Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective nationwide surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among adults (greater than or equal to 16 years old) was conducted in Finland during 1985 through 1988. Thirty-one cases were identified (annual incidence, 0.22/100,000). Of these infections, 71% occurred in patients with severe underlying conditions. The overall case fatality rate was 26%. Septicemia (13 patients) and pneumonia (seven patients) were the most common clinical manifestations of H influenzae type b infection; the others were epiglottitis (six patients), meningitis (three patients), and arthritis (two patients). Epiglottitis occurred in significantly younger patients, all of whom were women and four of whom were previously healthy. Subtyping of the H influenzae type b isolates according to the major outer membrane protein subtype, biotype, and lipopolysaccharide serotype showed that patterns that were uncommon (14%) among children were more common (27%) in the adults.
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PMID:Spectrum of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in adults. 224 74

A 78-kilodalton (kDa) outer membrane protein (OMP) of Haemophilus somnus was one of the two antigens most consistently and most intensely immunoreactive in Western immunoblots of whole cells of H. somnus reacted with convalescent-phase serum obtained from cattle with experimental H. somnus pneumonia. This antigen was isolated by gel filtration chromatography of sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized OMP. Reactions of Western blots with bovine monospecific antiserum prepared against the 78-kDa antigen indicated that this 78-kDa OMP was present in each of 22 isolates of H. somnus obtained from cattle with pneumonia, thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, and abortion as well as from vaginal or preputial carriers. The 78-kDa OMP was also present in each isolate obtained weekly throughout the course of experimental H. somnus pneumonia in a calf. Monospecific antiserum to the 78-kDa OMP also reacted with proteins from closely related bacterial species in the family Pasteurellaceae but not with bacteria of 13 other genera. The 78-kDa OMP of H. somnus is of interest because it is surface accessible, highly conserved, immunogenic, cross-reactive with other members of the family Pasteurellaceae, and reactive with convalescent-phase serum which is passively protective against H. somnus pneumonia.
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PMID:Characterization of a 78-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus. 229 52

Sphha/sphha anemic mice have an abnormality in the erythroid membrane protein, alpha spectrin, and exhibit multiple related clinical abnormalities, including spherocytosis, shortened red cell survival, chronic hemolysis, hemosiderosis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. In addition, these mutant mice exhibit a granulocytosis and lymphocytosis, lymph node hyperplasia, elevated serum immunoglobulins, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and decreased lifespan--abnormalities that are less clearly attributable to a spectrin defect. In order to further elucidate the mechanisms of disease in these animals, we undertook a series of bone marrow transplantation experiments. Transplantation of anemic marrow into lethally irradiated congenic +/+ mice resulted in chronic spherocytosis, hemolytic anemia, peripheral leukocytosis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Additionally, transplant recipients of anemic marrow which had received a higher radiation dose (12 Gy) had increased numbers of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, a hypocellcular thymus, and a severe pneumonitis characterized by nodular areas of consolidation and edema. Mice receiving congenic +/+ marrow and irradiated with the same radiation dose exhibited minimal pulmonary abnormalities. Anemic mice transplanted with congenic +/+ marrow usually died, but the survivors exhibited reversal of some clinicopathological changes. These results would suggest that the clinical abnormalities of sphha/sphha mice are in part attributable to abnormalities of hematopoietic stem cells but may also involve defects in other cell types. The pathogenesis of the accompanying lymphoid abnormalities observed in this mutant anemic mouse and any correlation with the erythroid spectrin defect are presently unknown. The pulmonary disease that develops in the transplant recipients of anemic marrow needs to be characterized further but may represent a unique model of lung injury.
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PMID:Transplantation studies in mice with congenital hemolytic anemia. 234 Jun 52

The transcription of omp1, the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein, was studied for two strains of Chlamydia psittaci, guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) and mouse pneumonitis (Mn). The transcriptional initiation sites for the omp1 of each strain were mapped by S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. Three different sizes of omp1 transcripts were observed for GPIC and four were observed for Mn. The production of these transcripts appeared to be the consequence of multiple tandem promoters. The order in which the omp1 RNA transcripts appeared during the growth cycle of the C. psittaci strains was found to differ from that of C. trachomatis.
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PMID:Multiple tandem promoters of the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) of Chlamydia psittaci. 238 24

