Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities of CPR against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were superior to those of ceftazidime. 2. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CPR at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 2 cases each were determined. Mean peak plasma concentrations of CPR at these dose levels were 33.9, 62.9 and 96.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes with plasma half-lives of 1.58, 1.69, and 2.13 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates in the first 8 hours after administration were 51.2, 78.0 and 74.9%, respectively. 3. Ten patients with bacterial infections (pneumonia 5 cases, urinary tract infection 5 cases) were treated with CPR at a daily dose of 16-79 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy and bacteriological eradication rates were both 100%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except in 1 case of mild pain in blood vessels. Abnormal laboratory test results were also mild, slight elevation of GOT, GPT and thrombocytosis in 1 case and eosinophilia in 1 case.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in the field of pediatrics]. 188 Sep 22

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 11 patients were as follows: excellent; 8 patients, good; 2 patients, poor; 1 patient, hence the efficacy rate was 90.9%. 2. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed except slight elevation of GOT and GPT in a patient and leukopenia in another. 3. MICs of CPR against 18 beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.56 micrograms/ml, MICs against 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml, those against 3 out of 5 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml and those against the remaining 2 strains were 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 2 out of 3 strains Acinetobacter lwoffi were 1.56 micrograms/ml, and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were 1.56 micrograms/ml. MICs against a strain of Pseudomonas putida and a strain of Citrobacter diversus were 0.78 and less than 0.025 microgram/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. 188 Sep 23

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810). The results are summarized as follows. CPR was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 3 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of CPR was 65.7 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, and the mean half-life was 1.49 +/- 0.046 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate of CPR was 57.0 +/- 25.8% in the first 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 20 mg/kg. Treatment with CPR was made in 9 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 1 case each of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infection. Results obtained were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases. No significant side effects due to the drug were observed except one case of elevated GOT and GPT, and 3 cases of eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 188 Sep 24

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was given intravenously to 10 children with acute bacterial infections including 8 with acute pneumonia, 1 each with acute pleuritis and urinary tract infections. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 10 patients and bacterial eradication were obtained for all 8 strains found in these cases. Slight elevation of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that CPR is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 26

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a newly developed cephem antibiotic, were performed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Absorption and elimination of the drug were examined in a total of 7 children including 3 cases of administered with 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection (i.v.), 2 cases with 20 mg/kg drip infusion (d.i.v.) for 60 minutes and 2 cases with 40 mg/kg (d.i.v.) for 60 minutes. Maximum serum levels were attained immediately after i.v. or d.i.v. Cmax's were 233 +/- 7.6, 88.5 +/- 14.5, and 116 +/- 15 micrograms/ml, respectively for the above 3 modes of administration. These values were determined using a bioassay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. T 1/2 (beta)'s were 1.18 +/- 0.17, 1.61 +/- 0.28 and 2.68 +/- 0.83 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates were 40.2-69.8% in a period of 0-6 hours after admissions. 2. Clinical efficacies were evaluated in a total of 20 patients with ages ranging from 9 months to 11 years. The treated cases were 6 cases of acute pneumonia, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 4 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of acute urinary tract infections, 2 cases of cellulitis, 1 case of purulent lympadenitis and 1 case of acute otitis media. The clinical efficacy rate was 94.7%. Adverse reactions occurred in no patients. Abnormal changes in laboratory test values involved only 1 case with elevated GOT and GPT. CPR was considered to be a safe and useful drug in treating various infectious diseases in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 34

Twelve cases of drug-induced pneumonitis were clinically investigated. Treatment of antimicrobial agents in 8 cases of drug-induced pneumonitis ranged from 7-21 days (mean 12 days) and that of other drugs in 4 cases from 18-150 days (mean 70 days). The patients developed fever and dyspnea at a high rate of frequency. Abnormal laboratory findings included increased IgE (44%), eosinophilia (36%), and increased GOT and GPT in 33%. Chest X-ray films revealed a large reticulo-nodular or ground glass shadows in both lung fields. The results of lymphocyte stimulation tests were positive in 5 of 11 cases (45%). Eight cases demonstrated a rapid improvement by discontinuation of the drug and corticosteroid was administered in 4 cases. The drug received by the patient and their known risk of pulmonary toxicity should be kept in mind in order to reach a diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis and grasp the clinical picture of this disease. A provocation test is potentially dangerous, therefore it should not be carried out lightly.
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PMID:[A clinical study of twelve cases of drug-induced pneumonitis]. 191 Jan 21

