Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hairy cells from eight patients with hairy cell leukemia were evaluated with both light and transmission electron microscopy for their capacity to phagocytose zymosan, latex, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. In two patients, there was no phagocytosis of any of these substances; cells from three patients phagocytosed only latex; two, all except pseudomonas; and one, all 4 substances. Hairy cells became relatively smooth while in culture with staphylococcus, but no surface changes were noted during incubation with the other substances. Of the eight patients studied, one died of pseudomonas pneumonia and sepsis; pseudomonas was the only substance which her hairy cells did not phagocytose. The one patient whose hairy cells phagocytosed all 4 test substances developed a disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection; culture of his hairy cells with this atypical myocbacterium showed no phagocytosis. Hairy cells have different phagocytic capabilities from patient to patient, and the evaluation of these capabilities in vitro might provide early identification of potential infectious complications.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukemia: differences in phagocytic capacity of cells in vitro. 3 38

The authors carried out a study on 100 cases with broncho-pulmonary infections in two different periods: 1963--1964 and 1973--1974. Changes in the microbial flora were investigated, as well as the sensitivity of germs to antibiotics. An increase was noted in the number of chronic bronchitis and a decrease in the number of pneumonia cases. In the microbial flora there was a constant proportion of staphylococcus, streptococcus and coli strains. The proportion of micrococci decreased with time and pneumococci practically disappeared, being replaced by klebsiella germs. Sensitivity to penicilin remained almost identical while that to chloramphenicol decreased significantly, as well as sensitivity to tetracycline and neomycine. The practical conclusion is that in some cases the application of penicilin treatment, before the results of the antibiogram are available appears to be justified.
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PMID:[Changes in time of the microbial flora in bronchopulmonary infections]. 19 92

The effect on donor leukocyte migration of serum obtained from the patients with tuberculosis of the lungs, chronic pneumonia and healthy persons was studied after subcutaneous or intradermal injection of the microbial antigen (PPD, streptococcus and staphylococcus antigen). A factor inhibiting donor leukocyte migration appeared in the blood serum of sensitized individuals after the antigen injection. This factor proved to be localized in the serum fraction III obtained after the gel-filtration of sephadex G-200, and is sorbed by leukocytes.
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PMID:[Detection of a factor suppressing leukocyte migration in the sera of allergy patients following antigen administration]. 32 58

The dynamics of secretory antibody formation, the duration of secretory antibody preservation, and changes in the concentration of secretory antibodies to antigens other than influenza virus were studied in 64 patients with influenza A, 105 patients with influenza B, and 23 persons who had had influenza A. Severe forms of influenza A were accompanied by antibody accumulation in sera and nasal secretions; in some cases of mild forms of this infection, this process was limited by the humoral immunity system. In the first days of severe forms, transudation of antibodies from sera to nasal secretions was noted. Secretory antibodies to influenza A virus were preserved at titers of greater than or equal to 1:4 for four to eight months in persons with mild forms of the disease and for more than eight months in those with severe influenza A complicated with pneumonia. Decreases in the titer of antibodies to agents other than influenza A virus, including influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and staphylococcus toxin, were demonstrated in association with rises in titers of antibody to influenza A virus. Among patients with influenza B, who were infected with a new influenza virus variant, the formation of circulating antibodies was more intensely stimulated than was the formation of secretory antibodies. No correlation between the level of IgA and the antibody titer in nasal secretions was found.
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PMID:Secretory immunity in influenza. 54 22

Cancer patients show an immune deficit whose beginnings are influenced to one extent or another, by two factors: the cancer itself, and the antimitotic-immunosuppressive treatment to which the patient is subjected. The immune deficit will have repercussions in the anti-infectious defense that these patients show: --Greater number of infections. --Greater severity of infections. --Tendency towards generalization and showing of septicemic states. The problem is most serious in hematological tumors (leukemia, lymphosarcoma) where the primary cause of death is infection. During the period of activity of the disease, and also in relation to the antimitotic treatment, the PMN will decrease in absolute count and will function poorly. The consequence will be a high frequency of bacterial infections, sepsis, pneumonia, skin infections, etc., predominantly caused by gram-negative germs and staphylococcus (any germ considered not to be "very virulent" can be found); and it will result in a high mortality rate. When these children are in remission or have solid tumors, the problem is not so acute, and bears more relation to antimitotic treatment and other extraneous factors (hospitalization, catheters, antibiotics, gastrointestinal ulcers...). Patients most frequently show localized bacterial, viral and protozoon infections (varicella, zooster, herpes simplex, cytomegalia, pneumocystis) because of the predominance of cellular immunity deficit.
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PMID:Immunosuppression. Role on the infectious diseases of oncologic children. 57 77