Investigations of nursery outbreaks of Citrobacter diversus sepsis and meningitis have been hampered by lack of adequate epidemiologic markers for the organism. We studied outer membrane protein profiles from clinical isolates of C. diversus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether this method might be useful in the epidemiologic differentiation of strains. Paired cerebrospinal fluid isolates from each of three separate nursery outbreaks of C. diversus meningitis, paired isolates from the vagina of a postpartum woman and the cerebrospinal fluid of her newborn infant, one isolate from an infant with pneumonia and two from colonized nursery cohorts, and 30 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates were included. Eleven distinct profiles were differentiated by the presence or absence of five outer membrane proteins. Complete concordance of profiles was observed for epidemiologically related isolates. Unrelated epidemic strains had outer membrane protein profiles distinct from one another. Biotyping complemented determination of outer membrane protein profiles; the two markers differentiated each of the five epidemic strains from all but one of 30 unrelated nonepidemic isolates. Determination of outer membrane protein profiles is potentially useful in epidemiologic investigations of disease caused by C. diversus.
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PMID:Epidemiologic marker system for Citrobacter diversus using outer membrane protein profiles. 267 Oct 30

The objective of this study was to characterize the humoral immune response to chlamydial genital infection of mice with the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn). With an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, immunoglobulin G antibodies to MoPn were first detected in plasma by day 14. Peak plasma antibody concentrations were reached by day 49, and this response did not decline significantly throughout the 300-day monitoring period. Immunoglobulin A against MoPn could first be detected in pooled vaginal washes by day 21 after infection and had reached peak concentrations by day 28, but anti-MoPn immunoglobulin G was not consistently present in secretions. The antibody response in secretions had declined slightly by day 300. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the early phase of the plasma antibody response to MoPn as a result of genital infection was against lipopolysaccharide, the major outer membrane protein, and a 62-kilodalton (kDa) protein. In secretions, early-phase immunoglobulin A antibodies were directed to the major outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide. Late reactions to 15-, 22-, and 83-kDa proteins in plasma were noted. Late reactions to the 62-kDa protein in secretions were also noted. The cause of these late responses remains unexplained. When mice were challenged intravaginally with MoPn at 50-day intervals after the primary infection, it was found that mice inoculated on day 100 or after were susceptible to reinfection. Susceptibility could not be related to a decline in the antibody concentration in plasma or secretions or in the antibody response to specific components of MoPn as measured by immunoblot analysis.
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PMID:Humoral immune response to chlamydial genital infection of mice with the agent of mouse pneumonitis. 274 54

A human immunoglobulin G preparation, enriched in antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens (PA-IGIV) and murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to P. aeruginosa Fisher immunotype-1 (IT-1) LPS antigen and outer membrane protein F (porin), were evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in a guinea pig model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. The concentration of antibodies to IT-1 LPS was 7.6 micrograms/ml in PA-IGIV and 478 micrograms/ml in the IT-1 MAb preparation. No antibody to IT-1 was detected in MAb to porin. For study, animals were infected by intratracheal instillation of IT-1 P. aeruginosa and then treated 2 h later with intravenous infusions of PA-IGIV, IT-1 MAb, or porin MAb. Control groups received intravenous albumin, and routinely died from pneumonia. Both PA-IGIV (500 mg/kg) and IT-1 MAb (greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg) treatment resulted in increased survival (P less than 0.01 to 0.001), and also improved intrapulmonary killing of bacteria. Porin MAb failed to protect from fatal pneumonia. IT-1 MAb treatment produced more survivals than did PA-IGIV treatment but only at dosages of MAb resulting in serum antibody concentrations greater than those achieved with PA-IGIV. PA-IGIV and IT-1 MAb demonstrated in vitro and in vivo (posttreatment guinea pig serum) opsonophagocytic activity for the IT-1 challenge strain. However, the polyclonal preparation required complement, whereas the MAb did not. We conclude that passive immunization with polyclonal hyperimmune P. aeruginosa globulin or with MAb to LPS antigens may be useful in the treatment of acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia. The relative efficacies of such preparations may be limited, however, by their type-specific LPS antibody concentrations.
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PMID:Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody therapy for experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. 309 85

