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Query: UMLS:C0032285 (pneumonia)
 54,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells and membranes to affect tetrazolium reduction by hamster trachea organ cultures was evaluated. Uninfected trachea explants reduced 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and nitro-blue tetrazolium when incubated at 37 C in the absence of air. Reduced tetrazolium salts (formazans) were extractable with acetone or ethylene glycol and could be quantitated spectrophotometrically. The optimal assay system involved the use of three or more tracheal rings incubated for 2 h in 0.12% TTC in Tyrode balanced salts supplemented with 1.2% sodium succinate. Formazan was extracted for 5 min with acetone, and the optical density (490 nm) was determined. Trachea explants with metabolic activity reduced or obliterated by freeze-thaw lysis, heat (56 C X 30 min), or cyanide (0.1 M NaCN X 30 min) had negligible ciliary activity and tetrazolium reduction activity (optical density at 490 nm [dry weight]). Tracheas exposed to mycoplasma cells or membranes also showed significantly decreased ciliary activity and tetrazolium reduction; e.g., only 5pc of the ciliary activity and reduction capacity remained after 5 days in culture when infected with M. pneumonia PI 1428 cells. The data indicate that the exposure of ciliated respiratory epithelium to mycoplasma cells or membranes results in diminished oxidative metabolism, and that the ability to reduce TTC to its formazan is correlated with relative ciliary activity.
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PMID:Quantitative reduction of 2,3,4-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride by hamster trachea organ cultures: effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells and membranes. 124 78

Treatment of long-term artificially ventilated patients is often complicated by nosocomial infections. The infection that occurs with the highest frequency during intensive care treatment is pneumonia (22-63%). Ninety per cent of nosocomial infections of intensive care patients are endogenous infections caused by mainly gram-negative aerobic microorganisms that have colonized in the gastrointestinal tract. Selective decontamination of the intestine provides a method that prevents nosocomial infections. In a prospective study 13 patients whose oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract had been decontaminated (SDD) were compared to 17 patients in a control group. In a third group twelve patients were decontaminated in the gastrointestinal tract (SGD) only, and in a fourth group 16 patients were decontaminated in the oropharynx (SMD) only. Trachea, oropharynx and faeces of the patients belonging to the control group (KG) were colonized to almost 100% with gram-negative bacteria. Only 10% of the patients of the SDD and SMD groups showed gram-negative bacteria located in the trachea and oropharynx after one week of decontamination. No gram-negative aerobic bacteria were present after seven days in the faeces of the patients of the SDD and SGD groups. There was no difference with regard to the trachea and oropharynx between the control group and the SGD group. The gram-negative aerobic intestinal flora was not affected by the selective mouth decontamination. The average rate of pneumonia occurrence within the 15-day observation period was 28.2% for the control group, 14% for the SGD group, and 9.6% for the SDD group, and 4.1% for the SMD group. Decontamination of the oropharynx of patients is essential in order to successfully prevent pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Selective gut decontamination in ventilated intensive therapy patients]. 829 49

The progression of Escherichia coli lesions was studied in the respiratory tract of 4-week-old commercial broilers. Lesions were induced after a single intratracheal E. coli infection, and after an infection with E. coli preceded 5 days earlier by an oculo-nasal and intratracheal infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection of either the virulent M41 strain or the H120 vaccine strain. Trachea, lung and thoracic airsac lesions were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Tissue samples were taken at 3h post-inoculation (hpi), and 1, 2, 4 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) with E. coli. The location of both pathogens was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Single E. coli inoculation induced pneumonia and airsacculitis; in case it was preceded by IBV infection, the same macroscopical lesions and also viral tracheitis were found. No clear difference existed between the single and dual infected birds with respect to inflammatory reactions in the lung, which had disappeared within 7 days, except for the presence of more follicles in dual infected birds. IBV antigen was detected in secondary bronchi and airsacs up to 2 dpi and in the trachea up to 4 dpi. E. coli bacteria were found in the tracheal lumen included in purulent material, the parabronchi and airsacs. In lung tissue E. coli antigen was found up to 4 dpi. No clear difference existed between single and dual inoculated birds regarding the presence of E. coli in the lung. In the airsacs, a few bacteria were found from 0.5 hpi up to 4 dpi in E. coli and IBV-E. coli inoculated birds. Although both pathogens were cleared beyond detection at 7 dpi, in IBV-E. coli inoculated birds lesions in the airsac persisted, in contrast to broilers inoculated with E. coli only. In the present study it is shown that 4-week-old broilers are not resistant to intratracheal E. coli inoculation, however, these birds can overcome the induced E. coli infection within a short time span. Moreover, a preceding infection with vaccine or virulent IBV does not seem to impair the clearance of E. coli in the respiratory tract of broilers, but rather induces an exaggerated inflammatory response in the airsacs only, which seems to be the mechanism behind the pattern of airsacculitis in commercial poultry in the field.
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PMID:Progression of lesions in the respiratory tract of broilers after single infection with Escherichia coli compared to superinfection with E. coli after infection with infectious bronchitis virus. 1900 7

Vocal cord synechia causes respiratory disturbance and severe pneumonia. A 63-year-old woman with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis caused by translaryngeal intubation after resection of acoustic tumor and by thyroid surgery in her history and progressive dyspnea, had received vocal cord synechiotomy under general anesthesia. Preoperative endoscopic examination revealed edematous larynx, immobility of left unilateral vocal fold, insufficient mobility of right vocal fold, left arytenoid cartilage dislocation and a posterior glottic adhesion. Anesthesia was induced by propofol administration, and a muscle relaxant was administered following confirmation of effective face mask ventilation. Trachea was cannulated immediately after incision of the scar under indirect video laryngoscopy. Vocal cord synechiotomy was completed without any respiratory complication. The case indicated that recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis has a potential for vocal cord synechia and difficulty of tracheal intubation, and visibility of the surgical field among anesthesiologists and surgeons by indirect video laryngoscopy for vocal cord synechiotomy contributes to establish prompt surgical manipulation and tracheal intubation as to vocal cord synechiotomy.
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PMID:[Application of video laryngoscope for vocal cord synechiotomy in a patient with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis]. 2042 Jan 48