Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study describes the pharmacokinetic characteristics and clinical usefulness of cefpirome (CPR) in children. Mean half-lives of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of CPR injected intravenously in one shot were 1.18 and 1.34 hours, respectively, and their mean recovery rates into urine were 69.8 and 72.2%, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of CPR against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae were the same as or lower than those of ceftazidime. CPR was clinically effective in 14/15 of patients with bacterial infections; 8/9 of pneumonia, 2/2 of bronchitis, 1/1 of pharyngitis, 1/1 of tonsillitis, 1/1 of osteomyelitis, 1/1 of urinary tract infection. No clinically overt side effects of CPR were found, while an increase of eosinophils in blood was observed in 2 cases, and an increase of platelet in blood in 1 case and an elevation of serum GPT activity in 1 case were also observed. These findings indicate that CPR is useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetical and clinical study of cefpirome in children]. 204 Nov 62

The clinical efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, were investigated in children with various infectious diseases. CPR showed high blood peak levels, relatively long half-life and high levels in urine. Excellent clinical efficacy was obtained in 2/3 cases with pneumonia, 3/4 cases with upper respiratory infection, 2/2 cases with cutaneous and soft tissue infection and 1/1 case with urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 80%. No clinical adverse effects were observed while slightly elevated GPT and GOT, decreased platelet were detected in 4 cases without clinical problems. CPR should be an useful and safe drug in treating infectious diseases in children.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of cefpirome against various infectious diseases in children]. 204 Nov 63

A 55-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, nonproductive cough and dyspnea. Initially she had been treated with cephem antibiotics by a local doctor. However, acute respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia developed. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood was 55.5 Torr. Her chest X-ray revealed wide-spread infiltrates with air bronchograms throughout the entire left lung, and pleural effusions were also present in the chest CT scan. Because the patient had a history of the contact with birds, we suspected psittacosis and administered Minocycline immediately. As a result, her clinical condition improved and the abnormal shadow on the chest X-ray film improved markedly in three days. Because the serum titer of a complement fixation test against Chlamydia rose to 1:512, we made the diagnosis of psittacosis. In addition, femoral muscle pain, and a high level of serum GOT, GPT, CK, Aldolase and Myoglobin indicated hepatitis and myositis. In the lung tissue specimens obtained by TBLB performed on the 10th hospital day, slight interstitial pneumonia and intracellular inclusion bodies were found by light microscopy and Chlamydial agents were found electron microscopically.
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PMID:[A case of fulminant psittacosis showing Chlamydia in TBLB specimens]. 204 Dec 51

To evaluate the epidemiology and incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) a retrospective study of 573 cases which had been diagnosed during a 3 1/2 year period was carried out. There was a male predominance (2.09/1) with mean age of 53.33 years. The diagnostic delay (days) was 1.5. The mean hospital stay was 13.39 days. The most common underlying disease was COLD (27%). 34% of patients had received previous therapy. The most common clinical features were cough, fever, and mucous sputum. The most common radiological pattern was alveolar (81%). There was increased ESR and moderately high GOT and GPT. The microbiological diagnosis was achieved in 35.4%, with positive sputum culture (mostly pneumococcus) in 26.8% an positive blood culture in 5.9%. Ten patients died (1.7%). The following factors predicted a poor prognosis: age 75 years, underlying disease, bilateral radiological involvement and leukocytosis with neutrophilia.
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PMID:[Community-acquired pneumonia: 573 cases]. 210 56

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), a new ester type cephem antibiotic, was administered at a daily dose of 600 mg to 81 patients with respiratory infections. They included 4 cases of laryngopharyngitis, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 26 cases of acute bronchitis, 13 cases of pneumonia, 10 cases of chronic bronchitis, 1 case of diffuse panbronchiolitis, 14 cases of infected bronchiectasis and 8 cases of infected other chronic respiratory diseases. Clinical effects were excellent in 18 cases, good in 50 cases, fair in 7 cases, and poor in 6 cases, thus, the efficacy rate was 84.0%. Nausea was observed in 2 cases, and diarrhea, vertigo, or fever was observed in 1 case each. The elevation of GOT and GPT values were found in 4 cases and a slight elevation of total bilirubin value was found in 1 case. These adverse reactions, however, were slight in their grades. CFTM-PI appears to be a useful oral cephem antibiotic in the treatment of respiratory infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil in the treatment of respiratory infections]. 219 16

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections]. 219 54

The usefulness of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) was evaluated in 99 cases with respiratory tract infections: 32 cases with acute bronchitis, 51 cases with infectious exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases and 16 cases with pneumonia. 1. The clinical efficacies included marked improvement in 27 cases, improvement in 51 cases, moderate improvement in 9 cases, no change in 10 cases and deterioration in 2 cases. The improvement rate was 78.8%. 2. Overall effects were excellent in 12 cases, good in 9 cases and fair in 5 cases. There was no case in which efficacy was not observed and the efficacy rate was 80.8%. 3. Bacteriological effects were classified according to the causative organisms. Eradication rate was 80.8% (21 of 26 strains), indicating an excellent antibacterial action of CFTM-PI. In particular, MICs of cefteram were below 0.05 microgram/ml against all 10 strains of Haemophilus influenzae regardless of beta-lactamase production even with an inoculum of 10(8) or 10(6) cells/ml. 4. Side effects rarely occurred and included a slight gastrointestinal irritation in 4 of 99 cases (4%). Two cases which had abnormal elevations of GOT and GPT had abnormal values prior to administration of CFTM-PI. The elevations were slight and it was possible to continue administration. The GOT and GPT values were improved after the end of administration. The above results indicate the usefulness of CFTM-PI in acute respiratory infections and infectious exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefteram pivoxil in respiratory tract infections]. 219 56