The ability of concentrated antibody against the 78- or 40-kilodalton (kDa) outer membrane protein (OMP) of Haemophilus somnus to passively protect calves against H. somnus-induced pneumonia was determined. The 78- and 40-kDa OMPs were evaluated in passive protection experiments, because results of previous studies demonstrated their (i) immunogenicity for cattle, (ii) intense reactivity with convalescent-phase sera which passively protected calves against experimental H. somnus pneumonia, (iii) surface location and accessibility to antibody, and (iv) conservation among a wide range of H. somnus isolates obtained from animals with different diseases and from different geographic locations. The specificity of the two antisera evaluated in this study was verified by (i) immunoblots in which reactivity against the 78- or 40-kDa OMP was present in postimmunization but not preimmunization serum and (ii) immunoblots in which affinity-purified, surface-reactive antibodies in each antisera were used, which demonstrated that essentially only antibody to the 78- or 40-kDa OMP was reactive with the surface of H. somnus. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, the antiserum against the 40-kDa OMP contained immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, and IgM against H. somnus, while the antiserum against the 78-kDa OMP contained IgG1 and IgM but no IgG2 against H. somnus. The antiserum against the 40-kDa OMP contained IgG1 and IgG2 specific for the 40-kDa OMP, as determined by Western blot analysis. Slight reactivity against H. somnus lipopolysaccharide was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but not by Western blot analysis. In passive protection experiments, preincubation of bacteria with antibody against the 40-kDa OMP protected calves (P less than 0.025) against H. somnus pneumonia, while antibody against the 78-kDa OMP failed to protect calves against H. somnus pneumonia. Determination of the potential protective capacity of the 78-kDa OMP awaits resolution of the role of anti-78-kDa IgG2 in protection against H. somnus pneumonia. The 40-kDa OMP is, however, a good candidate antigen for evaluation of protective ability against H. somnus pneumonia following active immunization.
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PMID:Protective ability of antibodies against 78- and 40-kilodalton outer membrane antigens of Haemophilus somnus. 341 May 39

Hyperimmune rabbit sera directed to the KSCN extract of 3:A Pasteurella multocida were characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), presolubilized cell radioimmunoprecipitation, and immunoblotting analysis. The results showed that the hyperimmune serum had a very high titer of immunoglobulin G ELISA antibody and a negligible immunoglobulin A ELISA antibody, precipitated 10 different outer membrane protein antigens by radioimmunoprecipitation, and reacted to 10 different membrane vesicle antigens of P. multocida by immunoblotting analysis. The hyperimmune rabbit sera were also evaluated for protective efficacy against experimental rabbit pasteurellosis by homologous challenge. Thirty-six rabbits were divided into four groups. Group 1, 2, and 3 rabbits were inoculated intranasally with hyperimmune rabbit serum, phosphate-buffered saline, or normal rabbit serum, respectively, at 24 h prior to and 24, 48, and 72 h after intranasal challenge with the virulent homologous P. multocida strain. Group 4 rabbits were inoculated with normal rabbit serum without challenge. Necropsies of surviving rabbits were performed 2 weeks postinfection. The mortality rates for groups 1 through 4 were 25% (3 of 12), 67% (8 of 12), 75% (6 of 8), and 0% (0 of 4), respectively. The prevalence and severity of pneumonia were significantly lower in the hyperimmune serum-treated rabbits. The prevalence of P. multocida colonization in lungs was significantly lower in group 1 rabbits, and the geometric mean CFU of P. multocida in lungs was 59,166-fold less in group 1 rabbits than in group 3 rabbits. The geometric mean CFU of P. multocida in nasal cavities of group 1 rabbits was significantly lower than that of group 3 rabbits. All challenged rabbits (groups 1,2, and 3) had elevated nasal immunoglobulin A and pulmonary (lung lavage) immunoglobulin A antibody levels at necropsy (day 14 postinfection). Similarly, all challenged rabbits had elevated levels of ELISA immunoglobulin G antibody in serum at day 14 but not at day 7 postinfection, indicating that rabbits receiving hyperimmune serum can mount a specific humoral immune response against the homologous challenge P. multocida organisms. We concluded that hyperimmune serum directed to the KSCN extract of 3:A P. multocida provides significant protection against homologous challenge in rabbits.
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PMID:Hyperimmune serum from rabbits immunized with potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella multocida protects against homologous challenge. 369 46

Sera from 30 infants with suspected chlamydial pneumonitis were studied by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with three antigens: reticulate bodies (RB), purified major outer membrane protein ( MOMP ) of Chlamydia trachomatis strain L2, and purified lipopolysaccharide from Re mutants of Salmonella (Re LPS), which shows complete cross-reaction with chlamydial glycolipid. The immunofluorescence test (I/RB IFAT), which detected IgM antibodies (titer of greater than or equal to 1:64) in 16 patients whose clinical picture was consistent with chlamydial pneumonitis, was the standard method. EIA measured IgM antibodies to the purified antigens but not to RB; 15 sera were positive with the MOMP antigen and two with the Re LPS antigen. High-titered IgG antibodies were detected by I/RB IFAT in 15 and by MOMP EIA in 13 of the 30 sera. By the RB EIA, 17 sera were positive. The MOMP EIA was thus as sensitive and specific as the I/RB IFAT. Because the EIA can be automated, it would make possible the screening of all children younger than six months of age with respiratory-tract symptoms and IgM antibodies to Chlamydia.
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PMID:Chlamydial pneumonitis and its serodiagnosis in infants. 637 63


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