Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases illustrate the principal clinical and roentgenographic varieties of granular cell myoblastoma (GCM) of the lung. The vast majority are small benign intrabronchial tumors without roentgenographic findings. These remain asymptomatic and are detected accidentally at autopsy, surgery, or bronchoscopy (Case III). Larger obstructing lesions (Case I) cause focal atelectasis or pneumonitis, leading to cough, expectoration, and hemoptysis. Hilar enlargement from reactive lymph node hyperplasia is common. Clinically and roentgenographically these are indistinguishable from bronchial adenomas. Least often the tumor extends entirely extrabronchially (Case II) presenting as a parahilar parenchymal asymptomatic nodule, simulating a granuloma, hamartoma, arteriovenous malformation or a neoplastic nodule.
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PMID:Granular cell myoblastoma of the lung. 17 51

A boy with linear sebaceous nevus syndrome was followed up to 3 years of age, at which time he died of pneumonia. The lesions of nevus sebaceus were located in the midline and on both sides of the face, and there were partial colobomata of the right outer canthus continuous with pseudopterygium and of the left upper eyelid. At 2 months of age, the patient developed infantile spasms. At 1 year, electroencephalography revealed hypsarrhythmia, and left carotid angiography showed an arteriovenous malformation. At 2 years, the mental retardation and delayed motor development were detected.
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PMID:Linear sebaceous nevus syndrome. 226 82

Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery is an uncommon condition and usually complicated by a cardiac anomaly. Our case is a rare one who showed the absence of the left pulmonary artery with left aortic arch and without cardiac anomaly. He suffered from recurrent hemoptysis and pneumonia since he was 9 months old. Angiography revealed peribronchial arteriovenous malformation of the affected lung which was supplied from subclavicular arteries and bronchial arteries. Although he was treated by operative ligation and angiographic embolotherapy of the supplying systemic arteries, the repeated the attacks of massive hemoptysis and necessiated left pneumonectomy at 10 years of age.
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PMID:Isolated unilateral absence of left pulmonary artery with peribronchial arteriovenous malformation showing recurrent hemoptysis. 360 65

A patient was treated for lobar pneumonia due to coccidioidomycosis. When the pneumonia recurred, the patient was found to have an arteriovenous malformation, which had become infected. Complete resolution was achieved with resection and postoperative amphotericin B therapy.
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PMID:Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation complicating coccidioidal pneumonia. 764 20

The application of lung transplantation to the pediatric population was a natural extension of the success realized in our adult transplantation program, which began in 1982. Twenty pediatric patients (age range 3 to 18 years) have had heart-lung (n = 11), double lung (n = 8), and single lung (n = 1) transplantation procedures. The causes of end-stage lung disease were primary pulmonary hypertension (n = 7), congenital heart disease (n = 5), cystic fibrosis (n = 4), pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (n = 2), graft-versus-host disease (n = 1), and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (n = 1). Four (20%) patients had thoracic surgical procedures before the transplantation operation. The survival was 80% at a mean follow-up of 2 years. Immunosuppressive drugs included cyclosporine (n = 9) or FK 506 (n = 11) based therapy with azathioprine and steroids. Children were followed up by means of spirometry, transbronchial biopsy, and primed lymphocyte testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The mean number of treated episodes of rejection was 1.4 at 30 days, 0.5 at 30 to 90 days, and 1.4 at more than 90 days, and the first treated rejection episode occurred on average 28 days after the operation. Obliterative bronchiolitis developed in four (25%) of 16 patients surviving more than 100 days. Results of pulmonary function tests have remained good in almost all recipients. The greatest infectious risk was that of cytomegalovirus: one death and one case of pneumonia. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease was diagnosed in two (12.5%) patients; both recovered. The most common complications were hypertension (25%) and postoperative bleeding (15%). Early results indicate that lung transplantation is a most promising therapy for children with severe vascular and parenchymal lung disease.
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PMID:Pediatric lung transplantation. The years 1985 to 1992 and the clinical trial of FK 506. 767 72

Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) with moderate symptomatology and smaller multiple magnetic resonance imaging lesions is often caused by multiple sclerosis. Severe ATM with extensive magnetic resonance imaging lesions with or without associated meningitis often has a viral cause, particularly in the younger age groups, whereas vascular disorders may prevail among older patients. Previously, one had to rely on indirect evidence such as viral serology or viral identification in throat washings to confirm a diagnosis of myelitis. Thus, mycoplasma myelitis may occur coincident with a mycoplasma pneumonia. Viral myelitis is now often diagnosed by specific polymerase chain reaction of the cerebrospinal fluid, for echovirus, Coxsackie virus, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus, but an autoimmune component may still be important. An anterior horn syndrome may be produced by the tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus. Severe ATM may also be a postinfectious or postvaccinal disorder [i.e. a partial acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)]. Neuromyelitis optica, a combination of severe myelitis and optic neuritis, is often a manifestation of ADEM or systemic lupus erythematosus. Many of these disorders are potentially treatable with specific antiviral agents or immunosuppression. 'Idiopathic' ATM is probably a consequence of inadequate examination and follow up. The differential diagnoses-viral myelitis, multiple sclerosis, ADEM, neuromyelitis optica, spinal arteriovenous malformation and arteritis-should be considered and are usually identified by a rapid diagnostic work-up, leaving few ATM cases undiagnosed.
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PMID:Myelitis. 1087 Dec 57

A 53-year-old woman presented with a ruptured intramedullary aneurysmal dilatation fed by the anterior spinal artery associated with an arteriovenous malformation located in the ventral cervical spinal cord. She developed tetraparesis and respiratory dysfunction. The neurological deterioration was caused by hematomyelia due to the ruptured aneurysmal dilatation and progression of edema in the upper cervical spinal cord due to venous hypertension associated with additional hematoma in the medulla oblongata. Endovascular embolization of both C-1 and C-2 radicular arteries was performed with Guglielmi detachable coils, but components fed by small branches such as the radiculo-pial artery were not obliterated. Surgery was performed for extirpation of the arteriovenous malformation and cervical intramedullary hematoma, and excision of the aneurysmal dilatation through a transcondylar approach combined with vertebral artery transposition. Postoperatively, she overcame several complications such as pneumonia and endocarditis, and had only moderate weakness of the right upper and lower limbs. This case indicates that surgical intervention for high cervical intramedullary lesion may be very effective.
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PMID:Hematomyelia caused by ruptured intramedullary spinal artery aneurysm associated with extramedullary spinal arteriovenous fistula--case report. 1752 52

Patients undergoing neurosurgery are predisposed to a variety of complications related to mechanical ventilation (MV). There is an increased incidence of extubation failure, pneumonia, and prolonged MV among such patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of extubation failure and prolonged MV on the following variables: postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), mortality, reoperation, tracheostomy, and duration of postoperative hospitalization following elective intra-cranial surgery. The study involved a prospective observational cohort of 317 patients submitted to elective intracranial surgery for tumors, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformation. Preoperative assessment was performed and patients were followed up for the determination of extubation failure and prolonged MV (>48 h) until discharge from the hospital or death. The occurrence of PPC, incidence of death, the need for reoperation and tracheostomy, and the length of hospitalization were assessed during the postoperative period. Twenty-six patients (8.2%) experienced extubation failure and 30 (9.5%) needed prolonged MV after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that extubation failure was significant for the occurrence of death (OR = 8.05 [1.88; 34.36]), PPC (OR = 11.18 [2.27; 55.02]) and tracheostomy (OR = 7.8 [1.12; 55.07]). Prolonged MV was significant only for the occurrence of PPC (OR = 4.87 [1.3; 18.18]). Elective intracranial surgery patients who experienced extubation failure or required prolonged MV had a higher incidence of PPC, reoperation and tracheostomy and required a longer period of time in the ICU. Level of consciousness and extubation failure were associated with death and PPC. Patients who required prolonged MV had a higher incidence of extubation failure.
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PMID:Implications of extubation failure and prolonged mechanical ventilation in the postoperative period following elective intracranial surgery. 2203 Aug 68

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and synovial sarcomas are both rare lesions in the mediastinum. Rarer still is a collision tumor in that region. Herein we present a case of a collision tumor comprised of AVM and synovial sarcoma in a 76-year-old man, presenting with pneumonia. Imaging showed a vascular lesion that spontaneously ruptured, causing enlargement of the mass and hemothorax. The resected specimen revealed the malignant second component. This report is a discussion of the never-before reported lesion.
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PMID:Synovial Sarcoma-AV Malformation Collision in the Anterior Mediastinum. 2624 6