Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proliferative activity of lymphocytes in a culture was assessed by flow cytometry and lymphocyte blast transformation test (LBTT) with the proliferative pool of cells (S+G2+M) from 150 patients with acute pneumonia, 30 of these with the mild form, 97 with medium-severe, and 27 with grave form; in 43 patients the disease duration was over 30 days (protracted pneumonia). In addition, levels of R.protein, homoreactant, immunoglobulins, complement components, T, B, and active T lymphocytes, phagocytosis, and granulocyte oxidative metabolism were assessed. LBTT values were in inverse relationship with the disease severity. Correlations between the studied immunity parameters were analyzed. The findings indicate that LBTT is an informative method for assessing the immune reactivity and may serve for predicting the disease course and for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Proliferative activity of lymphocytes in a culture with phytohemagglutinin and immunity parameters in acute pneumonia]. 922 Oct 76

The study was designed to determine whether administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) following fludarabine would reduce the incidences of myelosuppression and infections. Twenty-five previously treated patients with Rai stage III-IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) received fludarabine 30 mg/m2 daily for 5 days each month. G-CSF was given at 5 microg/kg subcutaneously starting 1 day after chemotherapy (day 6) and continued until the next course unless the granulocyte count was > or =10000/microl. The incidences of myelosuppression and infection were compared with those seen in an historical control population of 145 previously treated patients with Rai stage III-IV CLL who were given the same schedule of fludarabine without growth factor. There was a significant decrease in myelosuppression; patients receiving G-CSF developed neutropenia at a neutrophil count <1000/microl or 500/microl in 45% and 15% of courses vs 79% (P=0.002) and 63% (P < 0.001) of historical controls. Twenty percent of G-CSF-treated patients had therapy delayed by >35 days per course, vs 50% of historical controls (P=0.005). The incidence of pneumonia was 8% with G-CSF and 37% without in historical controls. Other infection rates (sepsis, fever of undetermined origin, minor infections) were similar. This decrease in pneumonia was noted even in high-risk groups such as patients older than 60 years and patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. The use of G-CSF following fludarabine in high-risk patients with CLL resulted in a significant decrease in myelosuppression and pneumonia. Larger trials to verify these results and to compare costs are indicated.
 ...
PMID:Fludarabine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 932 81

Ticlopidine is an antiplatelet agent that has been proven efficacious in preventing vascular events in patients with a history of vasculopathy. Neutropenia is a significant adverse effect and pancytopenia is rarely reported. A fatal case of pancytopenia associated with unmonitored use of ticlopidine is presented. A 59-year-old woman presented with severe pneumonia and profound neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count 0%). She deteriorated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and a marked reduction in trilineage hematopoiesis. Despite prompt marrow response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and cessation of ticlopidine, appropriate antibiotics and other supportive therapy, she died 17 days after admission. Hematological monitoring is imperative to identify potential complications: if discovered late, there may be a role for GM-CSF for marrow support. Ticlopidine is indicated for patients intolerant of or nonresponsive to acetylsalicylic acid therapy. As the use of ticlopidine increases, clinicians must be aware of potential life-threatening complications associated with its use and monitor appropriately.
 ...
PMID:Ticlopidine-associated pancytopenia: implications of an acetylsalicylic acid alternative. 937 46

Invasive fungal infections occur frequently in neutropenic patients although only in recent years has the role of emerging fungi been clearly established. We describe two cases of fungemia caused by Trichosporon beigelii and Rhodotorula glutinis respectively in two neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies who were treated with amphotericin B. The first patient, with refractory multiple myeloma, died following massive pneumonia despite therapy with amphotericin B and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF); the second patient, with relapsed acute lymphatic leukemia and persistent fever without any other clinical evidence, finally recovered. Amphotericin B continues to be considered the "gold standard" in the treatment of invasive mycoses although other approaches need to be tested for refractory infections.
 ...
PMID:Amphotericin B treatment of fungemia due to unusual pathogens in neutropenic patients: report of two cases. 949 43

The efficacy of the host defense system is a determining factor for the outcome of antimicrobial events in infected patients. The neutrophil granulocyte plays a key role in the lung's defense against bacterial invasion and in the absence of a sufficient attraction of functionally intact neutrophils in the lung, following bacterial challenge, severe pulmonary infection may result. The involvement of phagocytes in pneumonia is well known: infiltration of lung parenchyma by neutrophils occurs within a short time in response to infection and is followed by an influx of monocytes. We investigated the effects of antimicrobial therapy in pneumonia on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) phagocytosis.
 ...
PMID:The role of chemotherapy in polymorphonuclear phagocytosis in pneumonia. 966 49

Cefozopran (CZOP) was used as an initial antibacterial therapy for infections in patients with hematological malignancies. CZOP was given at a daily dose of 4 g by drip intravenously to patients who were febrile over 38 degrees C and were suspected as having bacterial infections. As underlying diseases, 8 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 9 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 2 aplastic anemia (AA), 2 adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 28 non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 2 multiple myeloma (MM). Bacterial infections diagnosed were sepsis in 7 patients, suspected sepsis in 32, bronchitis in 6, pneumonia in 5 and acute peritonitis in 1. Clinical responses among 51 evaluable cases were excellent in 14, good in 15, fair in 3, poor in 19 and the overall response rate was 57%. The overall response rates for AML, ALL, AA, ATLL, NHL and MM were 56%, 63%, 100%, 50%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Those for sepsis, suspected sepsis, bronchitis, pneumonia and acute peritonitis were 14%, 63%, 100%, 40%, and 0%, respectively. This therapy was effective in 53% (9/17) of patients whose granulocyte count remained below 500/microliter throughout the course of CZOP therapy. Six bacterial and one fungal strains were isolated from blood and sputum of six patients including five sepsis cases; two bacteria were eradicated and bacterial change was observed in one case. As side adverse effects, 10 patients had liver dysfunction, 1 anemia, 2 proteinemia, 1 indirect bilirubinemia, 2 thrombocytopenia, and 1 eosinophilia. We tried to establish a scoring system for the severities of patients with their infections, underlying diseases, treatments for the underlying disease, and granulocyte counts in order to evaluate the efficacy of CZOP more precisely. This scoring system was consisted of three grades; severe, moderate, and mild. CZOP was effective on mild and moderate grades. These results indicate that the initial antibacterial therapy by CZOP is useful for the treatment of mild and moderate grade infections complicated with hematological malignancies.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefozopran for infections associated with hematological malignancies]. 983 22

