Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytological and immunocytological profile of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was studied in 10 patients with idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) and compared with the data in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n = 22), chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) (n = 9), and extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) (n = 24). Lymphocyte subsets were enumerated using an immunoperoxidase slide assay. The BAL pattern in BOOP patients was characterized by several features: 1) colorful cell differentials with an increase in all cell types, most markedly in lymphocytes, and more moderately in neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells, as well as the presence of foamy macrophages and, occasionally, of plasma cells; 2) decreased CD4/CD8 ratio; 3) normal percentage of CD57+ cells; and 4) increase in activated T-cells in terms of human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression, and occasionally also interleukin-2 receptor (CD25) expression. The findings were most similar to those in EAA except for the CD25 expression, which was always normal, and the CD57+ cells, which were increased in EAA. The increase in lymphocytes discriminated best between BOOP and IPF. The eosinophils were significantly higher in CEP than in BOOP with little overlap. In conclusion, BAL may be of value to distinguish between BOOP and other interstitial lung disease.
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PMID:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP): the cytological and immunocytological profile of bronchoalveolar lavage. 149 2

The pulmonary complications in 110 consecutive renal transplant recipients on cyclosporin and low-dose steroid immunosuppression were studied retrospectively. The pulmonary complications were: acute pulmonary oedema in 19 patients, pneumonia in 18, tuberculosis in 9, acute pulmonary embolism in 5, and lung abscess in 1. Sixty-nine patients (62.7%) had no pulmonary complications; 69% of the complications occurred in the first 4 months after the transplant. Pulmonary tuberculosis became evident later. The mean age, period of follow-up, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) B/DR mismatches, mean serum urea and serum creatinine concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and cyclosporin dosage did not differ between the groups with no complications, infectious complications and non-infectious complications. The number of rejection episodes treated with bolus steroids was significantly higher in the infectious and non-infectious complications groups compared with the group with no complications. The incidence of pulmonary complications after renal transplantation, especially pneumonia and tuberculosis, was still high despite the use of low-dose steroids and cyclosporin. Pulmonary complications were the commonest cause of death in the first 3 years after the transplant. A high index of suspicion for pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary embolism in these patients is necessary.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications in 110 consecutive renal transplant recipients. 777 66

In vitro studies have shown that the density of surface antigens reflects the degree of activation of T-cells. We therefore studied the density of surface antigens on T-cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood in patients with sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP). BALF cells were stained with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8 and anti-human leucocyte antigen-DR(HLA-DR) monoclonal antibodies, and were analysed by cytoflowmetry. The density was evaluated by measuring the Mean Channel fluorescence intensity of the stained cells. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the CD3 density in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (108.2 +/- 20.2 MC), compared with those with pulmonary sarcoidosis (51.2 +/- 12.6), BOOP (74.5 +/- 29.3), and healthy controls (57.1 +/- 11.5). Similar results were obtained for the CD4 and CD8 density in patients with HP. Although the number of HLA-DR positive cells was increased, the density was lower in patients with sarcoidosis (57.4 +/- 11.6) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (57.4 +/- 14.8), than in healthy controls (72.2 +/- 15.1). Comparable changes were not observed in the peripheral blood. These results suggest that T-cell activation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis may be associated with an increase in the CD3, CD4, and CD8 density on BALF T-cells.
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PMID:Density of phenotypic markers on BAL T-lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary sarcoidosis and bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia. 849 Dec 96

This study describes bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), histological and immunohistochemical features in a series of 10 patients with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP). The histological diagnosis was performed by transbronchial biopsy in seven cases and by open lung biopsy in three cases. All patients showed a marked increase in lymphocytes and a mild increase in neutrophils and eosinophils in BAL fluid. The number of T-lymphocytes expressing human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) surface antigen was increased (p < 0.002). The majority of lymphocytes expressed the CD8 phenotype, so that the CD4/CD8 ratio was markedly decreased. Masson bodies were present in the lung specimens of all patients. Most of the epithelial cells surrounding the Masson bodies were immunoreactive with an anti-granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) monoclonal antibody. The great majority of mononuclear cells in the lung specimens showed immunoreactivity with anti-CD3, anti-CD8 and anti-CD45R0 monoclonal antibodies. In the Masson bodies, spindle cells were immunoreactive with anti-alpha smooth muscle (alpha-sm) actin monoclonal antibody. Glucocorticoid treatment (the therapy of choice in COP) downregulated GM-CSF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in lung epithelial cell lines. These findings indicate that the combination of bronchoalveolar lavage cell profile with histological evidence is a valuable means of corroborating a clinical diagnosis of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, and that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor may be one of the cytokines involved in the pathogenesis.
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage, histological and immunohistochemical features in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. 890 12

In an asymptomatic 4 yr old child with radiographic evidence of parenchymal lung disease, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) yielded the diagnosis of chronic lipid pneumonia caused by chronic aspiration of mineral oil given as a laxative. BAL analysis showed a marked reduction in the total number of alveolar macrophages; almost 70% of these cells contained intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles. It also disclosed lymphocytic (cytotoxic/suppressor) alveolitis. A high percentage of lymphocytes expressed antigen markers of activation (human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR), CD54 and CD25). BAL analysis 18 months after mineral oil intake revealed that lymphocytes bearing antigen markers of activation had markedly decreased whereas alveolar macrophages (normal and lipid-laden) had increased. A subsequent whole lung BAL was considered unnecessarily invasive in this otherwise healthy child.
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PMID:Bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis in a child with chronic lipid pneumonia. 954 99