post infection. Homogenate counts correlated with infection scores (graded assessments of immunofluorescent cysts on lung impression smears) suggesting that infection scoring accurately and rapidly reflects the severity of P. carinii pneumonia in SCID mice. These studies led to the development of a drug screening protocol in which Pneumocystis-free female SCID mice (20-25 g) were started on dexamethasone 7 days prior to IT inoculation with a single dose of 20,000 cysts. Drugs were evaluated either for: a) prophylaxis (continuously from day 1 post infection) or b) treatment (from day 21 post infection) until day 42 post infection, when all mice were killed and infection scores determined. Co-trimoxazole (at 250 mg sulfamethoxazole + 50 mg trimethoprim/kg/day) given in the drinking water was found to be highly effective in both the prophylaxis and treatment of mouse P. carinii pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Artificial infections of Pneumocystis carinii in the SCID mouse and their use in the in vivo evaluation of antipneumocystis drugs. 786 80

The risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis have not been well characterized. We undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis and P. carinii pneumonia who were followed at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. The chart review focused on clinical, laboratory, and roentgenologic evidence of P. carinii pneumonia. Eleven cases of P. carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in some 180 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, for an overall incidence of approximately 6%. All patients developed P. carinii pneumonia either during the initial course of treatment or during therapy for recurrent Wegener's granulomatosis. All patients were receiving daily glucocorticoids and a second immunosuppressive therapy. Lymphocytopenia was noted in all patients, with a mean +/- SEM total lymphocyte count of 303 +/- 69 cells/microL. All patients tested (10 of 11) were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Eight presented with worsening chest roentgenograms compared with baseline, whereas three presented with normal chest roentgenograms. We conclude that P. carinii is a common opportunistic pathogen in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Therapeutic immunosuppression (daily glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents) and the resultant lymphocytopenia, as well as the lymphocyte and monocyte functional abnormalities caused by glucocorticoids, may be the most likely factors predisposing to P. carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Based on our data, all patients with Wegener's granulomatosis should be given chemoprophylaxis against P. carinii while they are receiving daily glucocorticoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. 852 Jul 98

Two distinct types of tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNF-R) have been identified (TNF-R55 and TNF-R75). Both TNF-R also exist in soluble forms (TNF-sR), resulting from the release of the extracellular domains (TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75). TNF-sR may play an important role in vivo as they can bind to TNF alpha and prevent ligand binding to the cellular TNF-R, thus acting as naturally occurring inhibitors of TNF alpha. Sera from lung allograft recipients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis (12 patients) were assayed for TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75. The concentrations were compared with those from either control lung recipients displaying neither rejection nor infection (12 patients), or lung recipients with allograft rejection (12 patients). Serum TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunologic binding assay. Serum TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75 concentrations were significantly higher during CMV pneumonitis (mean +/- SEM: 13.7 +/- 4.7 ng/ml, and 11.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml, respectively) than during allograft rejection (3.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, p < 0.001, and 2.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). They were also higher than in control subjects (3.6 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, p < 0.001, and 1.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). Serum TNF alpha concentration was low in case of rejection or in control subjects (< 20 pg/ml). Conversely increased levels of TNF alpha were detected in the serum of six out of the 12 patients with CMV pneumonitis (p < 0.03 versus rejection and control subjects). Ganciclovir treatment of CMV pneumonitis led to a dramatic decrease of TNF alpha, TNF-sR55, and TNF-sR75 serum levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Soluble TNF receptors (TNF-sR55 and TNF-sR75) in lung allograft recipients displaying cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. 800 30