Liver dysfunction in patients with measles infection is reported commonly in European and American literatures, but those in Japan are relatively rare. We observed the abnormal elevation of serum transaminase in 17 of 18 juvenile patients with measles from December 1989 to February 1990, however severe complications such as pneumonia or meningitis were not observed. A diagnosis of measles was made by typical clinical symptoms and the elevation of IgM antibody against measles (EIA method). Ninety four percent of the patients showed the elevation of serum transaminase, (GOT 118.6 +/- 96.2 IU/l, GPT 161.5 +/- 167.6 IU/l), and all patients recovered completely in 30.5 +/- 12.8 days after the onset. The abnormal evaluation of serum LDH was seen in 94% of the patients, (mean value was 872.2 +/- 216.2 IU/l). LDH4 mainly elevated in most cases, however, LDH5 elevated only in 4 cases. The intensity of liver dysfunction did not correlate to the severity of measles in the present cases. It is considered to be characteristic to the patients with measles that the serum level of LDH is markedly high as compared with that of transaminase.
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PMID:[A clinical study on liver dysfunction in patients with acute measles infection]. 191 4

The effectiveness of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) on severe infections associated with hematological diseases was evaluated in a nation-wide multicenter clinical study. SBT/CPZ (4-6 g/day), a 1:1 combination of SBT and CPZ, was given intravenously to 437 patients with hematological disorders. The underlying diseases included acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome and others. Thus, 94.3% of the patients had hematological malignancies. The complicating infections included sepsis in 41 cases; sepsis suspected in 205; pneumonia in 47; urinary tract infection in 15; fever of unknown origin in 59; and others in 70. Clinical efficacies of SBT/CPZ were as follows; markedly effective, 83 cases; effective, 170; fairly effective, 59; and ineffective, 110. The efficacy rate (markedly effective plus effective) was 60.0% as a whole. The efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ in sepsis and suspected cases, which accounted for 56.3% of the infections, was 59%. Mild side effects such as skin rash were observed in 15 patients (3.1%). As for abnormal laboratory test results, transient increases in GOT, GPT, A1-P, LDH, etc. were observed in 42 patients (8.6%). Therefore, SBT/CPZ is considered to be a useful drug in empiric therapy for severe infections associated with hematological diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone for severe infections associated with hematological disorders]. 196 Aug 59

Clinical efficacy and safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections, mainly pneumonia and bronchitis, have been evaluated in a multicenter trial by 19 institutions in the Kyushu area during a period of 12 months from December 1988 to November 1989. 1. Clinical evaluation was made in 132 patients and efficacy rates of SBTPC were 80.0% (28/35) for pneumonia, 78.5% (73/93) for bronchitis and 100% for the remaining 1 patient with other respiratory tract infections. The overall efficacy rate was 79.1% (102/129). 2. Clinical efficacy rate of SBTPC for respiratory tract infections in patients with underlying diseases such as chronic bronchitis, old pulmonary tuberculosis etc., was 75.0% (60/80) which was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 85.7% (42/49) in patients without underlying diseases. 3. Of 13 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 8 (61.5%) were effectively treated with SBTPC. 4. Clinical efficacy rates against infections caused by single species of organisms were 90.9% (10/11) for Haemophilus influenzae, 100% (8/8) for Streptococcus viridans and 100% (3/3) for Staphylococcus aureus. The overall clinical efficacy rate in all cases of monomicrobial infections was 88.6% (31/35), in polymicrobial infection 45.5% (5/11) and the overall efficacy rate in cases in which causative bacteria were identified was 78.3% (35/46). 5. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.8% (9/132) of the patients. The symptoms included allergic reaction in 1 patient, gastrointestinal system disorders in 7 patients and general fatigability in 1 patient. As abnormalities in laboratory test values, elevations of A1-P, GOT, and GPT were observed in 3 patients during the study, but returned to normal after discontinuation of SBTPC administration. 6. SBTPC is a useful antibiotic in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections under the current medical environment where resistant organisms which produce beta-lactamases have been increasing.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin in lower respiratory tract infections]. 204 Nov 56


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