The authors present the results of a comparative cytochemical study of the phagocytes' and lymphocytes' lysosomal membranes state in the rabbit blood, trachea and lungs in immunization with sorbed staphylococcus toxoid and human serum albumin in experimental pneumonia and in this disease against the background of immunization. It was shown that the changes resulting from immunization (the phagocytes' and lymphocytes' lysosomal membranes systemic destabilization, microcirculatory disorders, and cell infiltration in the lungs) were premorbid to pneumonia and intensified the inflammation. The authors considered these changes to be structural and functional signs of the immunopathological reactions accompanying pneumonia.
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PMID:[Histocytochemical features of immunopathologic changes in inflammation of the lungs]. 67 38

It was shown that in the immunization of rabbits with sorbed staphylococcus toxoid and human albumin, at the height of the immune response there occurred an intensification of biosynthesis and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of blood leukocytes, with a simultaneous development of microcirculation disturbances in the lungs. Development of pneumonia against the background of immunization led to a greater destabilization of the lysosomic membranes of leukocytes and to the intensification in the lungs of infiltrative and destructive processes, in comparison with the course of inflammation in the nonimmunized animals. Peculiarities of the antigens used caused some specificity in the course of pneumonia. A relationship between the changes of blood leukocytes and disturbances in the lungs in immunization is supposed.
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PMID:[Changes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes after immunization and its effect on the course of experimental inflammatory process in the lungs]. 69 89

Twenty children with ALL that died in 1959-1960 and 59 children with ALL that died in 1969-1970 were analyzed according to the infections at both their terminal illness and their initial presentations. Despite the availability of more effective agents for pseudomonas and staphylococcus, the pattern of infecting organisms at the terminal illness did not change appreciably in this decade. E. coli, pseudomonas, staphylococcus, and candida were the principal organisms involved as a cause of death. Thirty-five of these 79 patients were febrile when they initially presented, prior to the institution of chemotherapy. Seven of the 35 patients (20%) had proved infections. It appears that the fever in the majority of patients at their initial presentations was noninfectious in origin. In 1969-1970, 13 pulmonary aspirates were performed to aid in the etiological diagnosis of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Only a single case (8%) of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii was detected, and it is our suspicion that the majority of these interstitial pneumonias were viral in origin.
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PMID:Infections in children with acute leukemia. 77 73

Macrolides are the primary drugs of choice for a number of clinically significant infections in children. The clinical aspects of newer macrolides such as roxithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, flurithromycin, miocamycin, rokitamycin, azithromycin and RP 59500 are discussed in different pediatric infections including streptococcal infections (e.g. pharyngitis, otitis, pneumonia, skin infections), staphylococcus soft tissue infections, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydial infections as well as legionellosis and campylobacter enteritis. Also, incidences of adverse events in pediatric patients receiving different macrolides are indicated as well as the dosages in children. The advantages of newer macrolides are: lower dosages, b.i.d. or once daily dosage regimens, good intracellular and tissue penetration, better activity against gram-negative microorganisms (some) and a low rate of adverse reactions.
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PMID:Clinical use of the new macrolides, azalides, and streptogramins in pediatrics. 133 54

Infection due to Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality. However, its treatment is increasingly complicated by the rising prevalence of resistance to antibiotics. Apart from the two recognized modes of staphylococcal resistance, namely, penicillinase production and intrinsic resistance, Sabath and associates have described a third type in which resistance is manifested by susceptibility to growth inhibition but tolerance to the lethal action of bactericidal agents. The mechanism of tolerance is attributed to a deficiency of autolytic enzyme activity in the part of bacteria, possibly secondary to an inhibition of autolysins in the tolerant staphylococcal strains. These strains are found in patients with infections responding poorly to treatment with cell-wall active antibiotics including vancomycin. Because of its unique mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties, rifampin has been reported to be the most active among 65 antistaphylococcal agents tested and have the capacity to kill intraleukocytic staphylococci. We present 2 cases who were cured following the addition of rifampin to previously established regimens. Case 1 was a 40-year-old male who had fever, cough, dyspnea, a right elbow abscess and left leg swelling for 2 weeks prior to admission. Culture of purulent material from the elbow abscess grew staphylococcus aureus. Chest X-ray showed bilateral septic embolism and phleborheography showed partial deep vein occlusion of the left ileofemoral vein. Case 2 was 22-year-old female with fever, chills and cough for 3 weeks. Blood culture grew staphylococcus aureus, and Chest X-ray revealed bilateral septic embolism with pneumonia. Neither of them responded to standard antibiotics which were judged adequate by in vitro sensitivity tests. Clinical cure was later obtained after rifampin was added to the regimens. These results suggest that rifampin may be a useful adjunct in the therapy of staphylococcal infections.
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PMID:[The use of rifampin in the treatment of infection due to Staphylococcus aureus]. 164 82


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