Thirty three patients with severe infections associated with hematological disorders were treated with panipenem/betamipron as a second line chemotherapy. Of these, 30 patients were evaluated for effectiveness. An excellent response was obtained in 14 patients (46.7%) and a good response in 5 (16.7%), and the overall efficacy rate was 63.3%. Efficacy rates were 3/6 in patients with sepsis, 68.4% (13/19) in patients with fever of undetermined origin, 2/4 in patients with pneumonia. In patients whose peripheral granulocyte count was below 100/microliter at the start of chemotherapy, the efficacy rate was 3/7. Side effects were observed in 5 of 33 patients (15.2%). These results show that PAPM/BP is useful as a second line chemotherapy for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of panipenem/betamipron as a second line chemotherapy in severe infections associated with hematological disorders]. 983 23

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and leukotrienes are potent neutrophil chemoattractants that are released in several lung diseases. There is limited information about the release of TGF-beta in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with pneumonia. Furthermore, it is not clear if TGF-beta is differentially expressed in different lung diseases. The aim of our study was to compare the concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 in the BALF of patients with pneumonia and other lung diseases. Furthermore, correlation of the TGF-beta levels with the concentration of chemoattractant mediators as well as with indicators of macrophage and granulocyte activation should be investigated. Patients with pneumonia, interstitial lung disease (ILD), or chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) were included. Patients with ischemic heart disease without pulmonary involvement served as controls. The concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, of the chemoattractant cytokine IL-8, of leukotriene B4, and of the leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 were measured. Neutrophil elastase and granulocyte content (PMN) were used as markers for granulocyte activation, and neopterin was used as a marker for the activation of macrophages. Significantly elevated levels of TGF-beta1 (mean = 0.216 ng/ml, p < 0.01) were found in patients with microbiologically positive pneumonia but not in patients with ILD or COPD. A significant (p < 0.001) correlation was found between the TGF-beta1 concentrations and the IL-8 levels and the percentage of granulocytes (r = 0.76, and r = 0.44, respectively). Elevated TGF-beta2 concentrations were measured in the BALF of patients with pneumonia (mean = 1.4 ng/ml, p < 0.01) and with ILD. Pneumonia was also associated with increased concentrations of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (mean = 91.61 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and leukotriene B4 (mean = 203.9 pg/ml, p < 0.01), significantly elevated levels of PMN elastase (mean = 2958.26 ng/ml, p < 0.01), and neopterin (mean = 0.42 nmol/L). Our results strongly suggest that different lung diseases do differ with regard to the released cytokines. TGF-beta1 probably plays a key role in regulation of pulmonary inflammation, particularly in pneumonia.
 ...
PMID:Increased release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, and chemoattractant mediators in pneumonia. 1021 66

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for mortality in neutropenic patients with cancer and bacteremia. A consecutive sample of 438 neutropenic patients (granulocyte count <0.5 x 10(9)/l) with cancer and bacteremia was studied to identify the clinical characteristics associated with mortality at the onset of bacteremia. The mean age of the subjects was 48 years (range, 15-87 years). Most cases of bacteremia (77%) were hospital-acquired and occurred in patients with acute leukemia (48%). Gram-positive organisms caused 233 (53%) episodes of bacteremia, gram-negative organisms caused 151 (34%) episodes, and 48 (11%) episodes were polymicrobial. The overall mortality within 30 days of the onset of bacteremia was 24.4%. The variables found to be independently associated with increased mortality using logistic regression techniques were as follows: shock at the onset of bacteremia (OR, 10; 95% CI, 4.2-23.8), pneumonia (OR,4.4; 95% CI, 1.9-10), uncontrolled cancer (OR,4.3; 95% CI, 1.5-12.7), and absence of prophylaxis with norfloxacin (OR,2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5). The prognostic factors ascertained in this study may help to identify those patients at higher risk of death. Medical intervention addressing some of these factors may improve the outcome of bacteremia in neutropenic patients with cancer.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors influencing mortality in cancer patients with neutropenia and bacteremia. 1051 90

A 14-year-old boy with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease developed severe invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. He was treated with itraconazole and amphotericin B. However, he deteriorated with progressive pulmonary lesions. Burkholderia cepacia was isolated from his bronchoalveolar lavage. Finally, he was given granulocyte transfusions. Following this procedure, his condition rapidly worsened leading to respiratory failure. His lung biopsy demonstrated organizing pneumonia at his right middle lobe. Then, a methylprednisolone pulse therapy was initiated together with the administration of appropriate antibiotics and adequate amounts of amphotericin B. Dramatically, his condition improved. Therefore, a methylprednisolone pulse therapy with appropriate antimicrobial drugs seems to be beneficial for severe pulmonary insufficiency in this type of patients.
 ...
PMID:Successful treatment with methylprednisolone pulse therapy for a life-threatening pulmonary insufficiency in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease following pulmonary invasive aspergillosis and Burkholderia cepacia infection. 1057 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>