From 2 to 4.5 months of age, 80 crossbred gilts were reared in a conventional grower unit where they were naturally exposed to mycoplasmal and bacterial pathogens that cause pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. At 4.5 months of age, gilts were moved to environmentally regulated rooms (4.9 x 7.3 m) and assigned at random to 1 of 2 treatment groups: low aerial concentration of ammonia (4 to 12 ppm; mean, 7 ppm) or moderate aerial concentration of ammonia (26 to 45 ppm, mean, 35 ppm). Low concentration of ammonia was obtained by flushing of manure pits weekly, whereas moderate concentration of ammonia was maintained by adding anhydrous ammonia to manure pits that were not flushed. Gilts were weighed biweekly. Mean daily gain (MDG) was less (P < 0.01) for gilts exposed to moderate concentration of ammonia than for gilts exposed to low concentration of ammonia after 2 weeks in their respective environments. By 4 and 6 weeks, however, MDG was similar between the 2 treatment groups. After 6 weeks in these environments, 20 gilts from each treatment group were slaughtered, and prevalence and severity of lung lesions and snout grades were determined. At slaughter, body weight was greater (P < 0.01) in gilts exposed to low, rather than moderate, ammonia concentration (94.5 vs 86.8 kg; SEM, 3.3 kg). Percentage of lung tissue containing lesions (18 vs 12) and snout grade (2.8 vs 3.1) were similar between gilts exposed to low or moderate concentration of ammonia. The remaining 20 gilts in each treatment group were maintained in their respective environments, exposed daily to mature boars and bred at first estrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Growth and reproductive performance, during exposure to ammonia, of gilts afflicted with pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. 811 50

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is a regulator of inflammation and immunity. As production of IL-6 may be an important mechanism by which local and systemic inflammatory processes are regulated during lung transplantation, we measured this cytokine concentration in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected in 27 lung recipients. IL-6 bioactivity was analyzed using a B cell hybridoma proliferation assay (B9 cell line). Three groups of clinical situations were analyzed: control lung recipients, rejections, and CMV pneumonia. Serum IL-6 concentrations (mean +/- SEM) were 24.2 +/- 3.3 U/ml in the 26 control samples. In 20 allograft rejection episodes, the serum IL-6 concentration was higher than in control samples but the difference was not significant (59.3 +/- 20.5 U/ml, P > 0.05). IL-6 serum levels were significantly increased during the 14 CMV pneumonias (61.2 +/- 11.5 U/ml, P < 0.01). In BALF, IL-6 levels were increased during CMV pneumonia (52.4 +/- 21.9 U/ml BALF), and to a lesser extent during rejection events (14.1 +/- 3.7 U/ml BALF), as compared with controls (5.6 +/- 1.6 U/ml BALF, P < 0.005, and P < 0.05, respectively). Similar results were observed when IL-6/albumin and IL-6/urea ratios were determined so as to compensate for possible dilution effects in BALF. IL-6 in BALF was produced in situ during CMV pneumonia as shown by in situ hybridization experiments that revealed a significant number of IL-6 gene-expressing alveolar cells in this condition. IL-6 concentrations in the serum and in the BALF were compared. There was no correlation between serum and BALF IL-6 concentrations, showing that serum IL-6 levels do not accurately reflect intrapulmonary IL-6 levels do not accurately reflect intrapulmonary IL-6 production. Thus IL-6 is produced within lung transplants during CMV pneumonia, and to a lesser extent during allograft rejection.
 ...
PMID:In situ production of interleukin-6 within human lung allografts displaying rejection or cytomegalovirus pneumonia. 821 59

The predictive value of serial versus isolated measurements of transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in a cohort of 474 HIV-1 seropositive patients, with all stages of HIV disease, was evaluated. Two groups of patients were studied, one group with serial lung function measurements (Group 1) and another with only a single set of measurements (Group 2). During the study period 118 patients performing serial tests developed a respiratory illness of which 58 were performing monthly and 60 three monthly measurements of lung function (Group 1). In 36 patients from Group 1, where PCP was diagnosed, monthly lung function tests showed a decrease in TLCO from 68% (+/- 3.2) (SEM), (8 weeks prior to illness), to 44% (+/- 2.5) predicted normal at presentation, whereas in 22 patients who did not have PCP, TLCO fell from 71% (+/- 4.5) to 57% (+/- 3.1). TLCO was thus reduced to lower values in these with PCP than in those without PCP (p < 0.05). A fall of TLCO of 5% from initial values when used as predictive for presence of PCP had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificty of 28% (positive predictive value 56%; negative predictive value 48%). TLCO was < 70% predicted in 72/78 patients with PCP who performed only single lung function tests (Group 2), which gave a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 71% as a diagnostic test for PCP when compared with the cohort as a whole. The positive predictive value was 34%, negative predictive value was 98%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Serial pulmonary function tests in the diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia. 833 1