Pharmacokinetics and clinical study of aztreonam (AZT) in neonates and premature infants were conducted with the following results: 1. Pharmacokinetics (1) Serum concentrations of AZT at 30 minutes after one-shot intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg to neonates including premature infants were 20.6-26.6 micrograms/ml and 38.5-46.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, and decreased thereafter. A dose response was observed in the serum concentrations with administration of AZT 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. (2) Serum half-lives (T1/2) tended to be shorter in both mature and premature infants as their day-ages increased and T1/2 tended to be prolonged in premature infants compared with mature infants. (3) Changes in serum concentration upon one-hour intravenous drip infusion of AZT 20 mg/kg were very similar to those upon one-shot intravenous injection. (4) Urinary excretions in the first 6 hours after one-shot intravenous injection of AZT 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg tended to increase in mature infants as they grew and showed excretion rate of 26.2-54.3% but those in premature infants did not show any specific tendency with rate of 17.5-45.1%. Urinary excretions upon intravenous drip-infusion showed a tendency very similar to those upon intravenous injection. 2. Clinical studies (1) Clinically evaluable cases of AZT treatment were 88 cases (91 diseases), in which pathogenic organisms were identified in 56 cases (Group A), i.e., sepsis 9, purulent meningitis 2, pneumonia 8, urinary tract infection (UTI) 33 and others. Total efficacy rate was 98.2% including "excellent" (39), "good" (16) and "fair" (1). Number of cases in which pathogenic organisms were unknown (Group B) was 11, i.e., suspected sepsis (4), pneumonia (3) and intrauterine infection (4) and the efficacy rate was 100% with "excellent" (4) and "good" (7). Thus, both group A and B showed excellent results. AZT was also given to 24 cases for prophylaxis and all the cases showed prophylactic effect of AZT.4+ Bacteriologically AZT was deemed effective in 53 cases out of 56 (Group A) with identified pathogens "eradicated" and "unchanged" (2), thus the bacterial eradication rate was 96.2%. (3) A minor degree of loose feces was observed in 1 (1.3%) of 80 cases as a side effect. Abnormal laboratory test values found were eosinophilia (3 cases), elevation of GOT and GPT (2), platelet-increase (1), elevation of GOT (1), and thrombocytopenia.elevation of GOT.GPT.LDH (1). Every one of these was of a minor degree and transient. From the above pharmacokinetics and clinical results, standard dosage of AZT to neonates and premature infants should be in a unit dose of 20 mg/kg, twice daily to those with ages between 0 and 3 days, and 2 to 3 times daily to those with ages 4 days and above, by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on aztreonam in neonates and premature infants (the first report). Study on effectiveness and safety in mono-therapy with aztreonam. A study of aztreonam in the Perinatal Co-research Group]. 219 68

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was administered to 51 patients (37 males, 14 females) with respiratory infections including severe cases, accompanied by various underlying respiratory diseases. The clinical efficacy and side effects of CAZ were investigated. The mean age and body weight of these 51 cases were 62.6 years and 48.0 kg, respectively. CAZ was administered by intravenous drip infusion (daily dose of 2-4 g) for a mean of 14.7 days to a mean total dose of 56.7 g. Clinical efficacy rates were 64% (18 of 28 cases), 80% (16 of 20 cases) and 67% (2 of 3 cases) for airway and intermediary regional infections, pneumonia (including lung abscess) and pyothorax, respectively. In the bacteriological study, efficacy rates and bacterial eradication rates were 69% and 67%, 33% and 20%, 100% and 100%, and 100% and 100% for infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (6 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6 cases) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 cases), respectively, and bacterial eradication was achieved in both of 2 cases of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and 2 cases of Haemophilus influenzae, and 1 case each of Peptococcus sp., Fusobacterium necrophorum and Serratia marcescens. Side effects observed were eruption in 1 case (2%) and elevated GOT, GPT and Al-P values in 1 case (2%), but these cases tended to recover after CAZ treatment was discontinued.
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PMID:[A clinical study on ceftazidime in the treatment of intractable respiratory infections]. 223 47

We have carried our laboratory and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221). The results were summarized as follows. CDZM was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 2 children at a single dose of 10 mg/kg and to 2 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg and to 3 children at a single dose of 40 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, mean serum levels of CDZM obtained for the 3 dose levels were 76.16 +/- 5.52 micrograms/ml, 170.49 +/- 16.70 micrograms/ml, 270.01 +/- 50.44 micrograms/ml at the end of injection, respectively, and serum half-lives were 2.03 +/- 0.78 hours, 2.03 +/- 0.38 hours, 2.28 +/- 0.30 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate of CDZM were 83.3 +/- 22.3%, 73.1 +/- 13.9%, 51.1 +/- 8.5% in the first 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with CDZM was made in 28 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 5 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 10 cases of pneumonia, 6 cases of enteritis, 3 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of maxillary sinusitis and laryngitis. Results obtained were excellent in 13 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 2 cases, poor in 6 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed except one case of thrombocytosis and 2 cases each of elevated GOT and elevated GOT and GPT.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatric field]. 226 65


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