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies to human lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) was applied to sera from patients with lung diseases. We examined whether SP-A appears in the sera of patients with diseases that are known to cause alterations in surfactant composition in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and we characterized the SP-A that was found. The level of SP-A in sera from 57 healthy volunteers was 45 +/- 3 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). The levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (205 +/- 23 ng/ml, n = 32) and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) (285 +/- 23 ng/ml, n = 6) were significantly higher than those in healthy control subjects (p < 0.01), whereas those of sarcoidosis (n = 16), pneumonia (n = 14), and tuberculosis (n = 14) were 52 +/- 27 ng/ml, 65 +/- 11 ng/ml, and 49 +/- 23 ng/ml, respectively. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that the fraction isolated from serum of a patient with PAP or IPF by anti-SP-A immunoaffinity column chromatography consisted chiefly of human IgG and IgM, and that it also contained SP-A. Furthermore, IgG was found in preparation of purified human SP-A. SP-A was demonstrated to bind to nonimmune IgG coated onto microtiter wells. Gel filtration analysis revealed that serum SP-A was eluted at fractions of larger molecular size than was the purified SP-A. These findings suggest that SP-A appears in the bloodstream as a complex with immunoglobulin in IPF and in PAP.
 ...
PMID:Elevated levels of lung surfactant protein A in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. 844 9

Gastric pH and volume were measured in four groups of 15 patients scheduled for elective surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either no antacid, oral omeprazole 40 mg the evening before surgery, oral omeprazole 40 mg 2 h before surgery, or effervescent cimetidine 800 mg, 2 h before surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone (4-6 mg kg-1), fentanyl (0.03 mg kg-1) and vecuronium (0.1 mg kg-1) and maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen (50/50) and isoflurane. After induction of anaesthesia and on completion of surgery, gastric pH (mean +/- SEM) and volume were measured using a glass electrode and a phenol red dilution technique. Gastric pH were significantly higher in the three treated groups than in control (P < 0.01). Omeprazole and cimetidine were equally effective in reducing volume and pH of the gastric juice at the beginning and at the end of anaesthesia. Nevertheless 14.2 and 28.5% of patients who received omeprazole respectively the day before or the morning of surgery remained at risk of aspiration pneumonitis (gastric pH < 2.5 and gastric volume > 25 ml).
 ...
PMID:Comparison of omeprazole with cimetidine for prophylaxis of acid aspiration in elective surgery. 849 82

Cosmetics are a frequent cause of contact dermatitis, not only in females but also in males. Men use cosmetics in the form of deodorant, hair dye and aftershave lotions. U.S.A men spent more than 6,000,000,000 million dollars in cosmetic products. Responsible substances of contact dermatitis are unidentified in many occasions, what impedes the estimation of morbidity data. It is calculated that 2-4% of dermatological consultations are due to contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics. The Spanish industry manufactures each year articles valued in several thousands of million pesetas, 14% of which are exported. Annual manufacturing is raising between 10 and 11%. The French journal Cosmetology (IMS) pointed as an example the fact that in the third trimester of 1978, the number of sold products was as follows: 87,880 units of cleansing milk; 128,020 creams; 237,200 tonics; 10,228 lip protectors. The Committee of European Unions for Perfumery and Cosmetology (COLIPA) reported in 1978 a yearly sale in Europe of 225,000,000 units of hair dyes, exclusively. Adverse reactions to cosmetics affect not only the skin in the form of irritant or contact dermatitis, but cases of conjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, rhinitis, angioedema, pneumonitis and anaphylaxis-like reactions due to cosmetic products, mainly hair bleaching agents, perm liquids and hair spray, have been also reported. The present work studied the prevalence of sensitizations to cosmetic products on the professional staff of a beauty salon in our city of Las Palmas (SEM). Twenty people came to our Unit of Allergology to fill a questionnaire and undergo a skin test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence of cosmetic sensitivity among beauticians]. 855 88


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>